Ok, that was to early. The problem appeared back again, but this time I noticed that it's not related to 0ad at all. Apparently that problem appears whenever compositing for my DE gets enabled or disabled. As running 0ad disables it, it looked like it is related to 0ad, while it is not.
For somebody running with KDE it should be fairly simply to check: Start Firefox and open some page, switch compositing with CTRL + Shift + F12 and you should see blank pages in Firefox.