Let 0 A.D one RTS game that takes those of African descent seriously.

[tribalbeat]

If you want people to take this demand seriously, try drafting a unit and building list for your faction. Tell us how they play and what they do. What are their strengths? What are their weaknesses? What do their units and buildings look like? Where are they actually from? And most importantly, how did they impact or communicate with the other civilizations of this time? To walk in here demanding an "African civilization" and claim that anyone who does not agree is racist and a fan of slavery, is extremely lazy and insulting to a lot of the artists and programmer who have been working on this project.

I'd like to note that 0 AD is open source, you are entirely free to create whatever faction you want in game and then show it off.

[av93]

I think that there's too many greek/hellenistic civs. It's harder then to add more civs if you don't want to reduce differences between them.

[Zeta1127]

There are so many Hellenic civs for one reason, because the Hellenes were very influential, and the addition of the Thebans will probably be necessary in order to properly do a campaign in the future.

[Lion.Kanzen]

for campaign be can modes each factions

[Andrettin]

African civilizations would be a cool addition, but unfortunately it is not so simple. All the work needed for the graphics would have to be done, along with historical research and etc. To make an entire civilization is a lot of effort.

Edited February 7, 2015 by Andrettin

[s0600204]

If you can't find the time or effort to draft an entire civilisation proposal, at the very least present us with some references or links so that the community can explore this idea more fully. I, personally, would love to expand my world view and learn more about early african civilisation and culture. Tell us, show us, describe to us, provide the community with resources so we can get some idea of what Africa was really like, and no doubt someone will be inspired. As serveurix said above, "tell us more".

Edit: The wikipedia link to an article describing the ancient city of Meroe is a good start.

Edited February 8, 2015 by s0600204

[Lion.Kanzen]

For me inquiring new cultures is a element to expand the game to new players, for example Indian culture was included only in few RTS

And AOEO 3 was the first in age of empires series to include them.

For the first vanilla 1.0 , 12 factions are good. But we need explore new alternatives included others. The problem with mods the people thinks the mods are underrated unlike to principal game, for me mods can explore others ages and gameplay.

Is my opinion only.

[Stan`]

Well wait for him to come back. I'm sure he'll give me some artistic inspiration

[wowgetoffyourcellphone]

Kushites would be good civ. Had 2 wars with Rome. Very unique. Problem is it is difficult to come up with some units. I can imagine a special map for them: The Sudd.

[Lion.Kanzen]

Kushites would be good civ. Had 2 wars with Rome. Very unique. Problem is it is difficult to come up with some units. I can imagine a special map for them: The Sudd.

which units?

[wowgetoffyourcellphone]

which units?

We can assume they used spearmen and archer like all other civ? But do we know if they had good cavalry or not. Did they use war elephant?

[Lion.Kanzen]

You are right , can be hard to balance, "the African factions (sub Saharan ) don't are knew for have evidence of cavalry units. Unlike carthage and Egypt.

[Stan`]

They could have a very good infantry though, or maybe.. some kind of population bonus (ie : Zulus vs British);

[Lion.Kanzen]

http://aoe3.heavengames.com/cgi-bin/forums/display.cgi?action=ct&f=9,25491,,10

Look like someone else planned a mod for Age of Mythology and Total War Rome

[Lion.Kanzen]

The Kingdom of Kush or Kush (/kʊʃ, kʌʃ/) was an ancient African kingdom situated on the confluences of the Blue Nile, White Nile and River Atbara in what is now the Republic of Sudan.

Established after the Bronze Age collapse and the disintegration of the New Kingdom of Egypt, it was centered at Napata in its early phase. After King Kashta ("the Kushite") invaded Egypt in the 8th century BC, the Kushite kings ruled as pharaohs of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt for a century, until they were expelled by Psamtik I in 656 BC.

During Classical antiquity, the Kushite imperial capital was at Meroe. In early Greek geography, the Meroitic kingdom was known as Ethiopia. The Kushite kingdom with its capital at Meroe persisted until the 4th century AD, when it weakened and disintegrated due to internal rebellion.

