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Just letting you know that I have released the next version of nsisbi, and the changelog documents what changed. Enjoy .

A text frequently mentioned in connection with ancient India in general, and the Mauryas specifically, is Kauṭilya's Arthaśāstra. You can find the Sanskrit at: https://sarit.indology.info/kautalyarthasastra.xml The text was considered lost for centuries, but rediscovered in 1905. The first complete (English) translation, by R. Shamasastry, appeared in 1915 (it's now in the public domain and available at Wikisource); however, this translation is often faulty at best: when the work reappeared, it was poorly understood; many of the words were unknown and did not appear in any Sanskrit dictionaries or commentaries available at the time. A second manuscript appeared later; both derive from a single version from Kerala. There's also fragmentary manuscript from Northern India, and four fragmentary commentaries have been found. Based on these R. P. Kangle published a critical edition in 1960 and a new English translation in 1963. The Arthaśāstra has been widely studied and the scholarly understanding now is much better than it was fifty or hundred years ago. A new, good, and recent translation is: Patrick Olivelle King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India : Kauṭilya's Arthaśāstra : A New Annotated Translation (Oxford 2013) To properly understand the text, one should read the introduction carefully. It's over fifty pages, and contains a wealth of information. As you may know, the Mauryas (c. 323–184 BC) were the first Indian empire to rule most of the subcontinent. After three generations (Chandragupta, Bindusara, Ashoka), it shattered and a Mauryan rump state was ruled by a succession of kings for another fifty years. Centuries later a king Gupta founded the Gupta dynasty (late 3rd C AD – 543); his grandson greatly expanded the state and took the name Chandragupta I, after the founder of the Maurya dynasty; his son Samudragupta and grandson Chandragupta II further expanded it. The Guptas were only the second empire to control most of India; their heartland was in the same region as that of the Mauryas, and they had the same capital (Pataliputra). For this and other reasons, the Guptas strongly identified themselves with Mauryas. The Gupta period was a golden age of India, and many Sanskrit texts were canonized under them, including the most important, the Mahabharata and Ramayana epics. Traditionally Kauṭilya was equated with Cāṇakya and the name Viṣṇugupta as the author of the Arthaśāstra. This is no longer accepted in modern scholarship. Kauṭilya is the author of the work; his name is mentioned in the text itself, as well as in Manu and other texts; the other two are not named, they're added in the later tradition. Cāṇakya is the well-known teacher, advisor, and chancellor of Chandragupta Maurya; he's likely a historic person whose name and fame became legendary (not unlike Buddha, Socrates, and Jesus). Kauṭilya was most likely identified with Cāṇakya, for political and symbolic reasons, under Gupta emperor Chandragupta I. Viṣṇugupta is a highly symbolic name: Viṣṇu is the most important god and Gupta the name of the dynasty. It was probably added as a third name (three is very symbolic number) later under the Guptas, possibly under Chandragupta II. Kauṭilya's Arthaśāstra has been dated as early as the Mauryas and as late as the Guptas. Modern scholarship has shown neither can be the case, both on linguistic grounds and content and culture. Kauṭilya compiled his work from several older works; we know this both because it lists several names, and because the work covers heterogenous topics and uses very different words in the first part(s) of the work than in the rest. It was probably titled Daṇḍanīti (the title Arthaśāstra was attached to it centuries later). An important scholar named Manu, from the Manusmṛiti (“Manu's Laws”, probably from the 2nd C AD), extensively used Kauṭilya's work. From it it's evident the version used was quite different from the one known in the present, therefore it must have been overhauled (at least once) afterwards, the so-called Śāstric Redaction. This restructured the text, divided it into chapters, added chapter-ending verses, enumerations, and a table of contents, and inserted new chapters, dialogues, and a heavy emphasis on number symbolism. Kauṭilya's sources were probably written between c. 50 BC and c. AD 50. Not later, since only silver and copper coins are mentioned; gold coins were introduced c. AD 100 but not mentioned in the text. And not much earlier either: The text explicitly forbids the use of wood in fortifications, whereas it's known from archaeological finds (and Greek texts) that the Mauryas had wooden city walls; stone fortifications and bricks were used in India only after the Mauryas. Moreover, the Mauryas ruled a vast empire and had a huge army; the world in the Arthaśāstra consists of many small kingdoms, confederacies, and tribal states (as was the case after the Mauryas). Furthermore, corral is mentioned multiple times (in books 2, 5, 7); it came from the Mediterranean; one of the types is called ālakandakam, from Alexandria in Egypt, another vaivarṇikam, possible named after the Greeks (Ionians); while India is known to have traded with the Persian Gulf already in the second millennium, direct sea trade between Egypt and India took off only after c. 100 BC. Kauṭilya's version was probably compiled somewhere between AD 50 and 125; the absence of gold coins favours the earlier date, and it can't have been much later, since the text was already well known by the time of Manu. The Śāstric Redaction probably happened between AD 175 and 300. Not earlier, because this version was not known to Manu, and not later, because this was the version known to and heavily influential at the Gupta court of Chandragupta I and his successors (AD 319 onwards). Basically Kauṭilya's Arthaśāstra is not reflective of India under the Mauryas. Nevertheless, it's a fascinating and important text, worth reading.

