For maps situated in Africa, it's important to realize the continent consists of several distinct ecoregions (get a decent map or consult Wikipedia (linked). From north to south:
Mediterranean zone (used to be fertile): coastal Morocco to Egypt.
Atlas Mountains (wooded): Morocco to northern Tunisia.
Sahara (desert): Mauretania to Egypt.
Sahel (transition zone): Mauretania to Sudan.
Sudan (savanna):
West Sudanian savanna: Senegal to Northern Nigeria;
North Central savanna: southern Chad, northern Central African Republic, western South Sudan;
East Sudanian savanna: Uganda to Eritrea.
The Sudd (swamp along the Nile in the centre of South Sudan) separates the savanna regions.
Forest-savanna mosaic (nomen est omen):
Guinean: Senegal to Cameroon; also includes the Dahomey Gap;
Northern Congolian: Cameroon to South Sudan.
Tropical moist broadleaf forests (I doubt anyone would ever use this technical term in daily language):
Upper Guinean forests: Guinea and Sierra Leone to Togo;
Lower Guinean forests: Benin to Cameroon;
Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests: Cameroon to Democratic Republic of Congo;
Northwestern Congolian lowland forests: Cameroon to DRC;
Congolian rainforests: Cameroon to DRC.
The above is roughly the situation north of the equator. Below the equator you get practically the same ecoregions, though in reversed order, under different names, in different countries.
The different ecoregions are actually identifiable from space:
Of course, it's easier on schematic maps:
These vegetation zones correlate (i.e. not a 1:1 correspondence) with climate:
precipitation (rainfal):
temperature:
and, to a lesser extent, even language families: