Genava55

From the Gallo-Roman period (2nd century AD I think) But I agree for the potteries. There also decorated bucket from the Late La Tène period. Roman amphora are as well attested on the Corent hemicycle, it is suspected they drank wine and ritually "killed" the amphora to seal the deal. I don't have any problem with the idea of stuff like barrels, potteries and buckets. Maybe just avoid the cliché of putting it everywhere like a messy place (under the rows/tiers for example, it has no sense).

Aura booster for the player units or even aura malus for enemies. The Carnyx were described as scarying the Mediterranean troops when they are not used to hear it. Maybe the soundtrack used by EB2 could be used, they have carnyx playing as battle soundtrack. Maybe it is in the CC license. I need to check. Edit: it is actually a soundtrack from John Kenny. I don't know if they got his permission. Edit2: http://www.twcenter.net/forums/showthread.php?702760-Celtic-Campaign-Theme-(music) Mmm, yeah why not. Maybe a boost related to the number of civic centers owned by the players. The historical justification is an increase of pagus and civitas (territories) under the authority of the assembly as vassals and clients. An increase of tribute as a consequence.

Fair point. This assembly can have different purposes but most of the idea are already used in the game: heroes recruitment, territory extension, increasing capture resistance nearby and military upgrades research for examples. In my mind, it could have been the place to recruit clientship units of the late La Tène period (archers, ambactos etc.) or to research their upgrades enabling them. But as an innovative idea, I see the possibility to produce some standard-bearers or some carnyx players.

It is not that bad. Wicker is an interesting idea I think. It is very easy to embellish a wicker construction, with pattern, different woods or painting. The shape yes. The shield boss should be in iron to be more accurate. I wonder if the shield hanging around is not making the environment messy. The boar-standard is definitely proven: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanglier-enseigne_gaulois Spear-standard, horse-standard and bull-standard are also seriously suspected. http://reproductioncelte.centerblog.net/112-enseigne-lance-gauloise A building I suggest to call Remogantion, the assembly of the princes. Representing the assembly of the Gallic "senators" mentioned by Caesar. It could be the building for the recruitment of the champion cav unit and maybe some others late units.

En gros, est-ce que tu voudrais rajouter des objets pour embellir le bâtiment ou remplir la scène? For example, the Roman account the importance of military standard to make an oath. Maybe we can display some military standards known for the Gauls, maybe a few carnyx as well. It is just an idea I throw around.

It seems nice like this. How is the back side? Not looking too much empty? I know they put something to cover the stairs in the 3D model but I don't think it will fit with your general design. And what is your own opinion? Do want something to enhance the ambient (artistic pattern, pottery, or any other goods)?

Seems correct to me, only the name missing for binaries/data/mods/public/simulation/templates/template_structure_special_rotarymill.xml

Thus the second version for the Gallic roster, with a basic swordsman infantry have the preference?

Thanks for your feedback. The Gallic archer can be an upgrade of the slingers, similar to the upgrade in one of the hellenistic faction. If it is not difficult to code. Like this there is only one long ranged unit and it follows an evolution backed by the historical records. If the Gauls have a basic foot swordsman and a basic sword cav and the Britons have a naked swordsman and a champion foot swordsman, is it ok? If not we can maybe put the caledonians as a normal swordsman units for the town phase and not as a naked special unit. Thus cheaper. For the Gallic cav champion, sword or lance are both possible. Historically they used both.

