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Everything posted by Genava55
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Archaeological potpourri
Genava55 replied to Gurken Khan's topic in Introductions & Off-Topic Discussion
Awesome documentary about the Etruscans, check for subtitles and dubbed versions on Arte's website: https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/101362-000-A/les-etrusques-une-civilisation-mysterieuse-de-mediterranee/ -
https://www.youtube.com/@Alexus50105/shorts
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Another name plausible is Teutones. The name the Germans gave themselves was probably something like this. *þeudō in proto-germanic would mean 'people' and its derivations as *þeudiskaz 'from the people' and *ϸeudanōz 'those from the people' would be close to the word Teutones. In Proto-Indo-European, *teutonōs would mean "one from the people". Deutsch derives from this. https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/deutsch
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Caesar said the Gauls called themselves Celts. The Celts was the first name reported in the literature, as Keltoi by the Greeks (Herodotus, Hecateus of Miletus, Aristotle). Only later the name Gauls (Galli in Latin and Galatai in Greek) have been popularized. But the Gauls called themselves Celts. We also know a few tribes in Iberia used the name Celtici. The Britons probably not. In fact all the so-called Celtic people of the British Isles and Ireland, never have been called Celts and never have called themselves Celts in their literature. It is a much later invention when scholars realized the links between the languages (Gaelic, Welsh, Gaulish etc.). And also the mention of druids in both sides. The modern use of the word Celtic is different from the meaning it had during the ancient times. The same for German and Germanic. Numerous tribes have been called Germanic, but not all. For example the Goths never have been called Germans or Germanic. We know they spoke a Germanic language, but it is a modern view. Not the view they had in the past. For the Romans, Gauls and Germans are mostly equivalent. The labels are used for a large contiguous population divided in different tribes but occuping approximately the same geographical region. Every outsider from a geographical point of view, like the Britons and the Goths, were not included in the groupings. In the first iterations of 0 A.D., they were grouped in a single Greek civ. The only reason they are not, is for the gameplay. There is enough material among Greek city-states and Hellenic kingdoms to make several civs with enough diversity. But the Iberian civ for example is a extreme case of mixing in 0 A.D., like a patch-work of several different cultures. Cimbri are documented, their wandering happened at least between 113-101 BC. Although there is not that much info on them, they are a known people. They are not the first Germanic population appearing in the historical records, this would be the Bastarnae/Skiri.
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Germans would be the most consistent with the other civs.
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The word "Germani" is first popularized by Caesar, he used it to group a large population under one label and he built a narrative with it. There is a debate among scholars to know if Caesar was really the original source, maybe Posidonius of Apameia was the actual original transmitter of the word. But there is no consensus. Furthermore, there is a plausible hypothesis where Posidonius transmitted the named "Germani" to specifically speak about a tribe, not a large group. Tacitus mentioned that the name was originally applied to the Tungri only, then it has been generalized to others. Maybe Tacitus was relying on Posidonius because Caesar doesn't mention the Tungri. Caesar mentions the Aduatuci, the Condrusi, the Eburones, the Caeraesi and the Paemani as being commonly named Germans. Which is interesting because the Tungri could be another name of the Aduatuci. Finally there is something interesting in relation to the Cimbri here: The Aduatuci are a remnant of the Cimbri and Teutones who tried to invade the Belgians and failed. This is explained by Caesar. So the descendants of the Cimbri and Teutones could have been called Germans a few decades after their wandering. Thus, the Romans did call a large population Germans. German is not a label the tribes used to call themselves, but so do is the name Gaul. The concern with the name Germans and its correspondence with present-day Germans dates back to the Second World War and the Nazis' use of the Germanic theme as an ideological justification. But at no point is anyone going to make the same criticism of the use of the name Greek for the ancient populations of Greece when the Greeks of today bear the same name. The same goes for the Egyptians, the Chinese, the Belgians etc. I don't see why today's Germans should have exclusive use of this name. What's more, the problem only exists with English, and the world does not revolve around Anglo-Saxon countries alone. ‘Deutsch’ in German. ‘Allemands’ in French. ‘Tedeschi’ in Italian. ‘Alemán’ in Spanish. For me, the only problem with the Cimbri is that they come into conflict with a future faction of the Germans and that they're a single, relatively unknown people. The concept seems interesting, although I haven't tried the faction out yet. If we rename the Cimbri as Germans, it is fine for me. Although it is a bit sad to reduce the Germans to a single tribe.
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There is a blog article about it here: https://www.comitatus.net/greekbellybow.html Although it is not really related to the Macedonians but to the Greeks in general, it is a real ancient weapon. Edit: There is a plausible evidence for its use in Macedonia in the 2nd century BC: https://www.academia.edu/31610915/Perimortem_Weapon_Trauma_to_the_Thoracic_Vertebrae_of_a_2nd_Century_BC_Adult_Male_Skeleton_from_Central_Macedonia_Northern_Greece_2004_Death_from_a_catapulted_bolt_head_Journal_of_Paleopathology
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The Problem With Hippocrates
Genava55 replied to Thorfinn the Shallow Minded's topic in General Discussion
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The Problem With Hippocrates
Genava55 replied to Thorfinn the Shallow Minded's topic in General Discussion
@borg- I think you are the author of this change right? To be fair it is not worse than the Marian reform, which didn't exist but is a modern construction from the historiography. Maybe we can let this one pass, although we need to explicitly say in the encyclopedia he is not Athenian and it has been decided for the gameplay. -
Is it happening when there is no battle formation as well?
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Bibliography and references about ancient times (+ book reviews)
Genava55 replied to Genava55's topic in General Discussion
The Zapotecs: Princes, Priests, and Peasants Although the Zapotecs have lost most of their cultural distinctiveness and undergone many changes, their way of life still displays links with a rich and fabled past. For more than three thousand years, the Zapotec-speaking peoples have occupied the fertile Valley of Oaxaca of southern Mexico – a region that was one of the earliest fully developed civilizations in America. There the Zapotec princely and priestly elites ruled a complex social and political organization, the theocratic state, and the Zapotec temple city of Monte Alban became one of the great cultural centers of Mesoamerica. The decline of the Zapotec civilization, and of Monte Alban as a civil and religious center, began before A.D. 900, with a shift toward divisive militarism, with the arrival of the Mixtecs in the thirteenth century and the rise of the Mixtec-Puebla culture, and with the invasion of the tribute-demanding Mexicas in the fifteenth century. The Zapotec princes’ elite status and most of the religious and political traditions ended. Finally, with the Spanish Conquest, when most of the Zapotecs and Mixtecs were reduced to rural, subject peasantry. This account of the Zapotecs and their worlds is what the author calls anthropological history. He draws on and integrates findings from archaeology, ethnology, ethnohistory, social anthropology, and other fields to reveal as fully as possible the worlds of the Zapotecs. The author, Joseph W. Whitecotton, was Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Oklahoma. Zapotec Civilization: How Urban Society Evolved A description of the work of Kent Flannery, Joyce Marcus and their colleagues in Mexico's Oaxaca Valley where the Zapotecs created one of the world's original civilizations. At its peak 1500 years ago, the Zapotec capital of Monte Alban - with its magnificent temples, tombs, ballcourts and hieroglyphic inscriptions - dominated a society of over 100,000 people with farflung territorial outposts. Yet a millennium earlier Monte Alban had been uninhabited and the valley's population less than one tenth its later size. The authors of the book go back to the beginnings of the settlement in Oaxaca 10,000 years ago to provide the answers to what caused this sudden cultural flowering. Ancient Zapotec Religion: An Ethnohistorical and Archaeological Perspective Ancient Zapotec Religion is the first comprehensive study of Zapotec religion as it existed in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca on the eve of the Spanish Conquest. Author Michael Lind brings a new perspective, focusing not on underlying theological principles but on the material and spatial expressions of religious practice. Using sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Spanish colonial documents and archaeological findings related to the time period leading up to the Spanish Conquest, he presents new information on deities, ancestor worship and sacred bundles, the Zapotec cosmos, the priesthood, religious ceremonies and rituals, the nature of temples, the distinctive features of the sacred and solar calendars, and the religious significance of the murals of Mitla—the most sacred and holy center. He also