Genava55

International articles on wikipedia have metric first. Since we are dealing with the history of Europe, Africa and Asia, it is better suited to have metric first at least. For example, on the wikipedia page of ancient rome: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome

Due to historical and archaeological evidence, the rotary mill has been removed for the Gauls and Britons.

New alpha of Pax Augusta

I have given my opinion based on the evidence but adding the onager is only a slight divergence from historical accuracy. It is not that bad. So yes. Thats ok. I am not sure an imperial civ will happen in vanilla, due to stubborness, but we can accept this solution.

Reposting this article about different color and shade resulting from various alloys of bronze and different patina. https://exarc.net/issue-2017-2/ea/colour-palette-antique-bronzes-experimental-archaeology-project I made a table with the RGB conversion from the munsell code, this shows the natural colors of different alloys:

Translating ancient Greek precisely is difficult, the exact meaning is often uncertain. Horace White (1899) gives: "Archelaus planted another great tower on the wall opposite the Roman tower and these two assailed each other, discharging all kinds of missiles constantly until Sulla, by means of his catapults, each of which discharged twenty of the heaviest leaden balls at one volley, had killed a large number of the enemy, and had so shaken the tower of Archelaus that it was rendered untenable, and the latter was compelled, by fear of its destruction, to draw it back with all speed." While Philippe Remacle (2010) gives : "Archelaus placed another large tower on the wall opposite the Roman tower, and these two towers fought each other, throwing all sorts of darts incessantly until Sulla, thanks to his catapults which launched twenty leaden balls very heavy each time, killed a large number of enemies and caused the tower of Archelaus to wobble, which it rendered unstable, and Archelaus was obliged, for fear of its collapse, to withdraw it quickly to the rear." It is unclear from the original text if the catapults are throwing twenty balls each time as a whole (one volley of all the machines), or if each catapults are throwing twenty balls every time they are firing (one volley of each machines). However, from the context, I think it is more coherent they are firing 20 lead balls together (one volley of all the machines) as they are weakening the tower.

The argument from Rihll is that the glandes would have been associated to the onager because it looks like a sling and glandes are the name of sling ammunitions. But I strongly disagree. I think it is simply Sulla using lithoboloi with lead projectiles. As Appian could not say that Sulla threw "lead stones" against the tower, he used a word he was familiar with for ammunition made out of lead. Two-armed torsion catapults are generally much better and more precise. It can throw projectiles of more than 70 kg.

Thats not only you, I would prefer an additional Principate faction too. With distinctive features like the segmentata and the onager for them.

You can include two reforms, one from Marius and one from Augustus. The last one introducing the lorica segmentata and the onager. Happy?

The whole article is reviewing the claims of Rihll and is concluding there is little support for it. Personally I am not convinced by the idea that 'glandes' could only have been thrown by Onagers. Honestly I think you are having a confirmation bias in this case, cherry-picking anything supporting its use. While most specialists on the topics expressed the opposing view.

Campbell-ANCIENTCATAPULTSHypotheses-2011 (1).pdf

As far as I remember, people were still objecting the idea to go beyond the Punic Wars for the Romans, notably @Thorfinn the Shallow Minded So I doubt they would like to mix the Principate period into the current Roman civ. I suppose you are thinking of the Pax Romana concept. Be careful do not confuse this idea with peacefulness. Pax Romana means a period without civil wars and without invasions within the Roman Empire. During the Pax Romana, Rome had multiple wars and invaded multiple people. Including Britons, Germans, Dacians, Parthians, Jews etc. The lack of records is simply due to the lack of surviving material. Most of the material from the classical period survived because medieval monks trained themselves with ancient authors, to learn Latin and Greek.

The earliest accounts are Ammianus Marcellinus (4th century AD) and Vegetius (end of 4th c. and beginning of the 5th c.). According to E. W. Marsden: "To sum up the situation in the first three imperial centuries, the Roman army reached very high standards in artillery equipment and organization. In particular, after the introduction of the arrow-shooting ballista in its various forms at the beginning of the second century, and while the stone-throwing ballista remained in service, every Roman legion possessed substantial batteries o f the most powerful artillery produced in the ancient world. There is very little direct evidence for the third century. But the introduction of the onager into general service, which may have occurred in the second century, and of the non-torsion arcuballista, both machines being of relatively simple construction, suggests a shortage of good artificers." The hypothesis is that Vegetius is using a lost text of Publius Tarrutienus (2nd century AD). There is also in a fragmentary text by Apollodorus of Damascus a mention of a one-armed machine and a variant of it incorporated to a battering ram. Furthermore, Apollodorus of Damascus was an engineer close to Trajan. Previously, Philo of Byzantium, who lived most of his life in Egypt, under the Ptolemies around 220 BC, mentioned one-armed devices in the list of machines that could be used by the defenders against besieging platforms. No description survived. I would say there is no evidence for its usage during the Roman republic and if we decide that Philo of Byzantium indeed mentioned onagers, then the Greeks were the first to use them.

They are the same. It is always the same faces.

Vercingetorix died before reaching his 40s.

By the way, two of the pictures of tombs are from the 3rd century BC it seems

https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Césaro

https://twitter.com/XavierMT3/status/1667807403524648960 Kofun era terracottas.

Official twitter of RTR: Rome Imperium Surrectum https://twitter.com/ris_rome Official facebook: https://www.facebook.com/rtr.imperium.surrectum

In French, but there are some useful info: - Yayoi have used extensively the sling. - Yayoi did used the shield and the bow. - Yayoi people were divided in small chiefdoms, often fighting against each other. - The horse was introduced lately and was not used for warfare until the 4th century AD.

A French channel about Japan's prehistory: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0gIjm7TayHTvESXm5riqMA

Refrain from such comments. This is a game in which you can kill and destroy other people, and the thing bothering you is seeing the belly of a woman?