Hi! It is nice to have someone with experience on this subject. Thank you. Well, you are right on the relationship between both accounts. But the timespan and the geographical contexts are quite different, 3rd c. BC to 2nd c. AD for the Xiongnu empire and 3rd to 5th c. AD for the Huns in Europe. The Huns of Attila are not exactly the same than the Xiongnu faced by Han Wudi (Liu Che). The situation is similar for the Hepthalites Huns, there are some differences and cultural exchange. Especially in the case of multiethnic empire. I think it is why it was thought to make two factions. The use of the haplogroup Q-M242 is a bit difficult in Europe because Germans are carrying a few percent of this haplogroup. As you pointed out, this haplogroup is a feature from the Palaeolithic and it has spread through the Arctic cultures as well. Thus in Scandinavia too. We find today from 2 to 4% in the Swedish and Norwegian population. But you are right, there is a signal of the Xiongnu in the genome of some burials in Tian Shian for the 3rd/4th century AD. Indicating a migration (and some mixing as well). The Han records some battles against the Xiongnu where they used numerous infantrymen, for example the battle of Mobei. Do you have some information on the status and equipment of these men? Are they Han chineses? Zhao Xin is noted to have built a fortress, do you have any information on this building?

Here some proposition https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_currency#/media/File:Aes_Signatum.jpg Janus double-face from a Aes grave: https://img.ma-shops.com/goduto/pic/906_z_712_ae_grave.jpg Open hands from an Aes grave: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Aes_Grave_Quadrans3.jpg

Cool ! You can look to the Lisnacrogher sword and to the Clonoura shield for references to help you. It could be a spear. Indeed, there are some hugh spearheads found for the La Tène Gauls, even of the size of a sword for one found in Belgium. But the Roman accounts talk about a sword as well. However, I don't think it is really important, what is their characteristics is their swift tactic unexpected by most of their enemy. Even by the Parthian Cataphracts. It should be hard to create a new animation if we want to follow the two descriptions of the Romans (dismounting and stabbing from below). Maybe keeping it simple for the moment with a lance-cavalry unit is enough. It is there it got interesting. We can use this unit to introduce some germanic features from the Bastarnae, the Tencteri and the Batavi. For example, in the region of the Eburones/Batavi, there is a Celtic helmet of the type Port found there and a horn possibly from another helmet, probably posterior of the Gallic Wars: There is the Bastarnae warrior with a bear cloak and claws necklace: https://balkancelts.wordpress.com/2017/01/29/the-bear-claw-warrior-burial-of-a-celto-scythian-bastarnae-horseman-from-mana-orhei-district-moldava/ A bear cloak was found in south Britain as well, therefore it is possible that this custom was shared by a few Celts. There is also the Gelduba/Krefeld helmet from the Batavi in the 1st century AD: Then we can use a Gallic basis with Celtic cloth and celtic cape and adding a few germanic elements, maybe for the advanced and elite version if the unit is not a champion. Edit: example:

Illustration of how I see these possibilities. The Gallic roster V1: The Gallic roster V2: The Brittonic roster:

I edited the previous message. More precisely, the language is the continental p-Celtic mostly based on the Gaulish but with some inclusions of the Brythonic which is thought to be very close at this time (pre-Roman era). The whole references for each word and each roots?

