Sundiata
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Posts posted by Sundiata
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@balduin You're right, I will be going through the posts again to number them soon.
I posted an example of horse harness remains from the royal cemeteries here
Yes, women could rise to the highest position of power in Kush: Amanitore, Amanirenas, Amanishakheto, Shanakdakhete, Nawidemak, Amanikhatashan, Maleqorobar and Lakhideamani. They were called by the title "Kandake", or queen of Kush. Most of the rulers of Kush have been men though.
About scale armor, I'm pretty sure it was worn by anybody able to afford it (for themselves or their retinues). As Kush was quite wealthy and advanced, they were able to import, as well as probably produce it. They were introduced to the technology from around 1650 BCE onwards, when their Hyksos allies invaded and occupied Egypt as the 15th dynasty, and introduced many new military technologies to the Nile Valley, including scale armor. Scale armor would have been worn by royals and nobles able to afford it (Heroes and champion units).
Egyptian contact with the Middle East influenced the development of the New Kingdom army in many ways. The 25th Kushite dynasty ruled all of Egypt, and laid a very strong foundation for the Napatan as well as the Meroitic period. During the 25th dynasty, Kushite pharaoh's had unlimited access to everything produced in Egypt and Canaan as well, and these influences diffused in to Sudan, attested in many different ways (architecture, luxury imports, new technologies, artistic and religious influences). I believe we can safely assume New Kingdom Egyptian military systems laid the foundation for the formal army setup of ancient Kush (the 25th dynasty was essentially an Egyptian [-styled] dynasty, ruled by Kushites, modeled on the New Kingdom).
Therefore I will share a number of images relating to the New Kingdom Egyptian military, in order to contextualize the the 25th dynasty's military heritage, and influence on later periods of Kush. These images can be used to some extent as a source of inspiration for Kushite units. All the images are from "109 Osprey Men-At-Arms Series: Ancient Armies of the Middle East"
"Bronze scales from a 14th century [BC] body armour, found in the palace of Amenhotep III in Thebes. Clearly visible are the holes through which the scales were sewn on to a leather or thickly padded fabric coat, the way the scales were fitted to each other, and the central spine which gave greater strength without increasing weight"
Egyptian scale armor, reminiscent of some examples from Kushite reliefs.
New Kingdom armor piercing battle axe, identical to the some of the axes used by Kushites.
New Kingdom Egyptian army, based on wall paintings at Thebes.
New Kingdom Egyptian army, 18th dynasty.
New Kingdom Egyptian phalanx, based on wall paintings at Thebes.
New Kingdom Egyptian princes driving a chariot, probably identical to the ones produced and exported from Kush.
@Zophim This image of bound captives is particularly interesting (some of them wearing helmets)… Thanks!
Lastly, another New Kingdom depiction of "Kushites and Nubians"
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The Kingdom of Kush: Military
The following post will aim to discuss some more aspects of the Kushite military and units. As in the previous posts, I will refrain from posting doubles, as many images on the subject are already highlighted here (towards the end of the 1st post), here and here, as well as other places throughout the thread.
Coincidentally @Zophim sourced the exact same book I'm about to quote, as an introduction to the images:
Osprey Military: Men-At-Arms Series, 243
Rome’s Enemies 5, The Desert Frontier
David Nicolle PhD
p. 9 – 12
The Nile Valley
Following the Roman occupation of Egypt the Empire’s frontier reached Nubia, beyond which lay the Meroitic Kingdom of central Sudan. Between the two was the Dodekaschoenos, a region stretching from Aswan to Kosha (which has now been almost entirely flooded by the Aswan High Dam). This Rome also seized. The desert between the Nile and Red Sea was partly inhabited by Arabs in the north and Blemmye (the present –day Beja people) in the south, while deserts west of the Nile, but South of a chain of oases (now known as the Nile Valley) were virtually uninhabited. After an initial clash between Rome and Meroe, relations remained peaceful for several centuries, but by the 3rd century Meroe was in decline. The Blemmye nomads raided Nubia and southern Egypt; in reply Rome withdrew from the Dodekaschoenos and invited a new people to defend the area. These were the Noba (present-day Nubians), who probably came from Kordofan in Western Sudan, further isolating Meroe.
The Kingdoms south of Roman Egypt were in some ways more highly developed than those of Berber North Africa, although iron-working had only reached Meroe in the 4th century BC. In other respects Meroe remained within the ancient Egyptian tradition, and the fall of Meroe spelled the real end of Pharaonic civilization. […]
Armies of the Nile Valley states
Meroe was an agricultural but urbanized state drawing great wealth from trade. Though occasionally involved in wars Meroe was generally peaceable, while it’s rulers were more interested in the African south than the Roman north. Many of its warriors still used bronze weapons, some perhaps imported from Egypt, and although swords appear in Meroitic art none have yet been found. Spears and bows were the preferred weapons, while Meroe’s archers used leather quivers, plus iron- and even stone-tipped arrows of wood or cane, often poisoned. Judging by other aspects of Meroitic administration the army was probably well organized, although a rare description of a late Meroitic army in action against Roman troops has them poorly marshaled behind large oxhide shields with axes, spears and the occasional sword. Many men were tattooed and also scarred their faces, as some Sudanese still do. Elephants were used ceremonially and occasionally in war. Such animals may have been of the now-extinct North African or Saharan type, as the true African elephant is regarded as untrainable. Meroitic fortifications could be built upon earlier Egyptian structures, as at Qasr Ibrim in Nubia, or could consist of massive three storey whitewashed mud-brick citadels as at Karanog.
