Genava55

What could be interesting for the Britons is the possibility to carry the "groupe IV" swords on the back, something nice to add for the Batoros unit:

The Ewart Park and Llyn Fawr phases are a reminiscent bronze age period where the bronze weapons are becoming less and less popular. By 500 BC, there is very very little chance that bronze swords were still in use. Especially because the 6th and 5th century were a period of strong transition to the iron age with clear cultural influence from the continent. More precisely, it is the time where iron daggers were adopted and accepted by the natives: http://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0079497X0001608X http://sci-hub.tw/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-prehistoric-society/article/swords-and-scabbards-of-the-british-early-iron-age/678467ECA9E12B38ACBF6D35F9BD835C This blade comes from the Marne and Champagne regions in France. It is one of the birthplace of the La Tène culture, where we see the transition between a local iron age culture influenced by Hallstatt to a fully expression of its own culture that will spread and become La Tène during the 5th century. The phases of this transition have their own denomination, Jogassien (530 - 475) and Marnien (475-400). If 0 A.D. is focusing on the time period between 500 to 0, why including the Hallstatt culture that is disappearing during the beginning of this timespan? By 450 BC, the Hallstatt is ended. As you pointed out, the Hallstatt C is ending around 600 BC. Hallstatt D is the next phase and during this, the daggers are becoming more popular than the longswords.

De rien, j'avais pas compris que c'était ça ton problème ;-) Moi aussi la première fois j'avais pas trouvé tout de suite.

Ctrl+clique souris sur le bâtiment ennemi. Ca switch entre capturer et attaquer.

Salut, je suis pas un bon joueur, ni un régulier mais je vais essayer de répondre sur un point. En général le mieux c'est de détruire parce que ça te coûte moins d'hommes et tu n'as pas le risque de faire une action inutile en laissant l'IA recapturer les bâtiments après t'avoir repoussé. Si tu captures une caserne, regarde si tu as des hommes à soigner, tu les fous dedans un petit moment mais après ça tu détruis le bâtiment. Mais capturer les forteresses et les tours ennemies peut se révéler une tactique efficace si c'est murement réfléchi et planifié (faire ça à l'arrache non). L'IA a toujours la même façon de réagir, c'est juste une suite d'algorithmes. Capturer une forteresse pendant une attaque peut être une stratégie pour épuiser les hommes de l'IA. Tu captures le bâtiment, tu fous une dizaine d'hommes dedans, tu gardes de la cavalerie et des javeliniers en retrait, tu provoques l'IA pour qu'elle vienne attaquer la forteresse et tu contre-attaques quand elle a plus de soldats. D'ailleurs tu peux aussi profiter du fait que l'IA cherche à capturer tes bâtiments dans une partie. Tu les utilises pour lui faire perdre du temps et des hommes.

An example of a very problematic subject about horned helmets in Roman relief, the Glanum monument. It is a cenotaph (memorial) of three peoples having won the citizenship under the Roman army (but maybe a generation before the three peoples deceased, through their father). Monument dated between 30 and 20 BC. It is why Europa Barbarorum choose to represent veteran legionaries with horned helmet too: https://www.deviantart.com/tuxalin/art/Horned-helmet-with-mask-601415722 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioqSlJbgnK0

