Genava55

Ok. Thx for your opinion and I agree. About the Britons, I really think there is a card to play with body painting and decorated shields to distinguish the ranks. I also think that their lack of armor (in comparison with the Gauls) could be compensated by an unique tech like the woad body painting exaggerating the medicinal properties of the pigment, giving them a slow health regeneration.

Among Gauls, there are evidences for linothorax or leather armors during the 5th, 4th and 3rd century BC. It seems to be quite common among elite because of the widespread representation of this kind of protection on different material from different regions. Possibly, it could have been an affordable protection for the cavalrymen because a scabbard with infantrymen and cavalrymen represented on it shows all the latter wearing those armors. They were higher class warriors so it could be plausible. Chain mail is becoming visible in burials around the 3rd century BC but it was quite rare and probably reserved to the elites. During the 1st century BC, production of chain mail seems to increase, probably because of a proto-industrialization with the factories starting to be specialized on different steps of the conception of weapons and adornments in general. But still, it would have been affordable to the higher members of the warrior class, maybe the cavalrymen in the 1st century BC were commonly using it. Helmets should have been a bit more common than the body protection, especially with simpler designs like the Coolus. Among Britons, a few chain mails have been found. Five at my knowledge, at Kirkburn, Lexden, Folly Lane, Baldock and Hayling Island. Like on the continent, it seems affordable for the elites. But there is no evidence for leather armor or linothorax. For the helmets, only a few have been found and some are related to Roman auxiliaries. However, highly decorated adornments, decorated shields and decorated scabbards were more common on the British Isles proportionally (although it could be due to a bias in the burial practice and a bias in the way archeology is performed in Britain in comparison with France and Germany). Edit: recent chapter Interesting reading Cavalry javelinists should be higher than average warriors. The concept of cavalry javelinists is often flawed by the unconscious comparison with the light infantry (ie generally poorer people) but actually light cavalry wasn't of the same status than the light infantry, even among classical civilizations. It is simply the use of body armor that is less useful for light cavalry (anyway the exposed part to missiles is the horse itself). I think it is not impossible that an elite Celtic cavalryman fighting with javelins could afford a body armor, furthermore because no evidences suggest clear defined tactical roles for Celtic cavalry. The possibility that Celtic cavarlymen were able to fulfill both light and heavy roles on the battlefield shouldn't be discarded. However, 0AD is a game with its own mechanics so it is ok to differentiate the two roles with two units.

Edit: Meme

Thx I forgot them. But since there are already two factions with this feature, what do you think of my proposal for the Gauls? If others have opinion, feel free to express it here.

@wowgetoffyourcellphone @Nescio I have a few questions about how you would like quick visual identification of the units. What do you think about the shield shape evolving according to the experience (basic, advanced, elite)? Initially I made suggestion with the shape changing accordingly but I think now it is not necessarily a good idea. I am thinking to propose something more restrictive on the shield shape for each unit. For example a Gallic Spearman using only oval and tall shields, Gallic Skirmisher using only square and medium shields and Gallic Swordsman using hexagonal and tall shields. Maybe we could simply use shield bosses, capes, helmets and adornments to distinguish the experienced units. For the Britons, shield decoration and tattooes can be an additional way to distinguish the experienced units. Finally, about the roster I am thinking about the early phase and how to not break the balance by adding swordsmen too early. For the moment the Romans have the particularity of having early swordsmen. Maybe we could give to the Gauls an early sword cavalry to make the faction more unique to play and without early slinger or early light cavalry : Village phase: Gallic Woman Gallic Fishing Boat Gallic Spearman Gallic Javelinist Gallic Cavalry Swordsman While the Britons could have a more classical roster with more diversity and even the war dog early: Village phase: Britonnic Woman Britonnic Fishing Boat Britonnic Spearman Britonnic Slinger Britonnic Cavalry Javelinist Britonnic War Dog I think the early game is where the things can be messed up by making a faction too strong but it is as well an important feature of the Gauls to be strong in the early game (probably a reference to their historical spread early). In the town phase, the roster for the Gauls could be more diverse without overpowered units: Town phase: Gallic Healer Gallic Merchant Ship Gallic Trader Gallic Slinger Gallic Naked Spearman Gallic Cavalry Javelinist Gallic War Barge The naked spearman fanatic is not really that strong I think and at this point the Gallic roster is more stable, the naked spearman is there instead of a spear cavalry. While in the Britons, the town phase could include a cavalry spearman. Although, I am really in favor of adding a naked swordsman to Britons (a reference to the Caledonians and the Picts), I don't want to break the balance because a swordsman moving that fast could be quite strong. Maybe it should be kept for the city phase and instead the Celtic Chariot should be include more early. The role of the chariot could be more suited to the second phase and I really hope it could be used as battle-taxi for another unit. Thus something like this: Town phase: Britonnic Healer Britonnic Merchant Ship Britonnic Trader Britonnic Cavalry Spearman Britonnic Chariot Britonnic War Barge Then in the third phase, it should be more acceptable to give better units since both factions are lacking siege engines (excepted the ram). Unlocking archer and infantry swordsman for the Gauls could make them more resilient to the late phase. Their champion unit should be a cavalryman for the late phase. While the Britons could have their Caledonian/Pictish naked swordsman for the late game and even a swordsman champion in addition of a javelinist champion. City phase: Gallic Swordsman Gallic Archer Gallic Cavalry Spearman Champion Gallic Battering Ram (maybe a regional champion unit? like an Alpine Axeman) City phase: Britonnic/Ivernic Javelinist Champion Britonnic/Caledonian Naked Swordsman Britonnic Swordsman Champion Britonnic Battering Ram

Your welcome. I will remove the brackets by editing my message. Ok thanks for the info. One question, about the Catafalque, do you want a name for the thing in Gaulish? I will do something similar for future proposals, no problemo. Because the differences are mostly imperceptible during this period. Especially by using only the nominative case. In these words no, it doesn't seem to have indication for longer vowel length. When it is the case, it is generally noted by the linguists. My bad, by "longboat" I wanted to designate something that looks like a "log canoe". Like the bronze age models found. Actually this is not really the literal meaning, Longos probably meant simply ship in this context. My interpretation for this root is to designate these kinds of boat. It was not the resemblance that made me said this. I simply wanted to designate these kinds of boat. Although the case of the word Longo- is quite complex and could also involved different meaning associated to the topography.

Done. I edited my previous message.

Basically the huge majority should be changed, the current names for the Celtic units are mostly based on modern Celtic languages (for example modern Welsh). I made a list of names from my various proposals based on ancient Gaulish or old Celtic languages. Here a summary: Cingetos. Designate a member of the warrior class, litt. "those-who-walk-in-front". Catucos. Meaning combatant, from the root Catu-, fight. Batoros. Meaning "who-hit-hard" or "who-knocks", a fighter. Ambactos. Meaning "who-is-around", a satellite companion, a client or a servant. Not necessarily a low status since the word evolved in ambassador. Eporedos. Meaning a cavalryman or a knight. High-member of the warrior-class. Epossos. Meaning a cavalryman or a knight. High-member of the warrior-class. Marcacos. Meaning a cavalryman. The word Marcos is a synonym of Epos for the horse but could be used for a different type. Bagauda. Meaning combatant or bellicose, associated with rural revolts and brigands during the Roman Empire. Selgos. Meaning hunter. Telmiuicos. Meaning slinger from a reconstruction based on Telmi- for the sling and Uicos for victorious, which gives litt. "victorious-by-the-sling". Talmoris. From the Old Breton Talmorion equivalent of the Latin funditoribus, a dative plural word for Slinger. Bariogaisatos. Meaning "furious spearman", from the word Bario- (angry, furor) and the word Gaisa- (spear). Adretos. Meaning "who-runs-fast", an attacker. Comaterecos. Meaning patrician or senator. Agrocuna. Meaning war-dog or battle-dog. From Agro- (battle) in Gaulish and Cuna (Dog) in Primitive Irish. Epouanos. Meaning litt. "horse-killer". Soliduros. Attested word for the bodyguard of the Sotiates' King. Adscoros. Meaning attendant or retainer. Uerouicos. Meaning victorious warrior, great fighter, litt. "very-victorious". Uassos. Meaning servant or serf. Talanos. Meaning support or supportive person. Excingos. A attacker or a warrior, litt. "who-get-out-to-fight". Namantobogios. Meaning "smasher of enemies". Essedon. Attested word for the chariot in general. Used in the context of war chariot by the Romans. Argos. Meaning champion or noble. Caur. Old Irish for champion, same logic than in the Gaulish Cauaros, another word for champion. Changelog for the current rosters. [file name] ; [specific name i.e. native language] ; [generic name i.e. English equivalent in game] ; [literal meaning for future reference] ; [used language] brit_catafalque.xml ; Cassiuellaunos ; Catafalque ; Passionated Leader ; Gaulish brit_cavalry_javelinist_b.xml ; Marcacos ; Raiding Cavalry ; Horseman ; Gaulish brit_cavalry_swordsman_b.xml ; Eporedos ; Celtic Cavalry ; Cavalryman ; Gaulish brit_champion_cavalry.xml ; Essedon ; Celtic Chariot ; Chariot ; Gaulish brit_champion_infantry.xml ; Argos ; Celtic Champion ; Champion ; Gaulish brit_hero_boudicca.xml ; Boudica ; Hero Charioteer ; Victorious ; Gaulish brit_hero_caratacos.xml ; Caratacos ; Hero Swordsman ; Beloved ; Gaulish brit_hero_cunobelin.xml ; Cunobelinos ; Hero Cavalry Swordsman ; Strong as a Dog ; Gaulish brit_infantry_javelinist_b.xml ; Adretos ; Skirmisher ; Who-runs-fast ; Gaulish brit_infantry_slinger_b.xml ; Talmoris ; Celtic Slinger ; Slinger ; Old Breton brit_infantry_spearman_b.xml ; Catucos ; Celtic Spearman ; Combatant ; Gaulish brit_ship_fishing.xml ; Longos ; Fishing Boat ; Long Boat ; Gaulish brit_ship_merchant.xml ; Nauson ; Merchantman ; Ship ; Gaulish brit_ship_trireme.xml ; Pontos ; Medium Warship ; Ship ; Gaulish brit_siege_ram.xml ; Molton ; Battering Ram ; Ram ; Gaulish brit_support_female_citizen.xml ; Bena ; Celtic Woman ; Woman ; Gaulish brit_support_healer_b.xml ; Druid ; Healer ; Wise ; Gaulish brit_support_trader.xml ; Uogition ; Trader ; Carrier ; Gaulish brit_war_dog_b.xml ; Agrocuna ; War Dog ; Battle Dog ; Archaic Irish gaul_catafalque.xml ; Ambiorix ; Catafalque ; King in All Directions ; Gaulish gaul_cavalry_javelinist_b.xml ; Marcacos ; Raiding Cavalry ; Horseman ; Gaulish gaul_cavalry_swordsman_b.xml ; Eporedos ; Celtic Cavalry ; Cavalryman ; Gaulish gaul_champion_cavalry.xml ; Uerouicos ; Gallic Noble Cavalry ; Victorious Warrior ; Gaulish gaul_champion_fanatic.xml ; Bariogaisatos ; Naked Fanatic ; Furious Spearman ; Gaulish gaul_champion_infantry.xml ; Soliduros ; Celtic Champion ; Champion ; Gaulish gaul_hero_brennus.xml ; Brennos ; Hero Swordsman ; Commander ; Gaulish gaul_hero_vercingetorix.xml ; Uercingetorix ; Hero Cavalry Swordsman ; King of the Great Warriors ; Gaulish gaul_hero_viridomarus.xml ; Britomaros ; Hero Spearman ; With Great Discernment ; Gaulish gaul_infantry_javelinist_b.xml ; Adretos ; Skirmisher ; Who-runs-fast ; Gaulish gaul_infantry_slinger_b.xml ; Talmoris ; Celtic Slinger ; Slinger ; Old Breton gaul_infantry_spearman_b.xml ; Catucos ; Celtic Spearman ; Combatant ; Gaulish gaul_ship_fishing.xml ; Longos ; Fishing Boat ; Boat ; Gaulish gaul_ship_merchant.xml ; Nauson ; Merchantman ; Ship ; Gaulish gaul_ship_trireme.xml ; Pontos ; Medium Warship ; Ship ; Gaulish gaul_siege_ram.xml ; Molton ; Battering Ram ; Ram ; Gaulish gaul_support_female_citizen.xml ; Bena ; Celtic Woman ; Woman ; Gaulish gaul_support_healer_b.xml ; Druid ; Healer ; Wise ; Gaulish gaul_support_trader.xml ; Uogition ; Trader ; Carrier ; Gaulish

I want to add new interesting informations about the Emishi:

https://www.facebook.com/samara.parcarcheologique/ Photos:

Moreover, languages are borrowing differently the original names, sometimes adapting the word, sometimes not. Some stay the same like curriculum and curricula. Some stay basically the same like Samurai and Ninja. Although in Japanese they have the same form in plural than in singular, while in Western languages people have the tendency to made up a plural form. Others not, like hoplite (sing.) and hoplites (plu.) in French instead of hoplitēs (sing.) and hoplitai (plu.) in Greek. Or like legionary and legionaries in English, from Latin legionarius and legionarii.

The defense of the Ynys Môn (Anglesey)! Tacitus account: The druid helmet from the illustration is based on the Aylesford bucket.

This is the word "trader" in Welsh, it comes from cyfnewid, to trade. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cyfnewid C is pronounced like a K. The Y is not on the final syllable so it is pronounced A like in the English "ago".

Gaulish pronunciation is quite a complicated topic because it is hard to know where is the stress. Moreover, I am far from being a linguist. But this can help, the explanations are quite good: In the case of Miletucerdon, one of my personal approximate craft, the stress should be in the -cer- part probably. It should be read MEE-LE-TOO-KER-DON.

https://www.artstation.com/artwork/qAmrOa https://www.artstation.com/artwork/gJNNVG I love how he used this sword belt from Axel Guttman robbery collection. It really fits nicely to a Britonnic warrior! Edit: here is why I find this belt suits perfectly the Britonnic esthetic: https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/celtic-chariot-0011046 https://balkancelts.wordpress.com/2019/06/29/celtic-chariots-and-chariot-elements-from-wales/

Edit: actually I am not sure it was from the reforged edition.

Seriously? The only intelligent reason I see could be related to visibility and quick identification...

Carthaginian Mercenaries: Soldiers of Fortune,Allied Conscripts, and Multi-Ethnic Armies in Antiquity https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.ch/&httpsredir=1&article=1010&context=studentpubs Chapter 22 : Carthage and Numidia, 201–149 BC ; in A Companion to the Punic Wars https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781444393712.ch22 Numidian Kings and Numidian Garrisons during the Second Punic War: Coins and History https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Potestas/article/download/301105/390561 How monetarized was Numidian society in Antiquity? https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/58811955/Maria_Cristina_Nicolau_Kormikiari.pdf?response-content-disposition=inline%3B filename%3DHow_monetarized_was_Numidian_society_in.pdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A%2F20200120%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20200120T195522Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=e37007445be39f4b82d91100909daefa763cc2e42aee232134762320f05b99c8 La relación de Cartago con los Mauri del África Occidental (Marruecos) http://ojs.unica.it/index.php/caster/article/download/2478/2215 EL MUNDO INDÍGENA Y ROMA EN EL MARRUECOS ANTIGUO: LA RELIGIÓN DURANTE LOS PERÍODOS PRERROMANO Y ROMANO https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/16868190/http___hera.ugr.es_tesisugr_15472954.PDF?response-content-disposition=inline%3B filename%3DEl_mundo_indigena_y_Roma_en_el_Marruecos.pdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A%2F20200120%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20200120T200247Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=a34f5080c71b3083b33b760db710e63fc1129cf19d1931944218a271fd023e50

https://www.deviantart.com/dewitteillustration/art/Reconstruction-of-North-Bersted-helmet-50BC-807452367

At least after the players would have played AoE4 for years, they won't be destabilized when they will see it implemented in 0AD.

There are arguments in favor like the fact that Gallic leaders could be druid. The irish mythology is full of characters with a mixed role as priest and warrior, often labelled by the two names. But for example during the attack on Ynys Môn, the druids do not seem to defend themselves. Moreover druids were exempt of military service, so probably they weren't usually skilled warriors. Although it is probable they had the right to bear arms and ride horses.

Why not. Could be a discount in wood and metal, Gauls made a few type of pre-manufactured bars, easier to trade and to process. The other thing interesting I see is the invention of the reaper by the Gauls: There was a lot of mineral resources in Britain, it boomed during the Roman Empire but mostly because the resources weren't exploited before (Romans have bring hydraulic mining with hushing). Although, yes Britons were good with tin trading, good at working with bronze and gold. Since there was some trading and merchant connection on the Atlantic facade, maybe a bonus especially for maritime trade. Otherwise, a huge part of the Iron Age society there, was cattle and pasturing.