The warlike Blemmye (Beja) had generally lived in a mutually beneficial, symbiotic relationship with the peoples of the fertile river banks, their nomadic society being built around family groups, each with their herd of animals. Yet when the Blemmye eventually established their own organized kingdom they used the Meroitic model. Their formidable camel-mounted armies clad in wild animal skins, armed with spears and bows, joined Queen Zenobia of Palmyra’s invasion of Egypt in AD 270. Even in the 10th century Beja archers still used the poisoned arrows of their Blemmye and Meroitic predecessors. Blemmye raiders roamed the Red Sea, sometimes in captured Byzantine ships. One group hoped to attack Clysma (near modern Suez), but eventually settled for scaling the walls of a Christian monastery in Sinai using the trunks of Palm trees they had chopped down.
"A-D: Graffiti of warriors & huntsmen, meroitic 2-4 cents AD in situ great enclosure at Musawwarat al Sufra", from "Rome's enemies 5, the desert frontier".
Battle axe, Soba. "An axe of the very same type can be seen on a graffito on Musawwarat es-Sufra"
Objects from a foundation deposit of King Harsiotef Napatan Period, about 404-369 BC From Nuri, pyramid Nu 13. "model blade of iron, copper dagger and arrowhead"
@balduin Graffito of Meroitic cavalry men from the walls of Musawwarat es Sufra.
Based on the historic descriptions, period depictions in graffiti and reliefs, as well as the occasional archaeological finds, a comprehensive and historic unit roster can be compiled. I will begin with contemporary depictions of 5 basic Kushite unit types, recruitable early in the game. From left to right: Nubian Spearman, Meroitic Noble Archer, Meroitic Swordsman, Meroitic Axeman, Nubian Bowmen.
The Nubian Spearman is one of the earliest units available. With no armor, and only a simple oxhide shield and spear, this unit is quite weak. It's only redemptive qualities are the fact that they're very cheap, and very fast moving (can outrun any armored infantry unit)
Nubian Bowmen, as with the Nubian Spearman, this is one of the earliest units available to the Kushite faction, and as with the Nubian Spearman, they are very basic. No Armor, armed only with a bow and arrow and a dagger for close quarter self defense, available after an upgrade. Their redemptive qualities are, once again, a very cheap cost, and being a fast moving infantry unit. What makes them special is their high accuracy and range, and the use of poisoned arrows.
Meroitic Noble Archer, an elite archery unit. These units, recruited from the upper middle classes, are equipped with the best bows and arrows, basic cotton armor and a formidable short sword as well as a little bling. These might very well become the best archers in the game (high range and accuracy). Fast moving, good melee defense, relatively costly.
Meroitic Swordsman, recruited from the upper middle classes, and equipped with a Greco-Romanesque short sword, rhinoceros hide round shield and basic cotton armor. Relatively costly, but fast-moving and good against spear units, and ranged infantry.
Meroitic Axeman, a heavy and strong unit, designed to break enemy lines, and moral. Equipped with a large oval shield (I believe the shield depicted in the image is an anachronism) possibly made of finely woven wicker overspun with animal hide, an Egyptian style battle axe and simple cotton armor as well as a simple skullcap. Relatively strong against armored infantry (especially after an armor piercing battle axe upgrade)
Work is being done by myself and another artist to illustrate every unit in the Kushite roster, as historically accurate as possible. Expect some dedicated artwork soon, including cavalry and champion units.
And finally, as a cherry on the cake, an actual Kushite army in action against their traditional enemies/partners, Ptolemaic Egypt:
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To be clear, I definitely don't think the term slave should disappear or be euphemized (at all), I just don't think it should be the only dedicated labor force you can recruit. I just love diversity in a game, and the ability to recruit slaves (cheap and vulnerable) vs (paid) laborers (more expensive but stronger and more efficient) would be something I'd personally enjoy a lot. Just as much as recruiting farmers for my fields, or builders for construction. Someone very naughty always tells me, "variety is the spice of life"...
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What about calling the slaves "laborers" instead, representing slaves, as well as indentured laborers, landless farmers, dispossessed minorities and convicted criminals. Just an idea (a little less politically insensitive, and more historically accurate). Some civilizations made extensive use of slaves, others barely, so that would also solve that issue, seen as everybody made use of laborers in one way or another.
Maybe the "type" of laborer could depend on the type of resource you're collecting, the drop-site you're recruiting from or what civilization you're playing: "farmers" from farms, "slaves" from mines, "regular laborer" for wood cutting and building from regular drop-sites. Or something like that?
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I think Servo definitely has a point, in making sure that people who play predominantly in single player should be able to get the most out of the game. Sometimes there seems to be an unhealthy infatuation with the online game. This obsession with making everything as streamlined and competitive as possible might actually lead to limiting options, and taking away enjoyable content from the mass of offline players who enjoy the freedom to take the game where-ever they want to take it. The game in itself is very moddable for a modder, but let's not forget the possibilities of "in game" modding. The ability to customize your civ the way you like it, and I think this includes the choice between battalions, and no battalions, and the ability to add or subtract individual units from these battalions. The way the AI will make use of these new features and how players adapt to this is indeed quite relevant (every aspect of the game is interconnected with every other aspect of the game).