Britons heroes: Caratacos - Son of King Cunobelinos. Cunobelinos Bouddica

I did some research for more diversities for the heroes. Italic bronze cuirass, small possibility of a borrowing in Italy but uncertain. Horned helmets seems to be possible but there are clear confusion from the Romans about Gauls, Galatians and Germans and about the helmet type (Greek helmets everywhere in their relief, even too old models). I am still skeptical on the horned helmet uses and I prefer a use for the Epouanos unit but it depends of your opinion. For Vercingetorix, I think a crested-helmet is the better option, not the horns or the wheel. Brennos design: Britomaros/Viridomaros design: Uercingetorix (do not forget that Vercingetorix was close to Caesar before the revolt, he was his "contubernalis") -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gallic third phase champions design - A help to picture these Gallic elite cavalry from the Late La Tène period (1st century BC) - Suggested name: Comaterecos (Patrician, Senator or Magistrate); Uerouicos (victorious warrior, great fighter); Adscoros (attendant, retainer); Donnoconios (noble warrior, noble fighter). Description => Alesia, Mihovo, Boé, Port or Foret helmet / Trousers / Cape / Chain mail / Heads / Long shield with shield boss and orle protection Lepontic axeman - Suggested name: Namantobogios (smasher of enemies). Description => Port, Alesia, Negau or Ticino helmet / Trousers / Cape / Chain mail or Leather cuirass / one-handed axe / Long shield with shield boss and orle protection Celtic and Germanic swift cavalry - Suggested name: Epouanos (horse-killer); Uerouicos (victorious warrior, great fighter). Description => Foret, Port (Kessel), Coolus, Germanic or horned helmet. / Trousers / Tunic or thick tunic / Celtic cape or Bear cape / No shield or Medium shield or Shield on the back / Long lance (Special ability against cavalry? or javelins as a secondary weapons? many ideas possible) Aquitanian champion swordsman - Suggested name: Soliduros (Bodyguard, watcher) Description => Alesia, Boé or Mihovo helmet / Trousers / Cape / Chain mail and phalera / Long shield with shield boss and orle protection

Personally I agree. The distinction between fortress, hillfort, citadel and fortified city is not clear and most of the historical examples does not fit in these categories uniquely. They overlap each others. Moreover, a place like the Ptolemaic Berenike fortress was not only a defensive structure but also a structure with markets, workshops, ports and monuments. It acted like a political entity representing the authority of the Ptolemies.

Thick fabrics (woven or not woven) is the only one attested for sure. Pliny specify that both the Parthians and the Gauls use felted fabrics tremped in vinegar, which is able to resist a blade or fire (a bit exagerated but it is plausible). Moreover Polybius says during the battle of Telamon that the non-naked Gauls are protected against javelins by their tunic. There is a Parthian find: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/325987 Scythians use felted fabrics for various things: https://flextiles.wordpress.com/2017/10/16/scythians-warriors-of-ancient-siberia-at-the-british-museum/ https://www.apollo-magazine.com/art-diary/scythians-warriors-of-ancient-siberia-british-museum/?map=active Padded armor seems to be a thing for the Roman Imperial Era: https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/70fz17/did_roman_legionnaires_wear_gambeson_under_their/ No worries, I am busy as well. Good luck with your courses.

The art issue about the Celts seems to be recurrent. The first designs from 2003 and 2005 are already not the same than the actual units and buildings.

This Coolus is the Mannheim version, known to have been used by Caesarian legions and auxiliaries. Thus it is a bit out of the frame for the Polybian era. This helmet was found in Britain as well, probably a Celtic auxiliary. But the other Coolus type is very possibly used by Roman legionaries during the second century BC.