https://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Coinage/

celt_helmet_berru: 500 to 350 BC approximately, some of them are much decorated, most not. During this period, it is expected to be a helmet of higher status, found in aristocratic burials sometimes. All of them are known exclusively in bronze. celt_helmet_marne : Berru is in the region of Marne. It should be the same typology. Most of them were found in this region, but other were found in Europe Central, the most eastern is at Turocz in Hungary. What is called a Marne helmet is in fact a early Montefortino from Celtic tradition.  celt_helmet_agris: Western France, 350 BC. Very decorated helmet. For a hero like Brennos it is a good idea. (suggestion) celt_helmet_amfreville: Northwest France, 250 BC. Very decorated helmet. For a hero like Viridomarus it is possible (suggestion) celt_helmet_canosa: Italy, 400-300 BC. Very decorated helmet. For a hero like Brennos it is a good idea. celt_helmet_ciumesti_raven: Eastern Europe (Romania), second half of the 3rd century BC. For a hero like Viridomarus it is possible. celt_helmet_montefortino: Most common helmets, general typology used by the Etruscans, the Romans, the Gauls and even some Iberians (region of Catalonia). 400 to 200 BC. The evolution of the typology is difficult and poorly done by previous researchers (too many different interpretation and naming). There are iron and bronze examples of this typology. It should be the most common helmets in the Gallic roster. celt_helmet_ciumesti or celt_helmet_castelrotto: second half of the 3rd century BC to the end of the second century BC. Late variante of the Montefortino helmet. I think it is only an iron type. The main difference is in the cheek-protection attachment. A common helmet for the gallic roster. celt_helmet_port: I don't know why it is called classical coolus by Alexander. It is a helmet we found from 60 to 20 BC in France and in Switzerland with some variants in Eastern Europe. Should be a higher grade helmet. Gallic champion cavalry or infantry. Or elite version of gallic normal cavalry. celt_helmet_alesia: 1st century BC. Most common iron helmets found during this century, in France and in Switzerland. The Agen type is a variant with a crest holder but Alexander added some features from the Forêt de Rouvray helmet (the wave border at the level of the cheek protection). For advanced units version? (suggestion) celt_helmet_foret: Only three helmets of this typology are known, found in Northern France, dated to the 1st century BC. Two variants, forêt de Rouvray and forêt de Louviers. Maybe an higher grade helmet but it isn't sure. Same utilisation as the Alesia and Port types is possible. (suggestion) celt_helmet_boe: 60-30 BC helmet in iron. Found in a rich burial of a gallic cavalryman serving the army of Rome as an auxiliary, southern France. For cavalry champion. celt_helmet_coolus_mannheim: 1st century BC, found in France, in Germany, in Switzerland and in Italy. There are two types, the coolus which is the light version and the mannheim which is the heavy version. The latter is thought to have been developed by the Romans both the Gallic auxiliaries and for the Caesarian legions during the Gallic Wars. A coolus example was found in Britain, I suggest to use it for the Britons. To my knowledge, all the Coolus and Mannheim helmets are in bronze. celt_helmet_meyrick helmet: Also known as the cap jockey helmet. The Meyrick helmet is dated from the 1st century AD, but I similar piece were found in the Balkans from the end of the 1st century BC in a Celtic related burial. Bronze helmets. celt_helmet_waterloo: River Thames, Southern Britain. Mid-Late La Tene. For a Briton Hero definitely.

gaul_barracks.xml, Coriosedlon, "Seat of the army" (personal construction) gaul_blacksmith.xml, Gobanion, Blacksmith gaul_civil_centre.xml, Lissos, Palace or royal residence gaul_corral.xml, Cagion, Corral gaul_defense_tower.xml, Uxelon, "High-place" or "high-building" (personal construction) gaul_dock.xml, Counos, Dock gaul_farmstead.xml, Buta, Farmstead, barn or pigsty gaul_field.xml, Olca, Field gaul_fortress.xml, Dunon, Fortress gaul_house.xml, Tegia, House gaul_market.xml, Magos, Market gaul_outpost.xml, Antosolicon, "which-watches-the-border" (personal construction) **gaul_range.xml, Budinadon, "Field of the troop" (personal construction) gaul_rotarymill.xml, Brauon, Mill gaul_sentry_tower.xml, Uxelon, "High-place" or "high-building" (personal construction) **gaul_stable.xml, Eposton, Stables gaul_storehouse.xml, Capanon, Storehouse or hut gaul_tavern.xml, -, Tavern gaul_temple.xml, Nemeton, Sanctuary gaul_wall_gate.xml, Duoricos, Gate gaul_wall_long.xml, Rate, Wall gaul_wall_medium.xml, Rate, Wall gaul_wall_short.xml, Rate, Wall gaul_wall_tower.xml, Uxelon, "High-place" or "high-building" (personal construction) gaul_wallset_stone.xml, Rate, Wall gaul_wonder.xml, Stonehenge, Wonder **gaul_workshop.xml, Miletucerdon, "Workshop-for-the-destruction" or "Workshop-for-the-war" (personal construction) brit_barracks.xml, Coriosessa, "Seat of the army" (personal construction, variant with a more common root in Brythonic) brit_blacksmith.xml, Gobanion, Blacksmith brit_civil_centre.xml, Tigernotreba, Habitat of the ruler/lord (personal construction) brit_corral.xml, Cagion, Corral brit_crannog.xml, Cranogion, Island Settlement brit_defense_tower.xml, Uxelon, "High-place" or "high-building" (personal construction) brit_dock.xml, Counos, Dock brit_farmstead.xml, Buta, Farmstead, barn or pigsty brit_field.xml, Olca, Field brit_fortress.xml, Dunon, Fortress brit_house.xml, Tegia, House brit_kennel.xml, Cunattegia, "hut of the dog" (personal construction) brit_market.xml, Magos, Market brit_outpost.xml, Antosolicon, "which-watches-the-border" (personal construction) **brit_range.xml, Budinadon, "Field of the troop" (personal construction) brit_rotarymill.xml, Melonas, Mill brit_sentry_tower.xml, Uxelon, "High-place" or "high-building" (personal construction) **brit_stable.xml, Eposton, Stables brit_storehouse.xml, Capanon, Storehouse or hut brit_temple.xml, Nemeton, Sanctuary brit_wall_gate.xml, Duoricos, Gate brit_wall_long.xml, Rate, Wall brit_wall_medium.xml, Rate, Wall brit_wall_short.xml, Rate, Wall brit_wall_tower.xml, Uxelon, "High-place" or "high-building" (personal construction) brit_wallset_stone.xml, Rate, Wall brit_wonder.xml, Stonehenge, Wonder **brit_workshop.xml, Miletucerdon, "Workshop-for-the-destruction" or "Workshop-for-the-war" (personal construction) Proposal: Gaul: Feast-center, Celicnon "Feast sanctuary" Gaul: Hemicycle, Remogantion "assembly of the princes" (personal construction) Gaul: Monument, Mediolanon "Central place" Briton: Comardrigantion "assembly of the comrade of the high-king" (personal construction) Briton: Monument, Cantalon "Circular monument" I use mostly the Delamarre’s dictionary of the Gaulish language. But honestly, I have to made up some words because they are not known or they haven't existed at all. I try to avoid the most possible to build some name from different words but I haven't the choice sometimes. I didn't translate the taverne because the whole idea of a taverne as something characteristic of the Gauls bothers me. I suggested new buildings but it is up the team to accept it or not.