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Kushites through the eyes of others
Greek depictions of black Africans, presumably of Sudanic ancestry:
2nd century bc head of an African possibly manufactured in Turkey "Bigio Morata"
Vase in the shape of the head of an elderly black man greek c 530 bce terracotta 17.7 cm museum of fine arts boston department of classical art
Aryballos in the form of an African The Walters art museum, 5th century greek, reminiscent of Sotades
Attic vase, Sotades' style
Red-Figure Horn-Shaped Rhyton depicting a crocodile attacking a Nubian, Greek, c.350 BC (clay). Sotades (fl. 350 BC)
.Sotades(fl.350BC).jpg.528d6ff2bc75a9fa31721a99bfd35bd3.jpg)
An "Ethiopian" soldier in the Persian army. Attic black-figure white-ground alabstron, ca. 480 BC
Caeretan Hydria showing Herakles and Busiris with "Egyptians"
Attic Greek vase depicting Memnon with ethiopian clubmen and archer. Memnon was an "Ethiopian" King and ally of Troy, killed by Achilles in the Trojan war.
Ethiopian king memnon with some of his men
Detail of one of Memnon's Soldiers
The Departure of Memnon for Troy, Greek, circa 550-525 B.C.
Greek coin, uncertain mint, Hemistater 5th century BC
"This fine statuette shows the careful observation that reflects firsthand knowledge of the subject. The distinctive garment is characteristic of artisans, especially those working in the heat of a foundry, forge, or brazier" 2nd 3d century BC
Kushites through the eyes of the Ptolemies
Black youth with hands bound behind his back, found in the Fayum near Memphis Egypt 2nd -1st century BC
Head of an Aethiopian depicted in Hellenistic mode ptolemaic period 330s BC.jpg
Through the eyes of Etruscans:
Terracotta vase combining the distinctive neck of the Shape VII oinochoe with a naturalistic head of a young black-African boy, Etruscan 4th century BCE
Through the eyes of the Minoans:
Fragment of a fresco depicting a running military detachment. The leader wears minoan loincloth, named the captain of the blacks because he is followed by two black men, perhaps African soldiers in service of the palace.
Through the eyes of the Romans
Head of a Black youth (gray basalt) BCE, Roman
BCERoman.jpg.e54858b945b5a24bc96f98b9d1793379.jpg)
Roman bronze of an African
Roman lamp depicting an African
Terracotta statue of an African boxer staggering back from an upper cut. Roman 2nd Century BC-1st Century BC
Through the eyes of the Assyrians
Neo-Assyrian relief of their conquest of a Northern Egyptian city, held by Kushites. Kushite prisoners of war are seen being marched off, and being taunted with the decapitated heads of their captains.
Detail from the victory stela of the Assyrian King Esarhaddon showing Prince Ushankhuru [the smaller one of the two captives], Taharqa's son and heir to the throne, in bondage.
Nimrud Ivory, Nubian tribute bearer
One of the finest pieces from the Nimrud Ivory collection, depicting a Kushite being attacked by a lion.
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Kushites through the eyes of ancient Egyptians
Obviously the images shared here are Dynastic Egyptian depictions of Kushites, and therefore fall outside of 0AD's timeframe. I will share them nonetheless, seen as they are still very relevant to later periods of Kushite history.
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The People of Kush: An Illustrated Update
The following post will be a lengthy visual reference guide to the people of Kush, as depicted by themselves, Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans and Assyrians. Please note that many images have already been shared in previous posts, so I will be concentrating only on those images that haven't been shared yet.
Kushites through their own eyes
The following images all date to approximately 700BCE to 200AD.
One of several thousand shabti's from Taharqa's tomb
More of Tahrqa's Shabti's
A Kushite statue probably depicting Taharqa
Taharqa
Taharqa
Aspelta 600-580BCE
Aspelta
Statue depicting Queen Shanakdakhete of Meroe
Statue of Horemakhet, son of Shabaqo, High Priest of Amun in Thebes, during the 25th dynasty rule of Kush
Statuette of Taharqa
King Shabaka
Unspecified Kushite ruler
Unspecified Kushite ruler
Maleton, governor of Karanog
Queen Amanitore and King Natakamani being blessed by Apedemak
Queen Amanishakheto and Amanirenas(?) or Amanitore (?)
Amanishakheto observing stellar movements. Astronomy was probably a central aspect of Kushite religion.
Funerary stela of Meteye. The swastika on the ladies dress is another possible clue to ancient Indian influence.
Offering of milk to a Meroitic ruler and/or god
Stela of Queen Amanishakheto and the goddess Amesemi, found in the hypostyle hall of an Amun Temple
Relief of Queen Amanishakheto
Naqa
King Amanikhabale with the goddess Mut and Amun
Kushite Reliefs:
These reliefs are especially valuable as a source of inspiration for Kushite scale armor, which are shown extensively here.
From the Lion temple at Musawwarat es Sufra
Natakamani and Kantake (Queen) Amanitore saluting Apedemak
AmanitoresalutingApedemak.jpg.c24f7730a719cc49a78ae5d70ac50190.jpg)
From the Lion Temple in Naqa
The Lion Temple in Naqa
Kushite relief showing Apedemak and a Meroitic ruler
Wall paintings in the tomb of King Tanwetamani, (nephew of Taharqa) in El Kurru Royal cemetery
beingledtohisburialwearingKushitecapandureaus(royalcobra)ElKurru.jpg.c9b06190dd96d5b2d26a98cdf3346cf7.jpg)
This colored rendering of a Kushite relief was created by someone on the Ancient Empires mod-team for Total War.
Queen Amanitore sandstone relief - detail ca. 1-25 AD. Kingdom of Meroë, from a temple in Wad Ban Naga Sudan.