------------------------------------------

So this people have a remarked New Kingdom influence.

Another source. Some detailed

http://earlyworldhistory.blogspot.com/2012/03/kushite-kingdom.html

The Kushite kingdom flourished in the northern part of present-day Sudan (called Nubia by the Romans) and southern Egypt. From their capital at Napata, the Kushites controlled the trade between Egypt and East Africa and developed into a major military power.

Under the leadership of Piy, Kush forces moved into Upper Egypt, conquering Thebes and, in spite of strong resistance, Memphis. Under King Shabako (r. 721-706 b.c.e.) the Kushites established their own dynastic rule over Egypt but retained many of the old Egyptian customs, particularly regarding burials, and adopted the Egyptian pantheon of gods.

The Kushites developed their own written language based on Egyptian hieroglyphics, but as this language has yet to be deciphered, much remains to be learned about Kushite history and customs.

As the Assyrians conquered the eastern Mediterranean and moved into Egypt, the Kushites were forced to retreat southward into the Sudan where they built a new capital at Meroë, north of modern Khartoum.

Controlling the valuable gold mines in the Sudan and acting as middlemen in trade between East Africa and the eastern Mediterranean, as well as Greece, the Kushites grew wealthy. The numerous ruins of temples, tombs, pyramids, and palaces at Meroë and environs are evidence of the prosperity and artistic complexity of the Kushite kingdom.

The Kushites also produced high-grade iron for the manufacture of weapons. They may have transmitted their skills in iron smelting and the lost-wax process for bronze casting to West Africa, or that knowledge may have emerged independently in that area.

By 300 c.e. the Kushite kingdom had begun to decline as its trade in iron and other products with Egypt diminished. Attacks from the newly emerging kingdom at Axum in present-day Ethiopia further weakened it, and it finally fell to Axum rule in the fourth century c.e.

-----------------------------------

I'm not sure if we can open a topic to upload info. But this guy need create and validate document design if is enough interested.

Edited February 9, 2015 by Lion.Kanzen

[Lion.Kanzen]

The Persian Shah Artaxerxes III's defeat of the Egyptian Pharaoh Nectanebo II in 343 BC marked the official end of an already declining Egypt as an independent nation. From that point forward, Egypt would

Kush, once a province of the Egyptian empire, became an independent nation circa 1070 BC. Initially its capital was Napata near the modern Sudanese town of Kuraymah, but between 591 and 300 BC, the capital shifted to Meroe to the southeast. The Greek historian Diodoros claimed that a Kushite Pharaoh named Arkamani, who was influenced by Greek philosophy, made the move after rebelling against a tradition that he must kill himself once his time to rule had ended, but more recent scholarship suggests that the capital change was instead caused by the earlier Pharaoh Aspelta and was motivated by a transition from bronze to iron technology. According to this argument, since Meroe had more trees around it than Napata, it could provide more fuel for blast furnaces.

Whatever inspired the change, Meroe had been a prosperous town since the eighth century BC thanks to its position alongside several river and caravan routes linking central and northeastern Africa. Its wealth would increase to an even greater extent once it became the political center of Kush, with its commercial connections extending not only to the Mediterranean and African lands but also Asian nations as far away as India and China. Particularly important to the Kushite economy during the Meroitic Period was a thriving iron industry and the exportation of gold, jewelry, cotton textiles, and animal products such as ivory and big cat furs. However, the Meroitic Kushites, by making use of an animal-powered water wheel for irrigation, were also able to improve their agriculture.

Kush's many riches funded many construction projects. Among the monuments built by the Kushites were temples, pyramidal tombs (the Kushites actually built more pyramids than the Egyptians before them), palaces, elaborate underground pipe systems, gardens of fruit trees, Roman-style bathhouses and even what appear to be stables for war elephants. Even though the architecture drew heavily upon Nilotic traditions first established by the Egyptians, Greco-Roman influence is apparent in the columns' designs and the measurements used by the architects.