I agree. More generally, I am against any reconstruction exclusively based on PIE. I do not believe anything stay the same after several millennia, use and meaning vary a lot even at short timescale. I prefer a word already known or at least based on attested roots in use among the Celts. Either we use something related to the word Telmis (sling): Telmicos/Telmiuicos combatant using the sling. Inspired from the name of the Ordovices (Ordo (mace) + uicos). Either we use another word like Talanos (supportive person), Talaconios (supportive warrior) or Talassos (who-stands-in-support). I think the weapon is used by all the Celts since the beginning. By the way, sheeps, goats and pigs are the most common species among the Gauls. In La Tène archeology, cattle and horses are indicative of a higher social status (more often in the meal of warriors and nobles). I think the description from Caesar should be put into the context of the end of the La Tène civilization. Since the mid-2nd century BC, a huge boom of urbanization and of currency development was transforming the Gallic societies and it must be expected some differences between those seen by Caesar and those seen by Pytheas. To be precise, Caesar said the ruling class is a warrior class and he used the word “equites” to describe them, generally translated as knights in English. It fits perfectly in the evolution of a sword type getting longer, suggesting a preference for fighting mounted among the warrior class. However, Caesar differentiate nobles and knights in his accounts. It seems to have a complex hierarchy at this time, with even what is described as magistrates and senators for the Roman view. Thus, it is likely a warlike aristocracy that rules the modest and poor population but not necessarily only nobles. Several Gallic leaders during the wars are described as from modest condition in comparison to others nobles. The serfdom like population is similar to slaves in right according to Caesar: The levy seems to include sometimes slaves: Caesar distinguish freemen bonds by clientship and serfs/slaves: Vercingetorix planned a clear logistical project to arm the levy: The levy of every men seems to be something exceptional and extreme, even during the crisis of Alesia: For the rare accounts about the sword, one is suggesting it is a common weapon: If we check the numbers given by Caesar, the Helvetii, whom are in migration, have 92000 men that could bear arms over a total of 368000 persons. The Bellovaci had an army of 100000 armed men including 60000 men they picked for their quality to participate to the coalition against Caesar. From an archeological perspective during this period: “Highly technical pieces (swords, scabbards) coexist with a large quantity of mediocre pieces (hast weapons), following a phenomenon independent of the degree of general wealth of the burial.” According to Gérard Bataille (archeologist from INRAP). As you can see, the subject is far more complex than a simple duality between nobles and serfs. There was probably a gradient of different vassalage status among the common people, from the slaves to the clients. Their numbers, their roles and their recruitment during a war are barely known. Other accounts from the classical authors give them various roles, most often as servants and squires. Are they also combatants like the Lacedemonian Helots or are they exclusively valets like the slaves in most of the Greek armies? The question of their equipment cannot be answered without knowing the status of the people levied in the army. Therefore, I cannot say that all the vassals could have a sword but during the war it seems that most of the combatants are correctly equipped and a sword is not that much a rare weapon. The proto-state or government from the Gallic senates and nobles are able to produce and distribute weapons for the levy in case of emergency. In my opinion, the common view of the sword being a weapon of the nobles is a cliché. If we took the numbers from the Helvetii and the Bellovaci, we have a ratio of 1 correctly equipped warrior to 6 persons in the population (368000/60000 = 6.1). Which is comparable to a Greek polis for hoplite. During the Gallic Wars, the horse seems to be the true feature of the Gallic aristocracy and nobility. Probably cuirasses and armors as well. As a final blow against this view, I will remind the existence of «currency bars» in iron as trading goods. Some of these bars seem to be perfectly pre-shaped to produce swords. We have found several hundreds of them in total, both in France and in Britain. - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44324700_Un_nouveau_depot_de_lingots_de_fer_de_La_Tene_finale_Bretteville-sur-Odon_Calvados - http://hist-met.org/images/pdf/hmsdatasheet08.pdf - https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vincent_Serneels/publication/292398892_Mines_et_metallurgies_en_Gaule_a_la_fin_de_l'age_du_Fer_et_a_l'epoque_romaine/links/5718c75f08ae986b8b7a48ce.pdf - https://chaat.hypotheses.org/files/2015/12/JE-depots-nov-2015-MPCOUSTURES.pdf - http://aquitania.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/_jumi/pdf/1275.pdf Caesar, 5, 12: As currency, they use coins in copper or in gold, or iron ingots of a fixed weight (Utuntur aut aere, aut nummo aureo, aut taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis pro nummo). I am not saying that we should create necessarily a basic infantry unit with a sword, the spears and the javelins are as much common as the sword in the panoply and are complementary weapons. There is a lot of room for choices in the Gallic roster because: 1 it is really hard to give a proper representation of a warrior society in a video game; 2 there are some regional variations; 3 there is more than 4 centuries of evolution in the La Tène civilization. The normal panoply for a Gallic warrior is a shield, a sword and a spear or a long javelin. This is the constant criteria from the beginning to the end. The society is based on clientelism, vassalage and retinue. It is generally viewed that the beginning of La Tène war structure is based on chieftains and nobles initiatives, with their retinues armed by them. The warrior burials are more dominated by beautiful items like the Gorge Meillet and the Warcq burials. Afterward, the warrior class seems to be more egalitarian, with bigger warbands and simplier and more frequent weapons. This is probably caused by an increase in the mercenaries demand in the Mediterranean world. During this period, the warrior class is more based on a lifestyle than on birth because we find several burials with lower wealth and from various origins. It is during this period that the Celts go in the direction of the Balkans and that the Eastern warlike culture like the Przeworsk are starting to appear. Warbands are more diverse both in wealth and in origins. Interestingly, it is also from the swords of this period that Pleiner notes a decrease in the quality of the steel which is interpreted as an increasing demand of cheap weapons. Maybe possessing a sword was mandatory in the La Tène society for a warrior. It is maybe what motivated richer warriors to possess horses to rise in the social hierarchy and exchanges with the Mediterranean world have made them cheaper and better (in size especially). The development of the oppida and of the economy gave a new impulse to the structural change in the Gallic society as we saw much more light weapons in the burials and in sanctuaries (javelins and arrows). The swords increase both in quality and in size and are less dependent of the wealth of their possessors. Horses become the symbol of the ruling class as it very often depicted on coins and that we found horsemen burials more often. Maybe this period seen the apparition of levied battalions from the productive class, but I think it is more related to the apparition of senate-like political structure. I think it is the clients that are becoming more and more important and maybe they were armed by the proto-state of their ruling class. I do not think the levying of the poors and of the slaves were the norm. It is possible to keep the actual structure with a spearman infantry in the village phase, a sword champion and a cavalry champion in the city phase. But it could be also possible to remove totally the sword champion and to gives to the Gauls a basic sword infantry and only one champion cavalry units.