Relief from the chapel of king Amanitenmomide from Meroe, Berlin, Egyptian Museum,
Slab from the end of a coffin bench Nubian Meroitic Period early 2nd century B.C. Object
Naqa relief
Naqa.jpg.cc911f0d6fffe5a8262a07060da743e7.jpg)
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@Zophim Thank you for the research! That's so funny, because I've just typed that very same chapter of that Osprey book in a word document, in order to share it here by Thursday… Great minds think alike
A lot more stuff is coming, soon…
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I have the same problem…
SpoilerProcess: pyrogenesis [291]
Path: /Applications/0 A.D..app/Contents/MacOS/pyrogenesis
Identifier: com.wildfiregames.0ad
Version: 0.0.21 (0.0.21)
Code Type: X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process: launchd [151]Date/Time: 2017-03-31 11:00:19.658 +0000
OS Version: Mac OS X 10.7.5 (11G63)
Report Version: 9Interval Since Last Report: 27467924 sec
Crashes Since Last Report: 4252
Per-App Interval Since Last Report: 54 sec
Per-App Crashes Since Last Report: 32
Anonymous UUID: D54CAB41-58B7-4278-A394-3BA9365400C4Crashed Thread: 0 Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
Exception Type: EXC_BREAKPOINT (SIGTRAP)
Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000002, 0x0000000000000000Application Specific Information:
objc[291]: garbage collection is OFFDyld Error Message:
Symbol not found: ___strlcpy_chk
Referenced from: /Applications/0 A.D..app/Contents/MacOS/pyrogenesis
Expected in: /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylibThread 0 Crashed:: Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
0 dyld 0x00007fff69e3306d dyld_fatal_error + 1
1 dyld 0x00007fff69e36948 dyld::fastBindLazySymbol(ImageLoader**, unsigned long) + 128
2 libdyld.dylib 0x00007fff8eab9716 dyld_stub_binder_ + 13
3 ??? 0x000000010da98030 0 + 4524179504
4 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010af6fbd5 Cocoa_GL_LoadLibrary + 149
5 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010af634a4 SDL_GL_LoadLibrary_REAL + 212
6 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010af63040 SDL_CreateWindow_REAL + 256
7 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010ae9fe76 SDL_CreateWindow + 70
8 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a3eaaed CVideoMode::SetVideoMode(int, int, int, bool) + 173
9 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a3eb33e CVideoMode::InitSDL() + 350
10 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a3fabcd InitGraphics(CmdLineArgs const&, int) + 301
11 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a233dce _ZL14RunGameOrAtlasiPPKc + 1614
12 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a2336b5 main + 53
13 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a2335c4 start + 52Thread 1:: Analysis Helper
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1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d5274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a691415 PR_WaitCondVar + 389
3 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a7da652 js::HelperThread::threadLoop() + 1170
4 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a69c8dd _pt_root + 429
5 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d18bf _pthread_start + 335
6 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d4b75 thread_start + 13Thread 2:: Analysis Helper
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1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d5274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a691415 PR_WaitCondVar + 389
3 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a7da652 js::HelperThread::threadLoop() + 1170
4 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a69c8dd _pt_root + 429
5 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d18bf _pthread_start + 335
6 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d4b75 thread_start + 13Thread 3:: Analysis Helper
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff93f34bca __psynch_cvwait + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d5274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a691415 PR_WaitCondVar + 389
3 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a7da652 js::HelperThread::threadLoop() + 1170
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5 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d18bf _pthread_start + 335
6 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d4b75 thread_start + 13Thread 4:: Analysis Helper
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1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d5274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a691415 PR_WaitCondVar + 389
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4 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a69c8dd _pt_root + 429
5 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d18bf _pthread_start + 335
6 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d4b75 thread_start + 13Thread 5:: Analysis Helper
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff93f34bca __psynch_cvwait + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d5274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a691415 PR_WaitCondVar + 389
3 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a7da652 js::HelperThread::threadLoop() + 1170
4 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a69c8dd _pt_root + 429