I open this thread to offer a starting point for those that want to deepen specific topics and to centralize the different useful sources found by the members of our community. Anybody can propose a reference to add to the list. I will update the list when I can. To ease the reading, I put the title first, then the author name and the year. The goal here is NOT to reference EVERYTHING. There are too many books on the same topics. The best option should be to propose some key readings on specific topics, the best references available. Some books in foreign languages are welcomed. We should avoid to post direct links to Library Genesis or Sci-Hub here, but checking if the book is available there will be an appreciated effort. Proposing very rare and overpriced books is not useful, except if it is still possible to find it in an electronic format. I start with Rome and I will continue later. Recommended Classical Literature Rome Celts Mauryas / Ancient India Hellenistic / Diadochi / Alexander and his successors Others will follow up...

It would be interesting to have a limit of possible characters so that it doesn't happen again.

I feel like the game would be really enjoyable if you had objective or history based missions to play. Like say play as the spartans and defend against the Persians. or as the gualts against the romans, etc.

Hello, Today I ( ign: facts) played a game against alpha99. He rushed me at ~14 minutes but lost all his troops in the rush. He lost all of his spearmen and then he said he had to go and then he left (he being the host here) . In the summary it can be seen that he was down to 3 citizens after the failed rush ( 14 minutes into the game) and this caused him to leave the game without resigning. I'd be delighted if you could look into the matter and perhaps get me the points if possible. @user1 commands.txt

It's animations. And its like the handheld ram bug.

ping @Itms

I have class with him later today. I'll check in XD

Hi, thanks, good work! interesting research, looks cool, masterful and informative. I have always appreciated such things, because it is a pleasure to read and study. On my own I recommend https://papersowl.com/examples/animal-farm/ also practical and useful Animal Farm Essays and reviews for general development, or just read and download. Also, the resource is full of interesting and informative topics and materials in every possible way, good luck to everyone in your study!

Just friendly warning about new blender: I could not export dae correctly. If you happen to figure it out, please ping me.

I'll download it in two weeks when I return to my home Thanks!

While I do not under seigecraft, I understand some of the words in a different context. Maybe it will help in throwing light to the actual design and use of the weapon. Words in sanskrit do not have a fixed meaning, they are attributes, So a single object can have multiple names for each of its attribute, and a single name can be used for multiple objects, Some context is necessary to understand which object is being spoken about. sthirayantrám Is stationary Machine,It need not be immovable, it might only need to be stationary during operation, Sarvatobhadra: Sarvato=Everywhere, Bhadra has multiple meaning, it could be bull elephant, Iron, fir tree, auspicious. I think it means covered by iron on all side. jamadagnya: Son Of Jamadagni(All consuming fire), i.e. Parshuram (Parshu=Axe) bahumukha: Many-Face visvásagháti: Betrayer, Vishwas=Confidence, Ghataka=Deadly(Attack) yánaka: Vehicle parjanyaka: Leader of the citizens Ardha: Half. Urdhava: Erect/Vertical The second set of weapons are those that are carried by soldiers, Pánchálika: Another name for draupadi (ref: Mahabharatha). Daughter of Panchal( Panchal is The name of an ancient king and also the name of his kingdom.) Also mean's 5. Also a class of poisonous insects... Since Chanakya spoke of poison(Vishakanya) this could mean, A poisoned weapon. Devadanda: God's Stick musala: Mace (Crusher?) Yashti: Stick/staff/pole hastiváraka: Elephant Restrainer tálavrinta:?? mudgara: Hammer Gadha: Mace spriktala:?? kuddála: Digger( Spade?) Chakra is a throwing disk with serrated edges. Trishula is trident sataghni: 100 Fire, Cannon/Artillery Audhaghatima: ??

https://www.moddb.com/mods/hyrule-conquest/downloads/hyrule-conquest-08 https://www.moddb.com/mods/hyrule-conquest/downloads/low-poly-patch-for-08 New hc version released. @wowgetoffyourcellphone @Angen @Stan` @Freagarach , there is battalion support and other features as shown on previous videos and some new additions and suprises.

I would really love me some Etruscans in 0AD... It's true that they peaked just before 500BC, but they lasted as an important power into the 3rd century BC, the last Etruscan cities being annexed by Rome around 100 BC. They were full on Iron Age, not Bronze Age, and belong in Vanilla, in my opinion. The Chimera of Arezzo, one of the finest artefacts of the ancient world, Etruscan bronze (c. 400 BC): I've been collecting some visual refs for the Etruscans for a while, so I thought I'd also share what I have so far (mainly architecture and some frescoes):