Kush departed from Egyptian traditions in other ways during the Meroitic Period. Beginning around the 2nd century BC, the Kushites replaced the old Egyptian hieroglyphs with a unique cursive writing script that has yet to be fully deciphered. While the Kushite religious pantheon was mostly similar to the Egyptian one, with the creator god Amun being especially important, some new gods, such as the lion-headed warrior god Apedemak, were added. In addition, the Kushites reformed their government so that the Pharaoh, while still an autocratic god-king, had limitations on his power: succession required consent from the nobility and priesthood, an unpopular king could be impeached, and commoners (particularly herdsmen) may have had a degree of political freedom from the central government. Although royal women had always exerted some influence on Nilotic politics, this was particularly evident during the Meroitic Period, which is famous for its powerful Queens and Queen Mothers.

An ancient legend claims that the famous Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great once attempted to invade Kush, but was so terrified by the army of war elephants amassed by the Kushite Queen that he turned back without a fight. Most historians doubt that this really happened, but we do know that the Kushites did fight the Romans centuries later. After Egypt became a Roman province in the first century BC, the Egyptians revolted against Roman taxation policies. The Kushites, ruled by Queen Amanishekhato at this time, took advantage of this by attacking Aswan on the Egyptian border, defeating the local Roman garrison and throwing down statues to the Emperor. The Romans retaliated by sending a legion into Kush, managing to destroy the old city of Napata, but the war concluded with a peace treaty between Kush and Rome that made relations between the two powers generally peaceful until the third century AD.

The 4th century AD saw the decline of Meroitic Kush. Why this happened is not fully known, but conflicts with nomadic desert tribes, erosion of the soil by livestock's overgrazing, and depletion of trees for use in furnaces are among the proposed explanations. The contemporaneous decline of Rome may have also been a factor, for Roman legions could no longer protect Kushite trade routes from raiders. Ultimately Kush was conquered by the Ethiopian king Ezana, who converted the Kushites to Christianity and brought their written and spoken language to an end. From that point onward, Kush would no longer be a major civilization.

Sources:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mero%C3%AB

http://endingstereotypes.org/ancient_nubia.html

http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~rauhn/ancient_africa.htm

http://www.ancientsudan.org/history_10_rome.htm

http://www.numibia.net/nubia/meroe.htm

http://wysinger.homestead.com/amanirenas.html

http://wysinger.homestead.com/candace.html

http://wysinger.homestead.com/nubianpolitics.html

Edited February 9, 2015 by Lion.Kanzen

[Lion.Kanzen]

Our time frame is called Meroitic Kushite 592 Bc-350 AD

--------the are other amazing read to understand about this civilization -------

The Meroitic Kushite period is named after the royal burial ground at Meroe, situated between the Fifth and Sixth Cataracts. In the third century BC the royal cemetery was moved there from Napata, though Meroe had long been one of the major centers of the Kushite state. This move coincided with the arrival of Greek culture in Egypt, following the country's conquest by Alexander the Great. The resulting Graeco-Egyptian culture influenced the Kingdom of Kush giving its later phases a distinctive character. This was in contrast to the preceding Napatan period, which was influenced by the Pharaonic Egyptian culture. The Kushite kingdom prospered from control of the trade routes along the Nile valley from Central Africa to Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt, particularly after the 2nd Century when the camel was introduced to Africa and there was a flourishing of caravan routes across the continent. Its position gave Meroe access to trading outlets on the Red Sea. The kingdom also had the resources needed for the smelting of iron: ore, water from the Nile and wood from acacia trees to make charcoal.

In 24 BC, soon after Rome had taken Egypt from Anthony and Cleopatra, the Kushites invaded Lower Nubia, attacking and plundering Syrene, Elephantine and Philae. From there, they push on to Thebes and defeated its Roman garrison. Strabo reported that the Kushite Queen "enslaved the inhabitants, and threw down a statue of Caesar". A bronze head of Augustus was unearthed in excavation at Meroe in 1912, and can be seen in the British Museum.