5 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d18bf _pthread_start + 335
6 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d4b75 thread_start + 13Thread 6:: Analysis Helper
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff93f34bca __psynch_cvwait + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d5274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a691415 PR_WaitCondVar + 389
3 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a7da652 js::HelperThread::threadLoop() + 1170
4 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a69c8dd _pt_root + 429
5 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d18bf _pthread_start + 335
6 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d4b75 thread_start + 13Thread 7:: Analysis Helper
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff93f34bca __psynch_cvwait + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d5274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a691415 PR_WaitCondVar + 389
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5 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d18bf _pthread_start + 335
6 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d4b75 thread_start + 13Thread 8:: Analysis Helper
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1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d5274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a691415 PR_WaitCondVar + 389
3 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a7da652 js::HelperThread::threadLoop() + 1170
4 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a69c8dd _pt_root + 429
5 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d18bf _pthread_start + 335
6 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d4b75 thread_start + 13Thread 9:: Dispatch queue: com.apple.libdispatch-manager
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1 libdispatch.dylib 0x00007fff978aa786 _dispatch_mgr_invoke + 923
2 libdispatch.dylib 0x00007fff978a9316 _dispatch_mgr_thread + 54Thread 10:
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5 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d4b75 thread_start + 13Thread 13:: com.apple.audio.IOThread.client
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2 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010af813e6 SDL_Delay_REAL + 102
3 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010ae9fa27 SDL_Delay + 23
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6 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d18bf _pthread_start + 335
7 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d4b75 thread_start + 13Thread 15:
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff93f34bca __psynch_cvwait + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d5274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010af7996d SDL_CondWaitTimeout_REAL + 205
3 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010af79345 SDL_SemWaitTimeout_REAL + 181
4 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010af793aa SDL_SemWait_REAL + 26
5 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010ae9c834 SDL_SemWait + 36
6 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a3e58a1 CUserReporterWorker::Run() + 593
7 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010a3e5571 CUserReporterWorker::RunThread(void*) + 113
8 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d18bf _pthread_start + 335
9 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d4b75 thread_start + 13Thread 16:: SDLTimer
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff93f34bca __psynch_cvwait + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d5274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010af7996d SDL_CondWaitTimeout_REAL + 205
3 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010af79345 SDL_SemWaitTimeout_REAL + 181
4 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010aeff2fe SDL_TimerThread + 574
5 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010aefe9f4 SDL_RunThread + 132
6 com.wildfiregames.0ad 0x000000010af78de5 RunThread + 21
7 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d18bf _pthread_start + 335
8 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d4b75 thread_start + 13Thread 17:
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff93f35192 __workq_kernreturn + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d3594 _pthread_wqthread + 758
2 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff971d4b85 start_wqthread + 13Thread 0 crashed with X86 Thread State (64-bit):
rax: 0x0000000000000000 rbx: 0x000000010e6366b0 rcx: 0xfefefefefefefeff rdx: 0x0000000000000368
rdi: 0x00007fff69e68df0 rsi: 0x0000000000000000 rbp: 0x00007fff69e2f770 rsp: 0x00007fff69e2f758
r8: 0x8080808080808080 r9: 0xfefefefefeff0961 r10: 0x00007fff69e68df0 r11: 0x8080808080808080
r12: 0x0000000000000500 r13: 0x0000000000000320 r14: 0x00007fff69e68df0 r15: 0x0000000000000001
rip: 0x00007fff69e3306d rfl: 0x0000000000000202 cr2: 0x000000012b82f000
Logical CPU: 0Binary Images:
0x10a232000 - 0x10da97fff +com.wildfiregames.0ad (0.0.21 - 0.0.21) <C1420FFA-85B0-301F-8263-51BCAEE4BC6A> /Applications/0 A.D..app/Contents/MacOS/pyrogenesis
0x10e4fb000 - 0x10e526fff com.apple.audio.OpenAL (1.5.1 - 1.5.1) <5B954EC6-08B6-3255-932C-DDAB908E72F4> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenAL.framework/Versions/A/OpenAL