Maybe it should be possible to test it first before to apply it to a new alpha. As I said, I am motivated to find solutions to enhance the gameplay. Historical accuracy is not something always opposite to the gameplay. Any way, clearly the gameplay of the Celtic factions will change significantly however it is not an issue but a necessity I think. Currently the two factions are very similar. How this process is performed? The approbation I mean. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- By the way, I did some description for the rosters (first page, first post). It is just a sketch for the moment, I don't know if we should add other helmets for the Britons (see Britons thread). Here it is: Gauls roster: Village Swordsman - Cingetos (generic term for warrior fighting in the front line).  Basic => No helmet / Trousers / Naked chest or tunic / Cape or no cape / Long shield without shield protection Advanced => Berru or montefortino / Trousers / Cape / Naked chest or tunic / Long shield with shield boss Elite => Ciumesti or montefortino / Trousers / Cape or no cape / Leather cuirass / Long shield with shield boss and orle protection Javelin skirmisher - Bagauda (bellicose/fighter) Basic => No helmet / Trousers / Naked chest or tunic / No cape / Medium wicker shield Advanced => No helmet / Trousers / Cape / Naked chest or tunic / Medium wooden shield without shield protection Elite => Berru or montefortino helmet / Trousers / Cape / Naked chest or tunic / Medium wooden shield with shield boss Sword cavalry - Eporedos (cavalryman). Basic => No helmet / Trousers / Cape / Naked chest or tunic / Long shield but with shield boss Advanced => Berru or montefortino helmet / Trousers / Cape or no cape / Leather cuirass / Long shield with shield boss and orle protection Elite => Port, Alesia or Boé helmet / Trousers / Cape or no cape / Chain mail or Leather cuirass / Long shield with shield boss and orle protection Town Champion naked warrior (spearman) - Bariogaisatos (furious spearman). Fast and scary for fresh recruit (bonus against basic version of units ?)  General => Ciumesti or montefortino helmet / Naked / Cape or no cape / Medium or long shield with shield boss Spearman - Ambactos (who-is-around, attested word from Caesar for Gallic retinue and clients).  Basic => No helmet but leather or textile cap / Trousers / Tunic / No cape / Long shield without shield protection Advanced => No helmet but leather or textile cap / Trousers / Tunic / No cape / Long shield with shield boss Elite => Alesia or Port helmet / Trousers / Cape or no cape / Chain mail / Long shield with shield boss and orle protection Slinger - Selgos (hunter). Basic => No helmet / Trousers / Naked chest / No cape / No shield Advanced => No helmet / Trousers / Naked chest / No cape / Small rectangular shield Elite => No helmet but leather or textile cap / Trousers / Tunic / No cape / Small rectangular shield City Champion sword horseman - Comaterecos (patrician) General => Alesia, Mihovo, Boé or Foret helmet / Trousers / Cape / Chain mail / Long shield with shield boss and orle protection Archer - Selgos (hunter) - Archers. Upgrade for the slinger! Basic => No helmet / Trousers / Naked chest / No cape / No shield Advanced => No helmet but leather or textile cap / Trousers / Tunic / No cape / No shield Elite => Port helmet / Trousers / Tunic / Cape / No shield Champion Lance cavalry - Epouanos (horse-killer). Anti-cavalry special unit.  General => Need research and discuss. Need to check if we add other champions. Britons roster: Village Spearman - Catucos (combatant) Basic => No helmet / Trousers / Naked chest and body paint / No cape / Medium shield without shield protection Advanced => No helmet / Trousers / Cape / Naked chest and body paint/ Long shield with simple shield boss Elite => Coolus or Meyrick helmet / Trousers / Cape / Tunic (thick?)/ Long shield with complex shield boss and orle protection Javelin skirmisher - Adretos (who runs fast, attacker). Basic => No helmet / Trousers / Naked chest and body paint / No cape / Medium shield without shield protection Advanced => No helmet / Trousers / Cape / Naked chest and body paint/ Medium shield with simple shield boss Elite => Coolus or Meyrick helmet / Trousers / Cape / Tunic / Medium shield with complex shield boss and orle protection Light cavalry with javelins - Marcacos (cavalryman). Basic => No helmet / Trousers / Naked chest and body paint / No cape / Medium shield with simple shield boss Advanced => Coolus or Berru helmet / Trousers / Cape / Naked chest and body paint/ Long shield with simple shield boss Elite => Coolus or Meyrick helmet / Trousers / Cape / Tunic (thick?) / Long shield with complex shield boss and orle protection Town Slinger - Telmiuicos (slinger) Basic => No helmet / Trousers / Naked chest and body paint / No cape / Small shield without shield protection Advanced => No helmet / Trousers / Cape / Naked chest and body paint/ Small shield with simple shield boss Elite => Coolus or Meyrick helmet / Trousers / Cape / Tunic / Medium shield with simple shield boss Lance cavalry - Epossos (horseman, raider or "knight"). Basic => Mill Hill Headband / Trousers / Naked chest and body paint / No cape / Long shield with simple shield boss Advanced => Coolus or Berru helmet / Trousers / Cape / Tunic (thick?)/ Long shield with complex shield boss and orle protection Elite => Coolus or Meyrick helmet / Trousers / Cape / Chain Mail / Long shield with complex shield boss and orle protection Swordsman - Batoros (who-hit-hard, fighter). The Caledonians are described as using longswords and small shield and the Picts are described fighting naked. Basic => No helmet / Trousers or naked / Naked chest and body paint / No cape / Small shield without shield protection Advanced => Mill Hill Headband / Trousers / Cape / Naked chest and body paint / Medium rectangular shield without shield protection Elite => Coolus or Meyrick helmet / Trousers / Cape / Naked chest and body paint / Long shield with complex shield boss and orle protection War-Dogs - Agrocuna (battle/bloody/killer dog) Irish Wolfhound, Scottish Deerhound, English Mastiff, Irish mastiff (breed) City Champion chariot warrior - Esseda (war chariot). The Britons use war chariots with a driver and an elite warrior, they throw javelins from it and continue the fight on foot (possibility for the unit to transport one infantryman ?) General => Berru or Meyrick helmet / Trousers / Cape / Naked chest and body paint or Tunic (thick?)/ Long shield with complex shield boss and orle protection Champion swordsman - Argos (battle champion, noble) General => Mill Hill Headband or Berru helmet / Trousers / Cape / Chain Mail/ Long shield with complex shield boss and orle protection Champion skirmisher infantryman - Caur (old-Irish for champion). I propose an Irish elite javelinist, with a historical irish shortsword. If the double weapons switch is implanted, it could be an interesting unit. Polyvalent.  General => No helmet / Long gaelic dress / Cape / Medium rectangular shield with shield protection

