Missing units Yayoi.

[Lion.Kanzen]

interesting...

[wowgetoffyourcellphone]

24 minutes ago, Lion.Kanzen said:

already exists in the game, she should be able to train male bodyguards.

I know her actor is there, I am talking about improving her look.

[Genava55]

from the book, Yayoi and early Kofun

Spoiler

 

 

 

[Lion.Kanzen]

 

 

[AIEND]

31 minutes ago, Lion.Kanzen said:

更像这样？

Yes

[Lion.Kanzen]

3 minutes ago, wowgetoffyourcellphone said:

I know her actor is there, I am talking about improving her look.

[Lion.Kanzen]

bronze bleade.

http://www.gondo.com/gyarari/photo/hakuran/digj2008E.htm

[AIEND]

5 minutes ago, Lion.Kanzen said:

青铜剑。

http://www.gondo.com/gyarari/photo/hakuran/digj2008E.htm

No, this is completely wrong, the text below the relic states that this is a bronze ge, "中广形铜戈".

[Lion.Kanzen]

Himiko (卑弥呼, c. 170–248 AD), also known as Shingi Waō (親魏倭王, "Ruler of Wa, Friend of Wei"),[1][a] was a shamaness-queen of Yamatai-koku in Wakoku (倭国). Early Chinese dynastic histories chronicle tributary relations between Queen Himiko and the Cao Wei Kingdom (220–265) and record that the Yayoi period people chose her as ruler following decades of warfare among the kings of Wa. Early Japanese histories do not mention Himiko, but historians associate her with legendary figures such as Empress Consort Jingū, who was regent (c. 200–269) in roughly the same era as Himiko.[citation needed]

Scholarly debates over the identity of Himiko and the location of her domain, Yamatai, have raged since the late Edo period, with opinions divided between northern Kyūshū or traditional Yamato Province in present-day Kinki. The "Yamatai controversy", writes Keiji Imamura, is "the greatest debate over the ancient history of Japan."[4] A prevailing view among scholars is that she may be buried at Hashihaka Kofun in Nara Prefecture.

 

 

 

The first historical records of Himiko are found in the Records of the Three Kingdoms

 

The Japanese people of Wa [倭人] dwell in the middle of the ocean on the mountainous islands southeast of [the prefecture of] Tai-fang. They formerly comprised more than one hundred communities. During the Han dynasty, [Wa envoys] appeared at the Court; today, thirty of their communities maintain intercourse [with us] through envoys and scribes. ^[7]

This early history describes how Himiko came to the throne:

The country formerly had a man as ruler. For some seventy or eighty years after that there were disturbances and warfare. Thereupon the people agreed upon a woman for their ruler. Her name was Himiko [卑弥呼]. She occupied herself with magic and sorcery, bewitching the people. Though mature in age, she remained unmarried. She had a younger brother who assisted her in ruling the country. After she became the ruler, there were few who saw her. She had one thousand women as attendants, but only one man. He served her food and drink and acted as a medium of communication. She resided in a palace surrounded by towers and stockades, with armed guards in a state of constant vigilance.

 

3 minutes ago, AIEND said:

No, this is completely wrong, the text below the relic states that this is a bronze ge, "中广形铜戈".

I imagined it, it didn't look like a sword to me.

Edited October 22, 2022 by Lion.Kanzen

[Lion.Kanzen]

The "Records of Wei" also records envoys travelling between the Wa and Wei courts. Himiko's emissaries first visited the court of Wei emperor Cao Rui in 238, and he replied:

Herein we address Himiko, Queen of Wa, whom we now officially call a friend of Wei. […Your envoys] have arrived here with your tribute, consisting of four male slaves and six female slaves, together with two pieces of cloth with designs, each twenty feet in length. You live very far away across the sea; yet you have sent an embassy with tribute. Your loyalty and filial piety we appreciate exceedingly. We confer upon you, therefore, the title "Queen of Wa Friendly to Wei," together with the decoration of the gold seal with purple ribbon. The latter, properly encased, is to be sent to you through the Governor. We expect you, O Queen, to rule your people in peace and to endeavor to be devoted and obedient.^[

 

Finally, the "Records of Wei"^[10] records that in 247 when a new governor arrived at Daifang Commandery in Korea, Queen Himiko officially complained of hostilities with Himikuko (卑弥弓呼, or Pimikuko), the king of Kuna (ja) (狗奴, literally "dog slave"), one of the other Wa states. The governor dispatched "Chang Chêng, acting Secretary of the Border Guard" with a "proclamation advising reconciliation", and subsequently:

When Himiko passed away, a great mound was raised, more than a hundred paces in diameter. Over a hundred male and female attendants followed her to the grave. Then a king was placed on the throne, but the people would not obey him. Assassination and murder followed; more than one thousand were thus slain. A relative of Himiko named Iyo [壹與], a girl of thirteen, was [then] made queen and order was restored. Chêng issued a proclamation to the effect that Iyo was the ruler.^[1

[Lion.Kanzen]

Japnese sources:

Neither of the two oldest Japanese histories – the c. 712 Kojiki^[15] nor c. 720 Nihon Shoki^[16] – mentions Queen Himiko. The circumstances under which these books were written is a matter of unending debate, and even if Himiko were known to the authors, they may have purposefully decided not to include her.^[17][18] However, they include three imperial-family shamans identified with her: Yamatototohimomosohime-no-Mikoto (ja), the aunt of Emperor Sujin (legendary 10th Japanese emperor, reigned 97–30 BC) and daughter of Emperor Kōrei; Yamatohime-no-mikoto, the daughter of Emperor Suinin (legendary 11th, reigned 29 BC–70 AD); and Empress Jingū (reigned c. 209–269 AD), the wife of Emperor Chūai (legendary 14th emperor, reigned 192–200 AD). These dates, however, are not historically verified.

One remarkable exception to early Japanese histories overlooking Himiko is the Nihon Shoki, quoting the Wei Zhi three times. In 239, "the queen [女王] of Wa" sent envoys to Wei; in 240, they returned "charged with an Imperial rescript and a seal and ribbon;" and in 243, "the ruler [王 "king"] of Wa again sent high officers as envoys with tribute".^[19] It is revealing that the Nihon Shoki editors chose to omit the Wei Zhi particulars about Himiko.

Yamato Totohi Momoso himemiko (倭迹迹日百襲媛命), the shaman aunt of Emperor Sujin, supposedly committed suicide after learning her husband was a trickster snake-god. The Kojiki does not mention her, but the Nihon Shoki describes her as "the Emperor's aunt by the father's side, a shrewd and intelligent person, who could foresee the future".^[20] After a series of national calamities, the Emperor "assembled the 80 myriads of Deities" and inquired by divination. Yamato-totohi-momoso was inspired by Ōmononushi-nushi ("Great Deity of All Deities and Spirits"),^[21] to say: "Why is the Emperor grieved at the disordered state of the country? If he duly did us reverent worship it would assuredly become pacified of itself." The Emperor inquired, saying: "What God is it that thus instructs me?" The answer was: "I am the God who dwells within the borders of the land of Yamato, and my name is Oho-mono-nushi no Kami."^[22] While imperial worship of this god (from Mount Miwa) was "without effect", Yamato-totohi-momoso later married him.

After this Yamato-toto-hi-momo-so-bime no Mikoto became the wife of Oho-mono-nushi no Kami. This God, however, was never seen in the day-time, but at night. Yamato-toto-hi-momo-so-bime no Mikoto said to her husband: "As my Lord is never seen in the day-time, I am unable to view his august countenance distinctly; I beseech him therefore to delay a while, that in the morning I may look upon the majesty of his beauty." The Great God answered and said: "What thou sayest is clearly right. To-morrow morning I will enter thy toilet-case and stay there. I pray thee be not alarmed at my form." Yamato-toto-hi-momo-so-bime no Mikoto wondered secretly in her heart at this. Waiting until daybreak, she looked into her toilet-case. There was there a beautiful little snake, of the length and thickness of the cord of a garment. Thereupon she was frightened, and uttered an exclamation. The Great God was ashamed, and changing suddenly into human form, spake to his wife, and said: "Thou didst not contain thyself, but hast caused me shame; I will in my turn put thee to shame." So treading the Great Void, he ascended to Mount Mimoro. Hereupon Yamato-toto-hi-momo-so-bime no Mikoto looked up and had remorse. She flopped down on a seat and with a chopstick stabbed herself in the pudenda so that she died. She was buried at Oho-chi. Therefore the men of that time called her tomb the Hashi no haka [Chopstick Tomb]