The Roman general Aelius Petronius was dispatched into Nubia. He met and defeated a Meroitic army and drove on to Napata, which was said to have been captured and destroyed, and its inhabitants enslaved. The Kushites sent envoys for negotiations at Samos Island and concluded a peace treaty. Kushite tribute was suspended and a permanent ambassadorial position was established between Meroe and Roman Egypt. The Romans withdrew to Maharraka, which established Roman control of Lower Nubia. The peace treaty endured for three centuries, with special emphasis on Red Sea trade, even into the Indian Ocean. Curiously, in Stabo's account it was noted that the Merotic queen, Kandake Amanirenawas, was "a very masculine sort of woman and blind in one eye."

By A.D. 300-350, Meroe was largely abandoned due mainly to environmental pollution. The smelting industry had poisoned the soil. Trees had been cut down and the resulting erosion had washed away the topsoil thus reducing the ability to feed the population. In A.D. 350, the Christian King Ezana of Axum defeated Meroitic forces, and the Meroitic period ended. The Meroitic written language has never been translated.

Edited February 9, 2015 by Lion.Kanzen

[wowgetoffyourcellphone]

[Lion.Kanzen]

When termite with general history I will try about their soldiers.

[Lion.Kanzen]

The Meroitic State: Nubia as a Hellenistic African State. 300 B.C.-350 AD

The Napatan Phase of the Nubian culture ended when the royal cemetery was transferred from Napata to Meroe in the early third century BC. This inaugurated the phase called the "Meroitic," in which the culture seemed to free itself from the strict adherance to Egyptian norms and developed many original traits. The dramatic shift in the Kushite culture almost certainly had to do with an event recorded by the Greek historican Diodorus. He stated that prior to the reign of a king named Ergamenes, a contemporary of Ptolemy II of Egypt (285-246 BC), it had been the custom for the high priests, probably at Napata, to send a message to the king, supposedly from the great god himself, advising him that the time of his rule on earth was finished and that he must die. Traditionally the kings had obeyed the divine orders and had taken their own lives. Ergamenes, however, "who had received instruction in Greek philosophy, was the first to disdain this command. With the determination worthy of a king he came with an armed force to the forbidden place where the golden temple of the Aithiopians was situated and slaughtered all the priests, abolished this tradition, and instituted practices at his own discretion". It was about this time that the first royal tomb was built at Meroe: of a king named "Arkamani" (=Ergamanes). Soon thereafter, Kushite art and architecture began to develop individualistic styles. The royal family appeared much more "African" in their images and in their standards of beauty. The royal costumes and crowns were unique. A lion god, unknown in the Egyptian pantheon, became pre-eminent in the southern part of the kingdom. And Egyptian language and writing were largely abandoned for official monuments and were replaced by the native Nubian language (called "Meroitic"), which was for the first time written down in newly devised hieroglyphic and cursive alphabets.

Meroe seems to have been a flourishing town at least as early as the eighth century BC. It was situated at the junction of several main river and caravan routes, connecting central Africa, via the Blue and White Niles, with Egypt, and the Upper Nile region itself with Kordofan, the Red Sea and the Ethiopian highlands. Since it lay within the rainbelt, the land about it was seasonally more productive than the region of Napata, and it was thus a somewhat more pleasant place to live. By the third century BC it was only one of several large towns that had arisen in the same region. Bounded to the west by the Nile, the north by the River Atbara and to the south by the Blue Nile, this area, now known as the Butana, was the heartland of the later Kushite kingdom, and came to be known in classical literature as "the Island of Meroe."

Our historical knowledge of Meroitic history is scant. When the kings ceased writing in Egyptian and began writing in their own Meroitic language, we suddenly cease being able to understand their official inscriptions. Meroitic, unfortunately, has not yet been deciphered; the key has never yet been found. All our knowledge of Meroitic history is thus based on the few surviving Greek and Roman reports, and on data recovered archaeologically.

The rulers of the Meroitic Period were contemporaries with the Ptolemies of Egypt and the Romans. In the third century BC, they maintained friendly relations with the Ptolemies, since the kings of the two neighboring Nile states collaborated in renovating the temples of Lower Nubia, sacred to both Kush and Egypt. Agents of the Ptolemies also traveled up the Nile as explorers and emissaries, some perhaps traveling to Meroe to haggle with the Kushite ruler over the price of war elephants which they sought to purchase for the armies of Egypt. The Roman historian Pliny preserves the names of several Greeks who actually resided at Meroe. One, named Simonides, was said to have lived there five years and to have written a book about his adventures. There was obviously a brusque trade between Meroe and Egypt and even beyond, since numerous Greek and Roman object have been found at Meroe: a wine jar from one of the royal tombs, in fact, is stamped with a mark indicating it had come from a region of Algeria. By the first century AD some of the Meroitic gods had even taken on aspects of some of the Olympian deities, and some temples were built using Greek measurement, and incorporated on Hellenistic features and ornament.

Scanty, but certainly accurate accounts of the capital Meroe have come down to us in the works of Pliny and Strabo, both of whom had at their disposal the reports of the team of explorers sent to Meroe by Nero about 60 AD to seek the source of the Nile. Pliny stated that Meroe was in an area where the grass became greener where scrub forest first began to appear and where elephants and rhinoceros could be seen in small numbers. The buildings in the town, at that time, he said, "were few in number," but there were temples to "Jupiter Hammon" (Amun), besides "smaller shrines erected in his honor throughout all the country." Strabo had noted further that the palace at Meroe had a garden full of fruit trees, and that the houses of the common folk were constructed of bricks or "interwoven pieces of split palm wood."

Today Meroe is the largest archaeological site in the Sudan. Lying about a half a mile from the river, the city ruins alone cover about a square mile in area. Today they lie in an acacia scrub forest. Most prominent among the ruins is the huge stone walled enclosure containing the rubble remains of the palace and government buildings, several small temples (one with painted frescoes), and a so-called "Roman bath" or nymphaeum. Immediately behind it sprawls another walled com-pound enclosing the Amun Temple, a near copy of the one at Gebel Barkal. The remains of several other major sanctuaries lie nearby among the trees. Between these and the palace compound there are the extensive unexcavated mounds of the settlement, and on the east end of the city, on the edge of the desert, there are great slag heaps which have suggested that Meroe was an important iron working center. While cattle raising and the farming of millet and barley seem to have been the major occupations of the people at large, the city prospered by its river and overland trade. According to Strabo this trade probably involved the procurement and transshipment of salt, copper, iron, gold, various kinds of precious stones, valuable woods and animal products such as ivory and the skins of lion and leopard. Oddly enough, unlike the principalities within the Graeco-Roman sphere, Meroe never made use of coinage, instead doing all business only in barter.

Northern Cemetery, Meroe, Sudan

Northern Cemetery, Meroe, Sudan

Behind the city in the eastern desert lie its vast cemeteries. Those nearest the town were reserved for the common people. Those about a mile and a half distant bear the small masonry pyramids of the nobles and lesser members of the royal family, and finally, about three miles away, lining the tops of two ridges, are the towering pyra-mids of the rulers, of which over forty can be counted.

If Meroe was the major city of the kingdom, it was not the only one. The Butana Steppe is dotted with other Meroitic remains. Some up to sixty miles east of the Nile. Other settlements have been identified further south along the Blue and White Niles, and many Meroitic settlements arose in Lower Nubia, some barely a hundred miles south of Aswan. Apart from the capital, the most monumental sites are three, which lie between forty and fifty miles south of Meroe. At Wad Ban Naga, on the east bank of the Nile, there may be seen the remains of an enormous palace, together with two temples and a town. This was apparently a river port leading to the two great inland centers Naga and Musawwarat es-Sufra, built on the plain some twelve to eighteen miles inland. The first of these was clearly an important religious center, for it possesses the ruins of seven stone temples, a town, and a cemetery. On-going excavations here have revealed that the town was also surrounded by numerous manor houses with plantations.

The Great Enclosure, Musawwarat es-Sufra, Sudan, 3rd century BC

The Great Enclosure, Musawwarat es-Sufra,

Sudan, 3rd century BC

The latter site, ten miles to the north, was also a cult center and perhaps, too, a caravanserai. The most spectacular site in the Butana, Musawwarat contains the sprawling ruin known as the "Great Enclosure", a labyrinth of stone buildings, temples, corridors, ramps, and courtyards. Tremendous stone walls partition the complex into no less than twenty separate compounds, which have recently been found to be protected gardens of fruit trees, all brought, together with their appropriate soil, from the banks of the Nile and watered by an elaborate underground pipe system. The function of the complex is not really known. Some have suggested that it was a seasonal palace; others, a pilgrimage center; and others, a royal hunting pavilion. While both the sites of Naga and Musawwarat now be in virtual desert, careful management of somewhat greater rainfall in ancient times made the area much more fertile than it is today. Huge hafirs (catch-basins) were constructed at each site to collect the annual rainwater and keep it until needed. The largest hafir at Musawwarat is 800 ft. across and 20 ft.. Stone statues of guardian lions and frogs ringed many of these artificial lakes magically protecting their contents.

The major god of the region of Meroe was a divinity of local origin, called Apede-mak. He was perhaps a lion form of Amun and was often identified with the moon. He normally took the form of a powerful lion-headed man, dressed in armor. He usually appeared in the reliefs of his temple in a warlike aspect, standing or seated on a throne or on an elephant, grasping prisoners and weapons of war, or holding elephants and lions on leashes. Magnificent temples in his honor were built at every major site in the Butana.

The finest surviving examples being those at Naga and Musawwarat. The Apedemak Temple at Naga is adorned with reliefs depicting the imposing figures of its builders, King Natakamani and Queen Amanitore doing homage to the lion god. (This royal pair, who lived at about the time of Christ, seem to have presided over a Meroitic "Golden Age," as the remains of numerous buildings bear their names.) In the decorative scheme of this temple the figure of the queen appears just as prominently as that of her husband, providing a clear indication of the unusual status accorded women in the Meroitic monarchy. Judging by the many large pyramids of queens and the remains of buildings bearing their names exclusively, Meroe after the third century BC seems to have been ruled by many queens in their own right. Classical writers were so impressed with this fact that they often assumed that Meroe was ruled only by women, who, they thought always bore the name "Candace." This name, the origin of our modern female name, was in fact a Meroitic queenly title, which may have meant "Queen regent".

In 24 BC, soon after Rome had wrested Egypt from Anthony and Cleopatra, the Kushites invaded Lower Nubia, attacking and plundering even Aswan to test the new northern power. This is virtually the only incident in which Meroe appears directly on the stage of Roman history. Following this challenge to Augustus' authority, the Roman general Petronius was immediately dispatched into Nubia. He met and defeated a Meroitic army and drove on to Napata, which was said to have been captured and destroyed by him, and its inhabitants enslaved. The Meroites and Romans ultimately made a peace treaty, which endured for three centuries. Curiously, in the Roman account it was noted that the Merotic queen was "a very masculine sort of woman and blind in one eye." This strange description is given substance by the even stranger portrayals of these ladies that appear in reliefs in their tomb chapels and temples. The successive Candaces Amanishakheto and Amanitore, for example, both of whom are nearly contemporary with Petronius' campaign, are depicted as massive, powerful figures, enormously fat, covered with jewels and ornament and elaborate fringed and tasseled robes. Their huge frames tower over their diminutive enemies, whom they are shown grasping brutally by the hair with one hand and dealing the coup de grace with the other. The social and aesthetic implications expressed by these reliefs are very different from those of Egypt, where women preferred to be portrayed as lithe and slim. This attribute, together with the facial scars worn by both the kings and queens of the Meroitic period, were the marks of physical beauty, common to central Africa, and suggest how much more southern oriented the kingdom had become since the days of the 25th Dynasty. Doubtless, over the centuries, the Meroitic ruling house had been infused many times with new ethnic strains and tribal affiliations