shows how Zapotec religion served to integrate Zapotec city-state structure throughout the valley of Oaxaca, neighboring mountain regions, and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Ancient Zapotec Religion is the first in-depth and interdisciplinary book on the Zapotecs and their religious practices and will be of great interest to archaeologists, epigraphers, historians, and specialists in Native American, Latin American, and religious studies. Zapotec: An Affectionate Portrait Of Southern Mexico And Its 3000 Year Old Culture This engrossing study of southern Mexico, an area fabulous for what it has already yielded to devoted archaeologists, haunting for what it has not yet revealed, centers about the Zapotec as the matrix of the Oaxaca peoples and builders of a glorious ancient culture. First we come to know the peoples of Oaxaca as they are today— the fifteen tribes, their fiestas and ways of life, their cities. Then we travel back in the vertical time of the Indians to trace the possible routes that led to the building of Monte Alban and other sites of ancient civilizations, surmise the reign of the Zapotec to its checking by the Aztec, to the acceptance of the Spaniards as deliverers from the Aztecs and allies against the Mixtecs, and see the consummation of the Zapotec heritage in the person of Benito Juarez, the great and progressive hero of Mexican unification. A fruitful approach to a fascinating research area, this achieves the vertical time of the Indians in showing the unity and change of past and present and gives the reader an insight into the theories research evokes and the facts it assures. Zapotec Monuments and Political History Of the four major hieroglyphic writing systems of ancient Mesoamerica, the Zapotec is widely considered one of the oldest and least studied. This volume assesses the origins and spread of Zapotec writing; the use and role of Zapotec writing in the politics of the region; and the decline of hieroglyphic writing in the Valley of Oaxaca. Lavishly illustrated with maps, photographs, and original artwork. -
Welcome to Achilles, Cúchulainn and Beowulf ? Because most of the evidence comes from the Monte Albán III, a phase which is labelled the "Golden Age" or the Classical period of the Zapotecs. Most of the previous buildings have been rebuilt several times. This is similar to Rome, almost all of the ancient Roman buildings still standing are from the imperial period.
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Of course it is an option. We could also toss out the awful idea of separating the two time periods into two games (or expansions/mods/whatever Empires Ascendants and Empires Besieged are), that way we can include the Zapotecs more easily from the mod. What's more, as the team has decided to follow the path of eternal releases, freeing itself from explicit milestones (alpha, beta...), this division clearly no longer makes sense.
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Others RTS - Discuss / Analysis
Genava55 replied to Lion.Kanzen's topic in Introductions & Off-Topic Discussion
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Others RTS - Discuss / Analysis
Genava55 replied to Lion.Kanzen's topic in Introductions & Off-Topic Discussion
Foundation -
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- britons
- east celtic
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(and 2 more)
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Others RTS - Discuss / Analysis
Genava55 replied to Lion.Kanzen's topic in Introductions & Off-Topic Discussion
new trailer for The Bustling World Ancient Chinese RPG The Bustling World is, in fact, all of the genres, from city builder to life sim https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ancient-chinese-rpg-the-bustling-world-is-in-fact-all-of-the-genres-from-city-builder-to-life-sim -
gameplays Age of Empires 2 stuff
Genava55 replied to Lion.Kanzen's topic in Introductions & Off-Topic Discussion
Which model of graphic card ? -
Archaeological potpourri
Genava55 replied to Gurken Khan's topic in Introductions & Off-Topic Discussion
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Others RTS - Discuss / Analysis
Genava55 replied to Lion.Kanzen's topic in Introductions & Off-Topic Discussion
Manor Lords has become a much better and complete game. -
[Request] Roman Hero helmet (Consular)
Genava55 replied to Lion.Kanzen's topic in Eyecandy, custom projects and misc.
- 22 replies
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Others RTS - Discuss / Analysis
Genava55 replied to Lion.Kanzen's topic in Introductions & Off-Topic Discussion
Strategos