[Lion.Kanzen]

Two other Chinese dynastic histories mentioned Himiko. While both clearly incorporated the Wei Zhi reports, they made some changes, such as specifying the "some seventy or eighty years" of Wa wars occurred between 146 and 189, during the reigns of Han Emperors Huan and Ling. The c. 432 Book of Later Han (Hou Han Shu 後漢書) says "the King of Great Wa resides in the country of Yamadai", rather than the Queen:

The Wa dwell on mountainous islands southeast of Han [Korea] in the middle of the ocean, forming more than one hundred communities. From the time of the overthrow of Chaoxian [northern Korea] by Emperor Wu (BC 140–87), nearly thirty of these communities have held intercourse with the Han [dynasty] court by envoys or scribes. Each community has its king, whose office is hereditary. The King of Great Wa [Yamato] resides in the country of Yamadai.^[12]

During the reigns of Huan-di (147–168) and Ling-di (168–189), the country of Wa was in a state of great confusion, war and conflict raging on all sides. For a number of years, there was no ruler. Then a woman named Himiko appeared. Remaining unmarried, she occupied herself with magic and sorcery and bewitched the populace. Thereupon they placed her on the throne. She kept one thousand female attendants, but few people saw her. There was only one man who was in charge of her wardrobe and meals and acted as the medium of communication. She resided in a palace surrounded by towers and stockades with the protection of armed guards. The laws and customs were strict and stern.

 

In terms of Japanese phonology (which historically did not have the consonant /h/ and whose modern /h/ evolves from historical /p/),^[34] the accepted modern reading of 'Himiko' would regularly correspond to Old Japanese *Pimeko. However, Roy Andrew Miller says *Pimeko is a lexicographic error deriving from the Wei Zhi transcriptions

[Lion.Kanzen]

https://www.skyscrapercity.com/threads/where-did-japanese-come-from-the-roots-of-the-japanese.890420/page-14 

https://www.iz2.or.jp/english/@#$%usyoku/@#$%usei/4.htm

[Lion.Kanzen]

Hime (Old Japanese Pi₁me₁), (姫, "young noblewoman; princess"), explains Miller, etymologically derives from hi (Fi₁) (日, "sun") and me (me₁) (女, "woman").

Tsunoda^[35] notes that "Pimiko is from an archaic Japanese title, himeko, meaning 'princess'"; that is, hime with the female name suffix -ko (子, "child"), viz. the uncommon given name Himeko. Other Amaterasu-related etymological proposals for the Japanese name Himiko involve hi (日, "sun") and miko (覡 or 巫女, "female shaman, shamaness; shrine maiden; priestess"); or their combination hime-miko, "princess-priestess".^{[citation needed]}

Bentley^[36] considers the Baekje word *pye, 'west', the honorific prefix *me and *hɔ, 'heir', and thus interprets 卑彌呼 as 'the honorific heir of the west'.

 

 

[Lion.Kanzen]

3 minutes ago, Lion.Kanzen said:

Hime (Old Japanese Pi₁me₁), (姫, "young noblewoman; princess"), explains Miller, etymologically derives from hi (Fi₁) (日, "sun") and me (me₁) (女, "woman").

Tsunoda^[35] notes that "Pimiko is from an archaic Japanese title, himeko, meaning 'princess'"; that is, hime with the female name suffix -ko (子, "child"), viz. the uncommon given name Himeko. Other Amaterasu-related etymological proposals for the Japanese name Himiko involve hi (日, "sun") and miko (覡 or 巫女, "female shaman, shamaness; shrine maiden; priestess"); or their combination hime-miko, "princess-priestess".^{[citation needed]}

Bentley^[36] considers the Baekje word *pye, 'west', the honorific prefix *me and *hɔ, 'heir', and thus interprets 卑彌呼 as 'the honorific heir of the west'.

 

 

who is Amateratsu?

Spoiler

Amaterasu, also known as Amaterasu Ōmikami (天照大御神, 天照大神) or Ōhirume no Muchi no Kami (大日孁貴神), is the goddess of the sun in Japanese mythology. One of the major deities (kami) of Shinto, she is also portrayed in Japan's earliest literary texts, the Kojiki (c. 712 CE) and the Nihon Shoki (720 CE), as the ruler (or one of the rulers) of the heavenly realm Takamagahara and the mythical ancestress of the Imperial House of Japan via her grandson Ninigi. Along with her siblings, the moon deity Tsukuyomi and the impetuous storm god Susanoo, she is considered to be one of the "Three Precious Children" (三貴子, mihashira no uzu no miko / sankishi), the three most important offspring of the creator god Izanagi.

Edited October 22, 2022 by Lion.Kanzen

[AIEND]

29 minutes ago, Lion.Kanzen said:

天照是谁 ？

The sun goddess of Japan, the main god in popular mythology in early Japan and after the Meiji Restoration (the dominant religion in medieval Japan was Buddhism, which covered the influence of native Japanese mythology to a certain extent).

[Lion.Kanzen]

4 minutes ago, AIEND said:

The sun goddess of Japan, the main god in popular mythology in early Japan and after the Meiji Restoration (the dominant religion in medieval Japan was Buddhism, which covered the influence of native Japanese mythology to a certain extent).

is not an unanswerable question.

I answered it myself.
is to justify some solar ornament on Himiko's head.

[Lopess]

5 hours ago, AIEND said:

This is obvious.
That's why I don't recommend nerfing the stats of Japanese units even a little bit, even if it's more realistic, but in the future we won't be able to balance Native Americans with stone weapons.

off topic: I imagine what the Spaniards would feel with the Mapuches already in the 16th/17th century, war is much more than weapons and technologies, but also morality, knowledge of local geography and logistics.

[Lion.Kanzen]

1 minute ago, Lopess said:

off topic: I imagine what the Spaniards would feel with the Mapuches already in the 16th/17th century, war is much more than weapons and technologies, but also morality, knowledge of local geography and logistics.

many primitive nations made the brave warriors of spain and portugal to run in that era.

 

@AIEND

Quote

The Battle of Mactan (Cebuano: Gubat sa Mactan; Filipino: Labanan sa Mactan; Spanish: Batalla de Mactán) was a fierce clash fought in the archipelago of the Philippines on April 27, 1521. The warriors of Lapulapu, one of the Datus of Mactan, overpowered and defeated a Spanish force fighting for Rajah Humabon of Cebu under the command of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, who was killed in the battle. The outcome of the battle resulted in the departure of the Spanish crew from the archipelago of the Philippines.

Spoiler

 

 

[Lion.Kanzen]

her with...

a solar crown.

Edited October 22, 2022 by Lion.Kanzen

[Lion.Kanzen]

Edited October 22, 2022 by Lion.Kanzen

[Ultimate Aurelian]

19 hours ago, Genava55 said:

from the book, Yayoi and early Kofun

  Hide contents

 

 

 

The crossbow mentioned here may pontentially fit the Yayoi period, the dating is not very clear.

http://gunbai-militaryhistory.blogspot.com/2019/01/dokyu-japanese-crossbow.html

This link mentions something about a crossbow trigger possibly dating to that period as well.

https://www.massey.ac.nz/~bjmoyle/dbm/b3/p07.htm

[Genava55]

2 hours ago, Ultimate Aurelian said:

The crossbow mentioned here may pontentially fit the Yayoi period, the dating is not very clear.

http://gunbai-militaryhistory.blogspot.com/2019/01/dokyu-japanese-crossbow.html

This link mentions something about a crossbow trigger possibly dating to that period as well.

https://www.massey.ac.nz/~bjmoyle/dbm/b3/p07.htm

Interesting.

I also found this:

bronze-age-maritime-and-warrior-dynamics-in-island-east-asia.pdf

Quote

Some of the clearest evidence for maritime activity in the Yayoi comes from islands in the Tsushima straits between Korea and Japan. In its description of Tsushima and Iki, the Wei zhi noted the islanders ‘travel by boat to buy grain in markets to the north and south’ (Reference KidderKidder 2007: 12). Sites on Iki island such as Karakami and Haru-no-tsuji have produced a rich, ‘international’ material culture including Chinese coins, Lelang pottery from the Han dynasty commandery in northern Korea, a three-winged bronze arrowhead (probably a crossbow bolt) (Figure 4) and even bones from Japan’s earliest domesticated cat (Reference SeyockSeyock 2003; Reference TakesueTakesue 2009). Footnote 3 Haru-no-tsuji also has Japan’s oldest known harbour. Trading connections between Kyushu and Korea at this time are clear from Yayoi pottery and Chinese coins – presumably used in exchange – found at Nŭkto on the south-east coast of Korea dating from the fourth century BC to the first century AD (Reference Choy and RichardsChoy & Richards 2009).

Quote

Yayoi pots were transported to Okinawa from Kyushu, mostly from the Satsuma peninsula (Reference Nakazono, Matsumoto, Bessho and TomiiNakazono 2011; Reference Shinzato and TakamiyaShinzato 2018). That Yayoi pottery in Okinawa had a certain value can be deduced from the fact that it was often repaired when cracked. The mainland Japanese, by contrast, were less interested in Okinawan products except for shells, and only one Okinawan pot has been found on Kyushu. This pot was reported at the Takahashi site on the Satsuma peninsula (Kagoshima), a settlement which Reference Nakazono, Matsumoto, Bessho and TomiiNakazono (2011) regards as a major shell trade entrepôt. Aside from pottery, only a handful of exotic objects reached Okinawa at this time. These include glass beads, spindle whorls, coins, fragments of iron axes, a piece of the hilt of a bronze sword, a fragment of a Han bronze mirror and Lelang pottery (Reference Nakazono, Matsumoto, Bessho and TomiiNakazono 2011). Three-winged bronze arrowheads of Han crossbow style have been found at Uken and Uza-no-hamayabaru on Okinawa (Ashiya Board of Education 2007). Many of these artefacts can be linked with the East Asian mainland, raising the possibility that they were imported directly rather than via Kyushu, although no ordinary Chinese or Korean ceramics have been excavated from these Okinawan sites.

Quote

Even as iron gained ground in Yayoi Japan, however, bronze arrowheads became common from the first century AD, a change which, according to Reference MatsugiMatsugi (2001: 73), may reflect the influence of Han China, presumably through its commandery at Lelang in Korea. A mould for casting bronze arrowheads has been found at Sugu-okamoto (@#$%uoka). Most Yayoi bronze arrowheads are small: less than 4 cm long and around 3 g in weight. Some Japanese scholars once thought that they were too small to have been used in actual warfare, but several skeletons with such arrowheads deeply embedded in the bone have been found at Aoya-kamijichi (Tottori) (Reference MatsugiMatsugi 2001: 74). Bronze arrowheads of similar size are known in Europe. The 134 bronze arrowheads found at the Late Bronze Age Wrocław–Widawa site in Poland had lengths ranging between 2.8 and 4.8 cm (Reference Baron, Puziewicz, Nowak, Sych, Miazga and ZiobroBaron et al. 2020). In China, small bronze arrowheads were also used with crossbows, which were in use by at least the fourth century BC (Reference WrightWright 2005). In Japan, a Yayoi-period crossbow part has been found at Himebaranishi (Shimane), although the excavation report concludes that, since it appears less practical than examples from Han China, it was probably a crossbow-shaped ritual artefact (Reference AdachiAdachi 1999: 126). Even if this interpretation were correct, however, it would imply that the Yayoi people were familiar with actual crossbows. More than ten three-winged bronze crossbow bolts are known from Yayoi sites located in Okinawa, Nagasaki, @#$%uoka, Kagawa and Shimane prefectures (Ashiya Board of Education 2007) (Figure 4).

 

[Lion.Kanzen]

Dagge Axe

himiko

 

[LienRag]

Indeed, Yaoi units would probably help with getting more girls to play the game...