0x10e535000 - 0x10e538fff com.apple.ForceFeedback (1.0.4 - 1.0.4) <A5D54635-46DB-3C78-AAEE-35B3DBA82148> /System/Library/Frameworks/ForceFeedback.framework/Versions/A/ForceFeedback
0x1282f1000 - 0x1282f5fff com.apple.audio.AudioIPCPlugIn (1.2.3 - 1.2.3) <F94D690D-3196-3B01-B798-09708367D28D> /System/Library/Extensions/AudioIPCDriver.kext/Contents/Resources/AudioIPCPlugIn.bundle/Contents/MacOS/AudioIPCPlugIn
0x1294dc000 - 0x129627ff7 com.apple.audio.units.Components (1.7.3 - 1.7.3) <CAC75CC0-DAD7-3DD3-91CF-DDE8B19DEBDD> /System/Library/Components/CoreAudio.component/Contents/MacOS/CoreAudio
0x12971e000 - 0x129723fff com.apple.audio.AppleHDAHALPlugIn (2.2.5 - 2.2.5a5) <4EC4981B-68AE-357E-960F-3D4603A61E9F> /System/Library/Extensions/AppleHDA.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleHDAHALPlugIn.bundle/Contents/MacOS/AppleHDAHALPlugIn
0x7fff69e32000 - 0x7fff69e66baf dyld (195.6 - ???) <C58DAD8A-4B00-3676-8637-93D6FDE73147> /usr/lib/dyld
0x7fff8e498000 - 0x7fff8e49afff libquarantine.dylib (36.7.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <8D9832F9-E4A9-38C3-B880-E5210B2353C7> /usr/lib/system/libquarantine.dylib
0x7fff8e49b000 - 0x7fff8e4a1fff com.apple.DiskArbitration (2.4.1 - 2.4.1) <CEA34337-63DE-302E-81AA-10D717E1F699> /System/Library/Frameworks/DiskArbitration.framework/Versions/A/DiskArbitration
0x7fff8e4a2000 - 0x7fff8e716fff com.apple.CoreImage (7.99.1 - 1.0.1) <4BB09B79-275B-364C-9466-0FF36ABB1218> /System/Library/Frameworks/QuartzCore.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CoreImage.framework/Versions/A/CoreImage
0x7fff8e717000 - 0x7fff8e7b8ff7 com.apple.LaunchServices (480.42 - 480.42) <A69F9426-05CE-3312-89FD-BC063DA66DBF> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/LaunchServices.framework/Versions/A/LaunchServices
0x7fff8e7b9000 - 0x7fff8e8effff com.apple.vImage (5.1 - 5.1) <A08B7582-67BC-3EED-813A-4833645964A7> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vImage.framework/Versions/A/vImage
0x7fff8e8f0000 - 0x7fff8e992fff com.apple.securityfoundation (5.0 - 55116) <70CDC3ED-39AA-3784-8715-F0F5E2CB9754> /System/Library/Frameworks/SecurityFoundation.framework/Versions/A/SecurityFoundation
0x7fff8e99c000 - 0x7fff8e9a7ff7 libc++abi.dylib (14.0.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <8FF3D766-D678-36F6-84AC-423C878E6D14> /usr/lib/libc++abi.dylib
0x7fff8e9a8000 - 0x7fff8ea4dfff com.apple.ink.framework (10.7.5 - 113) <1AE6676D-490A-36C2-B6CC-00F93AEB31DE> /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/Ink.framework/Versions/A/Ink
0x7fff8ea63000 - 0x7fff8ea69fff libmacho.dylib (800.0.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <D86F63EC-D2BD-32E0-8955-08B5EAFAD2CC> /usr/lib/system/libmacho.dylib
0x7fff8ea6a000 - 0x7fff8ea78fff com.apple.NetAuth (1.0 - 3.0) <F384FFFD-70F6-3B1C-A886-F5B446E456E7> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/NetAuth.framework/Versions/A/NetAuth
0x7fff8eab8000 - 0x7fff8eabcfff libdyld.dylib (195.5.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <F1903B7A-D3FF-3390-909A-B24E09BAD1A5> /usr/lib/system/libdyld.dylib
0x7fff8eabd000 - 0x7fff8ec1afff com.apple.audio.toolbox.AudioToolbox (1.7.3 - 1.7.3) <5F1E4695-BC74-3ADD-8345-627BCD68201A> /System/Library/Frameworks/AudioToolbox.framework/Versions/A/AudioToolbox
0x7fff8ec1b000 - 0x7fff8ec1bfff com.apple.ApplicationServices (41 - 41) <03F3FA8F-8D2A-3AB6-A8E3-40B001116339> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/ApplicationServices
0x7fff8ec37000 - 0x7fff8ec77fe7 libGLImage.dylib (??? - ???) <0B7DAB2B-F1C6-39C7-B864-61EF683B6656> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGLImage.dylib
0x7fff8ecd6000 - 0x7fff8ed2eff7 libTIFF.dylib (??? - ???) <CF2005B6-5C29-3DCF-BDC2-7DB114ECD7A1> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageIO.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libTIFF.dylib
0x7fff8ed2f000 - 0x7fff8f05bfff com.apple.HIToolbox (1.9 - ???) <CCB32DEA-D0CA-35D1-8019-E599C8007AB6> /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/HIToolbox.framework/Versions/A/HIToolbox
0x7fff8f094000 - 0x7fff8f095fff liblangid.dylib (??? - ???) <CACBE3C3-2F7B-3EED-B50E-EDB73F473B77> /usr/lib/liblangid.dylib
0x7fff8f0a5000 - 0x7fff8f110ff7 com.apple.framework.IOKit (2.0 - ???) <FE838BB6-D42E-3291-A1A0-6F53FC970261> /System/Library/Frameworks/IOKit.framework/Versions/A/IOKit
0x7fff8f180000 - 0x7fff8f187fff com.apple.CommerceCore (1.0 - 17.1) <B6BFA182-9DC9-3543-89AE-F82EB9AF1CAB> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CommerceKit.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CommerceCore.framework/Versions/A/CommerceCore
0x7fff8f41a000 - 0x7fff8f46cff7 libGLU.dylib (??? - ???) <DB906997-0F70-3469-BA0E-2F1DDBEAD8D5> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGLU.dylib
0x7fff8f793000 - 0x7fff8f794fff libdnsinfo.dylib (395.11.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <853BAAA5-270F-3FDC-B025-D448DB72E1C3> /usr/lib/system/libdnsinfo.dylib
0x7fff8f795000 - 0x7fff8f79fff7 liblaunch.dylib (392.39.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <8C235D13-2928-30E5-9E12-2CC3D6324AE2> /usr/lib/system/liblaunch.dylib
0x7fff8f8ae000 - 0x7fff8fe92fff libBLAS.dylib (??? - ???) <C34F6D88-187F-33DC-8A68-C0C9D1FA36DF> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libBLAS.dylib
0x7fff8fe9f000 - 0x7fff8fea4fff com.apple.OpenDirectory (10.7 - 146) <7960A302-F9AC-3F72-838E-3A382032DCA6> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenDirectory.framework/Versions/A/OpenDirectory
0x7fff8ff00000 - 0x7fff8ff17fff com.apple.CFOpenDirectory (10.7 - 144) <9709423E-8484-3B26-AAE8-EF58D1B8FB3F> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenDirectory.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CFOpenDirectory.framework/Versions/A/CFOpenDirectory
0x7fff8ff40000 - 0x7fff8ff4dfff libCSync.A.dylib (600.0.0 - compatibility 64.0.0) <39E20909-68D8-3FB7-A089-A1866618E026> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libCSync.A.dylib
0x7fff8ff4e000 - 0x7fff8ff6aff7 com.apple.GenerationalStorage (1.0 - 126.1) <509F52ED-E54B-3FEF-B3C2-759387B826E6> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/GenerationalStorage.framework/Versions/A/GenerationalStorage
0x7fff900c6000 - 0x7fff900ccfff IOSurface (??? - ???) <77C6757B-D357-3E34-9424-48F962B5CC9C> /System/Library/Frameworks/IOSurface.framework/Versions/A/IOSurface
0x7fff900cd000 - 0x7fff900d0fff com.apple.help (1.3.2 - 42) <AB67588E-7227-3993-927F-C9E6DAC507FD> /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/Help.framework/Versions/A/Help
0x7fff9019e000 - 0x7fff901caff7 com.apple.CoreServicesInternal (113.20 - 113.20) <786118E6-7D7E-3016-9FD5-A7CE411A251F> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CoreServicesInternal.framework/Versions/A/CoreServicesInternal
0x7fff9020c000 - 0x7fff9020cfff com.apple.vecLib (3.7 - vecLib 3.7) <9A58105C-B36E-35B5-812C-4ED693F2618F> /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/vecLib
0x7fff9020d000 - 0x7fff90526fff com.apple.Foundation (6.7.2 - 833.25) <22AAC369-B63C-3C55-8AC6-C3ECBA44DA7B> /System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Versions/C/Foundation
0x7fff90551000 - 0x7fff906f1ff7 com.apple.QuartzCore (1.7 - 270.5) <19E5E0AB-DAA9-3F97-988C-D9A46AFB9C04> /System/Library/Frameworks/QuartzCore.framework/Versions/A/QuartzCore
0x7fff906f2000 - 0x7fff906f2fff com.apple.Cocoa (6.6 - ???) <021D4214-9C23-3CD8-AFB2-F331697A4508> /System/Library/Frameworks/Cocoa.framework/Versions/A/Cocoa
0x7fff90c60000 - 0x7fff90d27ff7 com.apple.ColorSync (4.7.4 - 4.7.4) <590AFCDA-F10E-31FE-9B01-DA5FFE74C2BB> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ColorSync.framework/Versions/A/ColorSync
0x7fff90d6d000 - 0x7fff90dc1ff7 com.apple.ScalableUserInterface (1.0 - 1) <1873D7BE-2272-31A1-8F85-F70C4D706B3B> /System/Library/Frameworks/QuartzCore.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ScalableUserInterface.framework/Versions/A/ScalableUserInterface
0x7fff90dc2000 - 0x7fff90eb7fff libiconv.2.dylib (7.0.0 - compatibility 7.0.0) <5C40E880-0706-378F-B864-3C2BD922D926> /usr/lib/libiconv.2.dylib
0x7fff90eb8000 - 0x7fff90eb9ff7 libsystem_sandbox.dylib (??? - ???) <5459F293-E1F2-33B3-B9B2-2ABB7B915B62> /usr/lib/system/libsystem_sandbox.dylib
0x7fff90ed6000 - 0x7fff9103dff7 com.apple.CFNetwork (520.5.3 - 520.5.3) <1C11C214-1C70-3358-A709-69C84D999DB8> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CFNetwork.framework/Versions/A/CFNetwork
0x7fff9103e000 - 0x7fff9104bff7 libbz2.1.0.dylib (1.0.5 - compatibility 1.0.0) <8EDE3492-D916-37B2-A066-3E0F054411FD> /usr/lib/libbz2.1.0.dylib
0x7fff9104c000 - 0x7fff9104ffff libCoreVMClient.dylib (??? - ???) <28CB0F3F-A202-391F-8CAC-FC9A1398A962> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libCoreVMClient.dylib
0x7fff91050000 - 0x7fff910e6ff7 libvMisc.dylib (325.4.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <642D8D54-F9F5-3FBB-A96C-EEFE94C6278B> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libvMisc.dylib
0x7fff910e7000 - 0x7fff9116bff7 com.apple.ApplicationServices.ATS (317.13.0 - ???) <A05126F9-7DC9-3EA7-8D94-53C6113730C6> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ATS.framework/Versions/A/ATS
0x7fff911a1000 - 0x7fff911a1fff com.apple.Accelerate (1.7 - Accelerate 1.7) <82DDF6F5-FBC3-323D-B71D-CF7ABC5CF568> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Accelerate
0x7fff914fd000 - 0x7fff91578ff7 com.apple.print.framework.PrintCore (7.1 - 366.3) <C5F39A82-0E77-3AD6-906A-20DD2EE8D374> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/PrintCore.framework/Versions/A/PrintCore
0x7fff915b2000 - 0x7fff9160dff7 com.apple.opencl (2.0.19 - 2.0.19) <B05BF605-73B8-328F-A228-6FA59E1FC73A> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenCL.framework/Versions/A/OpenCL
0x7fff9160e000 - 0x7fff91620ff7 libbsm.0.dylib (??? - ???) <349BB16F-75FA-363F-8D98-7A9C3FA90A0D> /usr/lib/libbsm.0.dylib
0x7fff91621000 - 0x7fff91626fff libpam.2.dylib (3.0.0 - compatibility 3.0.0) <D952F17B-200A-3A23-B9B2-7C1F7AC19189> /usr/lib/libpam.2.dylib
0x7fff91a5b000 - 0x7fff91a5bfff libkeymgr.dylib (23.0.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <61EFED6A-A407-301E-B454-CD18314F0075> /usr/lib/system/libkeymgr.dylib
0x7fff91a5c000 - 0x7fff91d51ff7 com.apple.security (7.0 - 55148.6) <4535E500-973A-3BA7-AF65-DF5CF0658F02> /System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Versions/A/Security
0x7fff91d52000 - 0x7fff91d71fff libresolv.9.dylib (46.1.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <0635C52D-DD53-3721-A488-4C6E95607A74> /usr/lib/libresolv.9.dylib
0x7fff91d83000 - 0x7fff91d8bfff libsystem_dnssd.dylib (??? - ???) <584B321E-5159-37CD-B2E7-82E069C70AFB> /usr/lib/system/libsystem_dnssd.dylib
