.jpg.4d575d1d330147616620e755ddb4c44a.jpg)
Genava55
-
Posts
2.067 -
Joined
-
Last visited
-
Days Won
52
Posts posted by Genava55
-
-
18 minutes ago, Ultimate Aurelian said:
This is a Roman helmet modified by Batavians:
The Coolus-Mannheim are exclusively in Bronze while the Gelduba is in iron (yes the rust make it misleading at the first sight). And it is probably a Weisenau (Imperial Gallic) modified helmet (or a very late Port like helmet).
-
1
-
-
31 minutes ago, Orphydian said:
Siemechow type
The Port helmet is thought to be the ancestor of the Imperial Gallic series. Initially the Siemechow helmet has been thought to be a Roman helmet but recent historians highlighted the similarity with other late version of Celtic helmets in the East. The Eastern helmets didn't have a consistent type in the literature but they are clearly close to the Port type. A generic "Mihovo type" has been used but not consistently. The problem with the "Eastern Celtic type" is the misleading usage, confusing Montefortino-like Eastern helmets with the Port-like Eastern helmets.
But anyway, I checked it is clearly the Siemechow type that has been used in the concept of the Lugian Late Swordsmen (I recently entered the team).
37 minutes ago, Ultimate Aurelian said:The bronze one is a pretty generic; it seems to have a lip on the back so maybe it's a Coolus.
Sort of. I think they added this generic bronze helmet to several elite germanic units because they faced the issue of the overwhelming absence of any evidence surrounding this topic for the Pre-Roman Iron Age.
So it is not officially a Coolus but... it is like one.
-
1
-
-
Probably one of the series of "Les voyages d'Alix", a French comic book.
https://www.bedetheque.com/BD-Alix-Les-Voyages-d-Tome-5-La-Grece-2-20005.html
-
1
-
-
You can probably get better picture by googling Japan Kofun Mirror.
This one from a publication:
Spoiler
Another useful document but not for the bronze mirror (too low quality): https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/repo/ouka/all/69823/OUHSS_TT.pdf
-
3
-
-
1 hour ago, Orphydian said:
Could there be the celts again to spawn a very popular helmet design like the hellenistic Konos ?
This helmet found in Normandy and dated to the 1st century BC is close from its conception to the most common type known as "Alésia" (because the first was one has been found there).
It is possible there was back and forth influence between the Celts from Central Europe, the Celts from North Italy, the Celts from the Balkans and the Celts from the Pontic Steppes. Maybe with Anatolia too although it is not totally certain. The Celtic world of the 3rd, 2nd and 1st century BC is highly connected.
As an example of the complex interaction, here a Konos like helmet found in Kalnavo (late Thracian site) with plenty of Celtic items:
-
2
-
-
5 minutes ago, wowgetoffyourcellphone said:
Dear god, please reduce archer firing rate. It's so ridiculous. I can't believe anyone is okay with it.
-
4
-
-
Megasthenes fragment XXXV (probably his Indica) indicating the use of turret.
-
1
-
-
There are reliefs representing war elephants in ancient India, but I don't think there is any turret:
https://www.ancient.eu/image/8567/magadhan-and-mauryan-arms-and-armour/
-
1
-
-
57 minutes ago, Nescio said:
If Justin is correct, then the elephants Pyrrhus had came from the Indian elephants Seleucus obtained from Chandragupta. This is more plausible than the alternative (Alexander's aging elephants shipped from Egypt).
I agree:
Romans first encountered elephants in battle in 280 BCE, when Pyrrhus, king of the Greek region of Epirus, invaded Italy with an army of 25,000 men and 20 war elephants. The Romans recorded the appearance of the animals on some of the heavy bronze ingots they used as currency at the time. Pyrrhus established his base at the Greek city of Taras, which placed a small image of an elephant below a dolphin rider on its silver coinage.
-
Mmm I am being a nerd here but I find sad they put random "scientific" things for the research in any building.
For example the chemical structure appearing is the Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate... this is related to the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis.
They should have put the chemical structure of something in use at this time. Sulfuric acid, diethyl ether, any kind of soap, potassium nitrate.
Edit: the same for the math, why putting an integral in there...
-
2
-
2
-
-
13 minutes ago, Freagarach said:
As far as I am currently aware we cannot add such effects genuinly using technologies. But yes, a technology could be made that allows upgrading regular units into poisoning units, like done in DE.
Is it possible to do it with a hero's aura (aoe) ?
-
3
-
-
Caesar account (book 5) during Ambiorix' revolt.
SpoilerOn the seventh day of the attack, a very high wind having sprung up, they began to discharge by their slings hot balls made of burned or hardened clay, and heated javelins, upon the huts, which, after the Gallic custom, were thatched with straw. These quickly took fire, and by the violence of the wind, scattered their flames in every part of the camp. The enemy following up their success with a very loud shout, as if victory were already obtained and secured, began to advance their towers and mantelets, and climb the rampart with ladders. But so great was the courage of our soldiers, and such their presence of mind, that though they were scorched on all sides, and harassed by a vast number of weapons, and were aware that their baggage and their possessions were burning, not only did no one quit the rampart for the purpose of withdrawing from the scene, but scarcely did any one even then look behind; and they all fought most vigorously and most valiantly
-
1
-
-
On 6/2/2020 at 4:46 AM, Obskiuras said:
"First page" of what? the post?
First page of the thread. Of the current topic.
SpoilerOn 5/30/2019 at 10:20 PM, Genava55 said:The Lombards: The Ancient Longobards - Neil Christie
The Lombards, also known as the Longobards, were a Germanic tribe whose fabled origins lay in the barbarian realm of Scandinavia. After centuries of obscurity during the long period of Roman domination in Europe, the Lombards began a concerted migration south-eastwards, coming to prominence immediately after the fall of Rome.
Pushing across the Danube to occupy Hungary, the tribe emerged as a powerful protagonist in the former heartland of the Empire in the early sixth century AD. The Lombards subsequently invaded Italy in AD 568-569, where they successfully countered the Byzantines and established a kingdom based on the fertile north Italian plains. This endured for more than two centuries before its conquest by Charlemagne, and even after this defeat, a Lombard state continued to exist in southern Italy until the eleventh century.
In this book, the author combines many sources, archaeological and historical, to offer a fresh and vividly detailed picture of Lombard society - its people, settlements, material and spiritual culture - and its evolution from martial 'barbarian' tribe to complex urbanized state.The Alamanni and Rome 213-496 - John F. Drinkwater
The Alamanni and Rome focuses upon the end of the Roman Empire. From the third century AD, barbarians attacked and then overran the west. Some--Goths, Franks, Saxons--are well known, others less so. The latter include the Alamanni, despite the fact that their name is found in the French (''Allemagne'') and Spanish (''Alemania'') for ''Germany.'' This pioneering study, the first in English, uses new historical and archaeological findings to reconstruct the origins of the Alamanni, their settlements, their politics, and their society, and to establish the nature of their relationship with Rome. John Drinkwater discovers the cause of their modern elusiveness in their high level of dependence on the Empire. Far from being dangerous invaders, they were often the prey of emperors intent on acquiring military reputations. When much of the western Empire fell to the Franks, so did the Alamanni, without ever having produced their own ''successor kingdom.''
Edit:
Варвары. Древние германцы: быт, религия, культура
Малькольм ТоддВарвары. Древние германцы. Быт, религия, культура Everyday Life of the Barbarians: Goths, Franks, & Vandals От издателяАвтор этой книги попытался реконструировать социальную структуру и каждодневную жизнь варваров на основе обобщающих выводов археологов, наблюдений искусствоведов и лингвистов. Рассматривается промежуток времени от II в. до н.э., когда цивилизованные народы впервые обратили внимание на варваров, до периода Великого Переселения народов IV-VI веков н.э.
Everyday Life of the Barbarians: Goths, Franks and Vandals
With drawings by Eva Wilson.
The "Barbarians" of the classical world - especially the Goths, Franks and Vandals - have been traditionally dismissed as savage hordes who sacked Rome and destroyed her Empire. It is only the discoveries of modern archaeology that have established a true picture of these versatile Germanic tribes who originally inhabited north-west Europe beyond the frontiers of the Roman Empire and who later penetrated every corner of Europe.
Like the Celts, these tribes excelled in the arts of war - but warfare was far from being the whole of their life. They delighted in feasting, music, dancing and gaming. The tribes were organised in a rigorous social hierarchy and they practised a remarkably advanced system of agriculture. Their houses and furniture were simple but they took a particular pride in personal decoration: the surviving artifacts - especially ornamental metalwork - show a magnificent tradition of craftsmanship.
Trade contacts, too, reveal a lively commerce with the Roman provinces and with their nomadic neighbours.
This vivid and rounded portrait of the daily life of Rome's northern neighbours is a fascinating addition to the Publishers' Everyday Life series and a valuable complementary study to the volume on "Ancient Rome".
Malcolm Todd, who is Lecturer in Archaeology at the University of Nottingham, has made use of his own research, and the illustrations - almost 100 in all - include a great deal of unfamiliar material.The Early Germans by Malcolm Todd
The growing number of volumes in the "Peoples of Europe" series are generally quite useful to students of early medieval history; at less than 300 pages, they do well as surveys. This one, unfortunately, is one of the less readable efforts. Todd is interested in the Germanic tribes and their migrations from the early Roman Empire up to about 700 A.D., but he wanders from a chronological coverage of all the multitude of Germanic peoples (who never thought of themselves as "Germans" in the first place), to a topical one (chapters on economy and agriculture, social institutions, burial practices, trade and diplomacy, art and technology, etc), to a geographical survey divided into sections on Goths, Vandals, Franks, Burgundians, Gepids, Lombards, and (oddly) Scandinavians. It's a confusing book to read, with various groups appearing (naturally) in each other's chapters. Todd also mentions in passing specialized information or rival interpretations of the sources that he apparently assumes everyone knows -- which is a bad assumption in a survey of this kind. While there's useful stuff here, I would not suggest this as a first resource for someone new to the field. Instead, I would recommend the separate books in this series by James on the Franks, Heather on the Goths, and Christie on the Lombards -- and Heather's latest, _The Fall of the Roman Empire_ (2006), over all of them.
This volume brings together many important historical texts, the majority of them (speeches of Themistius, the Passion of St Saba, and evidence relating to the life and work of Ulfila) not previously available in English translation. "...a compact and exciting do-it-yourself kit for the student of Gothic history... outstanding."—Bryn Mawr Classical Review
-
1
-
-
2 hours ago, Obskiuras said:
I will take advantage of this video to make the fortress of the Suebians. Thanks @Genava55
Your welcome
Edit: by the way I added new books in my message on the first page in case you are interested @wowgetoffyourcellphone
-
2
-
-
-
Documentary mostly giving evidences from the Alemanni
Small documentary about the Frankish warrior during the 5th century AD:
On 4/29/2020 at 1:59 AM, Genava55 said:Some footage from the place:
-
3
-
-
Germanic Shield Combat
-
2
-
-
-
9 hours ago, m7600 said:
Sorry to intrude here, but I just wanted to say that purple was a really expensive color before the Modern Era. They had to get the purple pigments from sea snails. I don't recall the exact numbers, but they had to crush hundreds of those snails to get just a tiny amount of pigments. Only royalty could afford purple clothes.
True but ancient authors tell us that people faked Tyrian purple with indigo, and probably also by mixing different pigment.
-
3 hours ago, Ultimate Aurelian said:
Is it possible for them to use torcs ?
Torcs weren't in use by Germans and weren't found in Germanic context. It is possible they would have been accepted as a gift however the torcs have no meaning for them.
Maybe it is instead the Kronenhalsringen? Or even the Roman phalerae with smaller torcs?
4 hours ago, Ultimate Aurelian said:Not sure if that is true; perhaps he was basing his description on ceremonial costume ?
Good question. Generally the few representation of Germanic women didn't represent their costume like this. In the case of the Portonaccio sarcophagus, a woman shows her breast only because her sleeve/strap is down.
-
2 hours ago, Nescio said:
Yes, Northern Tunisia belongs to the same geographic area as Northern Algeria. It was also a lot more fertile than it is today. Elephants could have roamed throughout the Mediterranean coastal strip. The Sahara alternates between complete desert and green savanna every 10,000 years or so, thus there were probably some elephants when the area was green in the Neolithic, but in Hellenistic times the Sahara was a desert, like now.
"like now" probably not. Northern Sahara knows an increasing trend of desertification that is due from a very long term change itself due to global and regional climate changes as you pointed out with the cycle of humid and dry periods, however the trend is still going. Furthermore, the rise of pastoralism accelerated the trend of desertification up to the modern period when a more productive agriculture started with the colonization. This further accelerated the desertification.
Anyway I wasn't suggesting the elephants were everywhere in Northern Sahara. It is simply that a huge number of ecosystems were connected during the African Humid Period, with steppes, lakes and forests. Since this period ended between 4000 and 3000 BC, there was indeed a rapid change in the Sahara transforming the landscape in a desert but they were actually still remaining ecosystems in the margins at the end of the bronze age. Notably in West Africa where the change is less abrupt and close to the Tibesti mountains like in the case of the Lake Yoa. It took millennia for these ecosystems to completely collapse. So I have personally the hypothesis that elephants were still present in remaining pockets of these ecosystems during Hellenistic times (like the Atlas mountains woodland at the foothills but not only). Maybe these elephants are simply smaller because of insular dwarfism.
-
1
-
-
24 minutes ago, Nescio said:
With “Troglodytic and Ethiopian elephants” the inscription means elephants from the coast (T) and interior (E). If Ptolemy III had any Libyan elephants, they would have been called as such; also note “the kingdom of Egypt and Libya [i.e. Cyrenaica]” etc. earlier in the inscription.
Ok thanks for the clarification. I thought the term was used for tribes at the West of Nile as well, closer to the Tibesti Mountains, but I was wrong. I found really weird they distinguish coastal and interior elephants from really further lands if there is no difference between them.
30 minutes ago, Nescio said:Moreover, I doubt there were any elephants in the Northern Sahara steppe in Classical times; Carthage seems to have captured them in the woodlands surrounding the Atlas mountains (Morocco and Northern Algeria).
There is also evidence for elephant remains in Northern Tunisia during the 9th century BC:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X16302693
QuoteThe appearance of three fragments of elephant tusks is significant (See Fig. 4,5). They certainly belong to the African species, Loxodonta africana Blumenbach, 1797, which is divided into two geographical subspecies, the savanna elephant, L. africana africana and the forest elephant, L. africana cyclotis. The first, at the start of the twentieth century, reached the northern edge of the Sahara through Senegal, Mauritania, Chad and the Sahelian region of Sudan and Somalia. Increasing aridity in North Africa during the Neolithic steadily pushed this subspecies to the South. As for the forest elephant, they currently located in the Congo Basin and a northern coastal strip towards Senegal, although it is possible that, due to wetter weather conditions in the past, they could have reached latitudes close to the Canary Islands. In the Roman period, the forest elephant occupied the litho-Mediterranean strip, from Tripolitania to the Atlantic, bordering to the South with the foothills of the Atlas Mountains (Krzyskowska, Morlot, 2000: 323). According to Pliny the Elder (Nat. His. VII, 11, 32), elephants could still be obtained in North Africa at his time (first century CE. He also writes that the first Roman general who crossed the Atlas found forests full of elephants, confirming the conclusion that the forest subspecies still existed at that time in those latitudes. It was, indeed, in this region, where the Carthaginians got their war elephants, where their extinction was confirmed around the fourth century CE. The remains of tusks found in Utica may represent remnants of raw materials used for ivory crafts, demonstrating the use of a commodity whose use became common shortly after with the full expansion of Phoenician trade.
-
23 minutes ago, Ultimate Aurelian said:
Goths could have the no- territory nomadic gameplay.
Suebians could have weak buildings and ox carts like nomads but still have territory (Early germanics did not migrate as far, Tacitus says tribes where proud of how much empty land surrounded their settlements.) .
Maybe I am confusing with Caesar account in book 6:
QuoteThey do not pay much attention to agriculture, and a large portion of their food consists in milk, cheese, and flesh; nor has any one a fixed quantity of land or his own individual limits; but the magistrates and the leading men each year apportion to the tribes and families, who have united together, as much land as, and in the place in which, they think proper, and the year after compel them to remove elsewhere. For this enactment they advance many reasons - lest seduced by long-continued custom, they may exchange their ardor in the waging of war for agriculture; lest they may be anxious to acquire extensive estates, and the more powerful drive the weaker from their possessions; lest they construct their houses with too great a desire to avoid cold and heat; lest the desire of wealth spring up, from which cause divisions and discords arise; and that they may keep the common people in a contented state of mind, when each sees his own means placed on an equality with [those of] the most powerful.
It is the greatest glory to the several states to have as wide deserts as possible around them, their frontiers having been laid waste. They consider this the real evidence of their prowess, that their neighbors shall be driven out of their lands and abandon them, and that no one dare settle near them; at the same time they think that they shall be on that account the more secure, because they have removed the apprehension of a sudden incursion. When a state either repels war waged against it, or wages it against another, magistrates are chosen to preside over that war with such authority, that they have power of life and death. In peace there is no common magistrate, but the chiefs of provinces and cantons administer justice and determine controversies among their own people. Robberies which are committed beyond the boundaries of each state bear no infamy, and they avow that these are committed for the purpose of disciplining their youth and of preventing sloth. And when any of their chiefs has said in an assembly "that he will be their leader, let those who are willing to follow, give in their names;" they who approve of both the enterprise and the man arise and promise their assistance and are applauded by the people; such of them as have not followed him are accounted in the number of deserters and traitors, and confidence in all matters is afterward refused them. To injure guests they regard as impious; they defend from wrong those who have come to them for any purpose whatever, and esteem them inviolable; to them the houses of all are open and maintenance is freely supplied.
Probably a reference to transhumance.
-
14 minutes ago, Nescio said:
Thx. Seems an interesting article and I will read it later.
The thing I found particularly interesting is the mention of Troglodytic elephants, which could be an adjective for Libyan elephants. Herodotus did mention elephants previously in Lybia but his concept of Lybia is less clear than for later historians. It is interesting to have literacy evidences for elephant in North Africa and not only the neolithic carvings in Atlas mountains and skeletons from Tibesti in the Lybian desert dated from late bronze age and iron age.
15 minutes ago, Nescio said:Taking everything together, I'm inclined to agree with Charles (2008), that Carthaginian elephants typically did not carry turrets, but might have on special occassions (e.g. parades), which is probably also true for the Roman elephants.
Yeah me neither. I wasn't sure about this opinion as well. This is why I asked your opinion, you know better than me the classical sources.
16 minutes ago, Nescio said:(Yes, the Romans had African war elephants on multiple occassions, including the battles of Cynoscephalae (197 BC), Thermopylae (191 BC), Magnesia (190 BC), during the Second Celtiberian War (154–151 BC), and possibly during the invasions of Britain.)
And against the Gauls in southern France, Ahenobarbus used elephants against the Arverni and the Allobroges (121 BC).
===[TASK]=== Celtic Unit Textures
in Official tasks
Posted · Edited by Genava55
Yes it is a common design for helmet, although the Dusseldorf is maybe linked to Italic and Greco-Italic helmets because of the back neck-guard. However it was an old analogy made in the literature so it is only a hypothesis. Sadly the origin of the Dusseldorf helmet is obscure and the dating is entirely based on the typology/technology... which is not certain either.
Probably not. At least I never seen an author suggesting this. The bump seems a bit small for a fixation. Maybe it is a repair.