During the Meroitic Period over forty kings and queens were buried at Meroe. Their pyramids, which are better preserved than those at Nuri, continued the same basic royal tomb form. Of all the tombs, not one was found unplundered. There is even reason to suppose that in some cases the robbers were the very men who were employed in cutting the tombs. From reliefs preserved in the tomb chapels it is clear that the royal mummies were laid in wooden anthropoid coffins; these were placed in the inner-most chambers of the tombs on raised masonry benches carved with divine figures. The bodies were evidently weighted down with jewelry. The larger tombs contained remnants of weapons, bows, quivers of arrows, archer's thumb rings, horse trappings, wooden boxes and furniture, colored glass vessels and bottles. fine and coarse pottery, bronze lamps, elegant bronze and silver vessels and other utensils, many of them imported from Egypt and the Greek and Roman worlds.

Many of the tombs at Meroe contained multiple human skeletons, again reminding us of the Kerma burials in which people were sacrificed to accompany the dead. Writing in the first century BC, the Greek writer Diodorus remarked of the Meroites that it was "customary for the comrades of the kings even to die with them of their own accord and that such a death is an honorable one and proof of true friendship." He added also that "it was for that reason that a conspiracy against the king is not easily raised among the Ethiopians, all his friends being concerned both for his safety and for their own." Excavations have revealed that it was not only the kings who took others with them in death. Many tombs of lesser importance contained small groups of subsidiary skeletons and it was clear that most wealthy persons were buried with servants. For the royal tombs, animals too were slaughtered, usually on the landings of the deep stairways, just outside the sealed entrances to the burial chamber. Here were found the remains of yoked horses, oxen, or even camels and dogs, and bodies of attendants.

Timothy Kendall

Edited February 9, 2015 by Lion.Kanzen

[Lion.Kanzen]

--------

Sun temple at Meroe.

http://www.sudanforum.net/showthread.php?t=176227&page=10

Edited February 9, 2015 by Lion.Kanzen

[Lion.Kanzen]

This one is some out time frame

[wowgetoffyourcellphone]

One idea would be that Kushites advace phases by building bigger and bigger pyramid tomb.

[Lion.Kanzen]

One idea would be that Kushites advace phases by building bigger and bigger pyramid tomb.

I see some units figures looks like weak armies(armor) with powerful archers and Swordman like Mauryans, maybe uses camel Arabic units with Elephants, they comer es withb Egypt , Arabia And India.

Have a lot of gold mines, and they are the first to introduces camel cavalry to east Africa.

Edited February 9, 2015 by Lion.Kanzen

[Lion.Kanzen]

Kandake “Candace” of Meroe

A very famous Kandake was “Candace” of Meroe; she was the queen of Nubia at the time of the conquests of Alexander the Great. According to legend, Alexander encountered her when he invaded Nubia. However, Alexander never attacked Nubia; but keep reading anyway.

The story unveils that when Alexander attempted to conquer her lands in 332 BC, the Kandake arranged her armies strategically to meet him and sat regally on a war elephant as he approached. Talk about showmanship.

Having assessed the strength of her armies, Alexander decided to withdraw from Nubia, heading to Egypt instead. Another story claims that Alexander and Candace had a romantic encounter, there has to be a movie here.

The whole story of Alexander and Candace’s encounter is unfortunately what legends are made of.

The Western name “Candace” is actually a form of the title “Kentake”, try explaining that one in Small town, USA to a bunch of Candy’s.