The possible British helmet from the Ashmolean museum (should be bronze but impossible to gather information about it) : Pseudo-reconstitution made by the museum Andover (not very accurate but why not): Complement for the Mill Hill Deal crown/headband: Possible suggestion for a thick tunic protection different of the linothorax from the Gauls:

Yeah I am trying to do something in the first post of this thread, updating the roster with basic description:

North iberians (Catalunya) have used Celtic type of Montefortino helmet, especially iron type: There are native version of Montefortino helmets in Iberian burials (round points on the map), exclusively in bronze: The only possibility to use others Celtic helmets is for a regional South Aquitanian unit (Iberic/Basque speaking). It is possible. For the Celtiberians, I don't know if the team want to solve this issue yet or if we just add Celtiberian merc units to the Iberians. Source: https://www.academia.edu/727108/_Montefortino-type_and_related_helmets_in_the_Iberian_Peninsula_a_study_in_archaeological_context_ Celtic (La Tène) items in the peninsula, squares are helmets, black circles are swords, light circles are shields and triangles are spearheads: Source:

For the textile / leather cap, how EBII depicted them: Cisalpine warriors from EBII: Armorican warriors from EBII: Germanic units from EBII:

It is an unique helmet found at Tintignac, votive offering. The helmet was symbolically killed and put in a hole with carnyx and others helmets (killed as well). Thus let's call it "Tintignac". Good job by the way. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintignac

If it helps you, the wire suspected to be this kind of headdress found in a burial in Germany:

From what I see there (a screenshoot of wackyserious), the spearhead seems correct. Is there only one? From my point of view, it is not very important, I have the feeling that most of the people won't notice a change on this aspect. If someone thinks it is good to add more variation, you can do one of the bigger spearhead or another spearhead you find interesting. From the schema you quoted or from these reconstitution:

For the size of the sword @Alexandermb

Between fifty and sixty centimeters for the scabbard and the blade is the average in middle La Tène. The Kirkburn sword of the Britons is a sixty cm scabbard for example. Thus the one you did should be ok with a sixty cm. Late La Tène swords can reach easily 80 centimeters. Edit: I think it is not necessary to make different scabbards for the Celts. In the game, it is hard to see that much the details as you said. You can keep it like this if you want. Just move it to the right side. No need for more details. Clearly yes, your model is nice. Better than I expected for this resolution. Bravo. Yep, he is right. Celts carry their sword on the right side.

The pigments used by Franck Mathieu (it is one of his re-enacted Cisalpine warrior for one of his book) are totally natural. By natural, I mean based on products you can find in the nature and very little chemistry involved (heating, mixing etc.). Is it historically accurate? Maybe not. Some products, although natural, are difficult to get depending of the region, like some specific minerals. Did they were enough trade to get them? We don't have enough evidence for this yet. The colors from this re-enacted warrior is a bit exaggerated by the saturation of the numeric picture yes indeed. Moreover, the pigments are fresh and everything is in a good state, little used. It is maybe the main problem with natural pigments: their durability. In fact it is really easy to get any color from natural plants and minerals, even purple. The problem is that their color and bright doesn't stay long with the humidity. The best and overpriced pigments were the ones that stay longer. Then yes, the colors are general too bright on re-enactors. In this case, a Cisalpine warrior, it is really possible to find this kind of crest on a Gallic warrior. There was quite a few Italic equipments found in the burials of Cisalpine Celts, even pilum. This kind of crest is also found on Celtiberian pottery. Probably they were not common on the whole continent for the Gauls. The attested typical Gallic crest are these: And very probably these kinds: