Genava55

With the plates descriptions it is easier: Others info:

"While it is a common mistake to regard the scimitar as a weapon exclusive to the Middle Eastern world, scimitars and straight swords existed side by side in the region for millennia. In the 7th century, scimitars first appeared among the Turko- Mongol nomads of Central Asia. A notable exception was the sickle- sword of ancient Egypt, which appeared to be an outgrowth of a battle axe rather than a true sword. As successive waves of nomads spread through Asia, their curved swords were adapted by the Indians, Persians, Arabs, and Chinese. With the steppe warriors migrating farther west, the scimitar entered Eastern Europe by way of Russia and Ukraine. The spread of the scimitar into Central and Western Europe can be tracked linguistically. From sabala of the Turkic-speaking peoples of Central Asia, it became sablya in the Russian language, szabla in Hungarian and Polish, sabel in German, sabre in French, and saber in English." https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/scimitar-how-one-sword-dominated-warfare-centuries-25033 "The name is thought to be derived from the Persian word shamshēr which literally means “paw claw,” due to its long, curved design. The word has been translated through many languages to end at scimitar. In the Early Middle Ages, the Turkic people of Central Asia came into contact with Middle Eastern civilizations through their shared Islamic faith. Turkic Ghilman mamelukes serving under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates introduced "kilij" type sabers to all of the other Middle Eastern cultures. Previously, Arabs and Persians used straight-bladed swords such as the earlier types of the Arab saif, takoba and kaskara." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scimitar "The Central Asian Turks and their offshoots begun using curved cavalry swords beginning from the late Xiongnu period.[3] The earliest examples of curved, single edged Turkish swords can be found associated with the late Xiongnu and Kok Turk empires.[4] These swords were made of pattern welded high carbon crucible steel, generally with long slightly curved blades with one sharp edge. A sharp back edge on the distal third of the blade known as "yalman" or "yelman" was introduced during this period. In the Early Middle Ages, the Turkic people of Central Asia came into contact with Middle Eastern civilizations through their shared Islamic faith. Turkic Ghilman slave-soldiers serving under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates introduced "kilij" type sabers to all of the other Middle Eastern cultures. Previously, Arabs and Persians used straight-bladed swords such as the earlier types of the Arab saif, takouba and kaskara. During Islamizaton of the Turks, the kilij became more and more popular in the İslamic armies. When the Seljuk Empire invaded Persia and became the first Turkic Muslim political power in Western Asia, kilij became the dominant sword form. The Iranian (Persian) shamshir was created during the Turkic Seljuk Empire period of Iran/Persia." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilij Edit: a few pictures here: https://www.pinterest.ch/thomaslothar/swords-of-the-umayyad-caliphate-era/?lp=true

Emishi culture with horse archer warfare (thought to be the origin of the samurai archery tradition): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emishi http://emishi-ezo.net/ http://emishi-ezo.net/WhoEmishi.htm http://emishi-ezo.net/Conquest/DestructionOfCastle.html

Vendel period: https://www.facebook.com/pg/Wulfheodenas/photos/?tab=album&album_id=456075257847631&__tn__=-UC-R Viking age and general: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1569524136596079/?ref=br_rs https://www.facebook.com/andrimners/posts/1660523900917013 https://www.facebook.com/pg/marobud/photos/?ref=page_internal

The same. It is suspicious for me.

A couple of forum/fora where built during the colonization of the Cisalpine provincia: http://sci-hub.tw/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/papers-of-the-british-school-at-rome/article/early-colonisation-of-cisalpine-gaul/5F90A1D7A39151153DD0B5CF9AFEA8D6 Ancient Ostia, a few informations: http://www.ostia-antica.org/intro.htm#22

It is why I posted this link because I think they have a lot of 3D model picture for different period (it is not eyecandy but kinda useful I think): http://www.digitales-forum-romanum.de/gebaeudeliste/?lang=en#spaete-republik-i Edit: I will try to look for information in other Roman cities

It's look like Gladiator weaponry to me. Especially the last picture, with this kind of helmet and arm protection. https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-gladiator-fight-relief-from-about-30-bc-perhaps-a-part-of-a-funerary-135831767.html

http://www.digitales-forum-romanum.de/gebaeude/curia/?lang=en

The Iron Age in western Spain (800 BC–AD 50): an overview https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1468-0092.00100 Warfare, redistribution and society in western Iberia https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/2051314/Warfare__redistribution...__BAR__2005_.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1540473846&Signature=vouylUZ8R3oEstGz%2FkPypNhPsn8%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B filename%3DWarfare_redistribution_and_society_in_W.pdf

Personally I think it should be great to use regional and cultural diversity among a faction to give more depth. Unlocking cultural buildings and units could be synonym of strategic choices for the player. Otherwise, I don't think it is a good idea to illustrate each cultures by a faction because it will increase exponentially. Dozen of Greek cities and Hellenistic kingdoms, Thracians, Dacians, Przeworsk culture, Illyrians, Celtiberians, Lusitanians, Picts, Armenians, Pontic cultures, Numidians, Dozens of nomadic tribes.

My eyes are bleeding! Not this: But these: But very nice pictures besides this. Here a couple of pictures for you:

If you are interested by older roman history ;-) By the way, the Roman kingdom is very old 753 BC–509 BC and is probably not very different of the Etruscans kingdoms. Maybe a general suggestion to add the Etruscans should be more appropriate.

I personaly like the portrait in the current state.

Super interesting. Thank you @Sundiata !

Oh ok. No problem for me If you find an easy-to-swallow/ready-to-use vocabulary for buildings and units in the same process.

Mmm...

Configurations of Steppe Urbanism: Permanent Centres of Pastoral Polities in Mongolia Despite productive developments in archaeological approaches to urbanism, the study of constructed centers among steppe nomadic groups continues to receive cursory attention. Although the development of permanent centers of intensive social, economic, and ritual activities are often deemed incompatible with mobile lifeways and systems of pastoral production, revised considerations of the structures and environs of walled sites in early Inner Asia provide alternative notions of urban developments. Through a functional approach to urban centers and their sprawls, I propose that permanent settlement sites of the Xiongnu nomadic empire (2nd c. BCE – 2nd c. CE) were in fact complex built environments configured as expanded spatial occupations incorporating ritual arenas, production facilities, and key pastures. The case of central ‘urban’ places among early Inner Asian nomads thus highlights both the potency of urbanism approaches for studies of societal developments among steppe pastoralists and the potential for such groups to alter our understandings of the emergence and development of urban settings. http://innerasiaresearch.org/seminar-–-27-october-–-bryan-millar/ In a review of Erik Hildinger's “Warriors of the Steppe”, Christopher Berg wrote: “The steppe warriors were nomads, who moved from one settlement to the next to accommodate their pastoral means of subsistence. The steppe warrior's natural proclivity for war springs from their peregrination: “War is therefore a natural consequence of successful nomadism and like any skill needed for survival it will be practiced to proficiency." The steppe nomads were successful conquerors for many reasons including their unpredictability, large number of male recruits, the ability to illicit fear, and drill-like organization. [Sources: “Warriors of the Steppe: A Military History of Central Asia 500BC to 1700AD” by Erik Hildinger (Da Capo Press, 1997); Christopher Berg, Sam Houston State University deremilitari.org /^\] http://factsanddetails.com/asian/cat65/sub422/entry-5481.html

Maybe choose a color for each cultural group (barbarians, greco-romans, eastern civilizations etc.).

That's the easy part. I would be glad to let someone else to work on it for free. Thx.

In Irish mythology, the color for kings and sovereignty is more often the red and sometimes the white. Purple was rare because of the difficulty to get Tyrian purple pigments (the only known pigment at this time that can stay brightful through time)

Sure but are you in touch with specialists of proto-indo-european languages or even in the extinct Daco-Thracian languages ?

When I have the time yes. I'm not a linguist though but I can try something.