@Nescio I did a list in the past in this thread for the buildings. I can do the rest one day for all the units and others buildings if it is necessary: https://wildfiregames.com/forum/index.php?/topic/24495-celtic-reference/&do=findComment&comment=360969 https://wildfiregames.com/forum/index.php?/topic/24495-celtic-reference/&do=findComment&comment=360975

The difficulty in this case is more about that nothing is converging to a single root in PIE. Latin, Greek, Germanic languages and Slavic languages use different roots for the slings. I am not a linguist thus I do not know why they do not use something related to the old Breton “Talmorion” with this supposed evolution for the word sling: *Telksmis (PIE) => *Telmis (Proto-Celtic) => Telm/Talm in medieval Celtic. Maybe because the word Talmorion is related to the Roman army in Aremorica during the 5th century AD. Maybe I do not know some flaws about it. Yep, I suggested this because it should be better to keep the light-cavalry to the Britons. And it could be a nice difference between the two rosters. Since the Gauls have a very strong cavalry, mostly developed later, we can limit it for the post-village phases. It is possible as well. I proposed this because the Gauls and the Germans share this use of an irregular cavalry where they can fight both on foot and mounted. There are even accounts of mixed formation of horsemen and footmen griping the horse of their comrade to keep the pace. The accounts of Plutarch for the Gauls at Carrhae describe them as lightly armed after the piece I quoted. It is why I suggested a special cavalry with anti-cavalry bonus. It could be moved in the town phase as well. If it is accepted, I have some idea to mix some elements from the Bastarnae to make it nice and enjoyable. Only a suggestion to balance the roster. I know that some people want to nerf the Celtic factions. In addition, it is better to have different rosters for the Britons and the Gauls. In the historical accounts, the sword is often mentioned for the Gauls, the Galatians and the Britons. But it is difficult to tell how reliable are these accounts. From an archeological perspective, there is a few statistics. For the end of the fourth century to the half of the third century BC, 96% of the warrior burials in the upper half of France have a sword in it and 55% for the warrior burials in Hungary. For the sanctuaries from the fourth to the second century BC, the swords are always the most frequent weapons, with a peak during the second half of the third century BC: three swords for one spearhead. The reasons for this importance of the sword in the fourth and third century is the appearance of two different types and two different panoplies. In the burials of the end of the fourth and third century, the long-sword is always combined with a spearhead but it exists a slightly shorter version with a larger ferrule/chape at the end of the scabbard that is found without any spears in the burials. However, the interpretation of these statistics is difficult. The swords are clearly more frequent on the continent than in the Isles but it could be caused by different burial tradition. You can see the differences between the two panoplies below:

Witham shield Grimthorpe Shield Article about this shield: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333430436_The_Grimthorpe_Shield_Object_or_Assemblage Other patterns:

Here the arrangement and modification to order them like a tree as suggested by @Nescio I uploaded it to the first post of the thread: I realized I didn't put the war dogs for the Britons. It could be added as well but I don't want to overcrowd/overload the roster. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs_of_Roman_Britain About the Epouanos, the horse-killer from the Gauls. It comes mainly from these two accounts: Edit: Bonus. If you really want a two-handed swordsman, for the Indians: Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri: Book VIII (Indica), XVI. The Indians wear linen garments, as Nearchus says, the linen coming from the trees of which I have already made mention. This linen is either brighter than the whiteness of other linen, or the people's own blackness makes it appear unusually bright. They have a linen tunic to the middle of the calf, and for outer garments, one thrown round about their shoulders, and one wound round their heads. They wear ivory ear-rings, that is, the rich Indians; the common people do not use them. Nearchus writes that they dye their beards various colours; some therefore have these as white-looking as possible, others dark, others crimson, others purple, others grass-green. The more dignified Indians use sunshades against the summer heat. They have slippers of white skin, and these too made neatly; and the soles of their sandals are of different colours, and also high, so that the wearers seem taller. Indian war equipment differs; the infantry have a bow, of the height of the owner; this they poise on the ground, and set their left foot against it, and shoot thus; drawing the bowstring a very long way back; for their arrows are little short of three cubits, and nothing can stand against an arrow shot by an Indian archer, neither shield nor breastplate nor any strong armour. In their left hands they carry small shields of untanned hide, narrower than their bearers, but not much shorter. Some have javelins in place of bows. All carry a broad scimitar, its length not under three cubits; and this, when they have a hand-to-hand fight -- and Indians do not readily fight so among themselves -- they bring down with both hands in smiting, so that the stroke may be an effective one. Their horsemen have two javelins, like lances, and a small shield smaller than the infantry's. The horses have no saddles, nor do they use Greek bits nor any like the Celtic bits, but round the end of the horses' mouths they have an untanned stitched rein fitted; in this they have fitted, on the inner side, bronze or iron spikes, but rather blunted; the rich people have ivory spikes; within the mouth of the horses is a bit, like a spit, to either end of which the reins are attached. Then when they tighten the reins this bit masters the horse, and the spikes, being attached thereto, @#$% the horse and compel it to obey the rein.

Yes you can try something like this. The only certainty in the archeological finds is that there wasn't any roof with a lot of weight. Try to do a thatched roof (or straw roof) that doesn't make it too much "peasant" like. Only something to cover against the sun.

Sorry, I am really busy this month. You are totally right, thank you. I will do it. Ok, I will arrange it like this. Do not hesitate to criticize even this aspect, they are suggestions as well. No. The word for the sling or the slinger is not known in Gaulish, it is debated. The word I used come from EBII and it is clearly a reconstruction from a suspected proto-indo-european root with some features of the celtic languages. But since the new version of EBII that has come out the last month, they have changed again the name of the celtic slinger. Even so they have some very good linguists, it seems to be a difficult subject. Your logic is flawless. Iron rusts and it is clearly more difficult to preserve it. I will even add that the iron scabbards are even fragile, they flex easily when the sword is not in it. Clearly a possible problem during a battle. BUT We have found hundreds and hundreds of scabbards in Europe, most of them are in iron, some are in bronze or bronze+iron. None are in leather. Sheath in wood are found but only during the Gallo-roman period, indicated a transfer of roman technology like the sheath of Stanwick. Just an example with the location of La Tène in the Lake of Neuchâtel in Switzerland, we have found 120 scabbards. None of them were in leather or in wood while the conditions were good enough to preserve numerous wooden tools and dishes. Then when all the evidences say the contrary, even if the logic is good, we must admit that the assumption is incorrect. In fact the reason is known, we are modern peoples with a modern mind focusing on efficiency. We should not forget that the weapons have other meanings than killing tools. These objects have a lot of cultural meaning and they fit in a society with a hierarchy and strict rules. Here are the tools and other objects in wood from La Tène (some are replica from casting plaster):

For the elite cavalryman and elite infantryman, you can add hexagonal shields if you want. This shape become attested since the 1st century BC.