0x7fff91d8c000 - 0x7fff91d8cfff com.apple.Accelerate.vecLib (3.7 - vecLib 3.7) <C06A140F-6114-3B8B-B080-E509303145B8> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/vecLib
0x7fff91de6000 - 0x7fff91efffff com.apple.DesktopServices (1.6.5 - 1.6.5) <5E7DD5F4-B4DA-3F75-A14A-3494E81CFBA0> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/DesktopServicesPriv.framework/Versions/A/DesktopServicesPriv
0x7fff92392000 - 0x7fff92394fff com.apple.TrustEvaluationAgent (2.0 - 1) <1F31CAFF-C1C6-33D3-94E9-11B721761DDF> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/TrustEvaluationAgent.framework/Versions/A/TrustEvaluationAgent
0x7fff923c9000 - 0x7fff923caff7 libsystem_blocks.dylib (53.0.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <8BCA214A-8992-34B2-A8B9-B74DEACA1869> /usr/lib/system/libsystem_blocks.dylib
0x7fff923d7000 - 0x7fff923d8ff7 libremovefile.dylib (21.1.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <739E6C83-AA52-3C6C-A680-B37FE2888A04> /usr/lib/system/libremovefile.dylib
0x7fff923d9000 - 0x7fff923eefff com.apple.speech.synthesis.framework (4.0.74 - 4.0.74) <C061ECBB-7061-3A43-8A18-90633F943295> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/SpeechSynthesis.framework/Versions/A/SpeechSynthesis
0x7fff923ef000 - 0x7fff9240cff7 com.apple.openscripting (1.3.3 - ???) <F5E34F54-CE85-334B-8F25-53581D43960C> /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/OpenScripting.framework/Versions/A/OpenScripting
0x7fff925d8000 - 0x7fff9261cff7 libRIP.A.dylib (600.0.0 - compatibility 64.0.0) <416FB9E6-76F2-3CB8-8CCB-C12ACECFD611> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libRIP.A.dylib
0x7fff9261d000 - 0x7fff92620fff libRadiance.dylib (??? - ???) <CD89D70D-F177-3BAE-8A26-644EA7D5E28E> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageIO.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libRadiance.dylib
0x7fff92621000 - 0x7fff92a4efff libLAPACK.dylib (??? - ???) <4F2E1055-2207-340B-BB45-E4F16171EE0D> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libLAPACK.dylib
0x7fff92adf000 - 0x7fff92af6fff com.apple.MultitouchSupport.framework (231.4 - 231.4) <559C1AFB-E0B4-3D23-9189-18DE09C06FFE> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/MultitouchSupport.framework/Versions/A/MultitouchSupport
0x7fff92af7000 - 0x7fff92b37ff7 libcups.2.dylib (2.9.0 - compatibility 2.0.0) <7D2E5016-A960-3ADE-B042-F74063E79550> /usr/lib/libcups.2.dylib
0x7fff92b38000 - 0x7fff92b3eff7 libunwind.dylib (30.0.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <1E9C6C8C-CBE8-3F4B-A5B5-E03E3AB53231> /usr/lib/system/libunwind.dylib
0x7fff92b6d000 - 0x7fff93034fff FaceCoreLight (1.4.7 - compatibility 1.0.0) <BDD0E1DE-CF33-3AF8-B33B-4D1574CCC19D> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/FaceCoreLight.framework/Versions/A/FaceCoreLight
0x7fff93985000 - 0x7fff93985fff libOpenScriptingUtil.dylib (??? - ???) <A7847713-F410-39C0-884F-A7188A18E742> /usr/lib/libOpenScriptingUtil.dylib
0x7fff93986000 - 0x7fff93ca2fff com.apple.CoreServices.CarbonCore (960.25 - 960.25) <4FC1AB30-022C-3C67-AC46-FDCBFCB7EEDE> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CarbonCore.framework/Versions/A/CarbonCore
0x7fff93ceb000 - 0x7fff93cf4ff7 libsystem_notify.dylib (80.1.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <A4D651E3-D1C6-3934-AD49-7A104FD14596> /usr/lib/system/libsystem_notify.dylib
0x7fff93e8f000 - 0x7fff93ebcfe7 libSystem.B.dylib (159.1.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <6E5C8AC3-DBB7-31CB-BEB7-D6ED8E6DE0CE> /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib
0x7fff93ebd000 - 0x7fff93f1dfff libvDSP.dylib (325.4.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <3A7521E6-5510-3FA7-AB65-79693A7A5839> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libvDSP.dylib
0x7fff93f1e000 - 0x7fff93f3efff libsystem_kernel.dylib (1699.32.7 - compatibility 1.0.0) <66C9F9BD-C7B3-30D4-B1A0-03C8A6392351> /usr/lib/system/libsystem_kernel.dylib
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REGION TYPE VIRTUAL
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I like the direction of this thread… Don't forget the stables
(I really think it's an important structure). Archery range is indeed not necessary. If you fear the building menu becoming too crowded, maybe think about a pop up build menu, instead of it being present by default when you click a unit, there could be a small button that brings up (an expanded) build menu. The button could just picture a saw and hammer, or something like that. Now you have all the space in the world 
Having a low level (specialized) Civic Center for expansionist or economic purposes, and a high level, more advanced CC for city building sounds awesome.
I really like battalions, but I 'd like it even more if it was a tech you needed to research. This way the early phase fighters look like a rag tag bunch of warriors, which is very historically accurate. Early rushes would look like a barbarian horde coming to sack your settlement. Later armies would be highly organized and disciplined (battalions). This adds to realism and immersiveness, which is really important. It also offers the best of two worlds: Chaos vs. Order. Primitive vs. Advanced.
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I support this. It really makes me strangely upset to see people put fields around their CC… I mean, C'mon!?!? Are you building a town or an elaborate plantation??? The area around the CC should indeed never be used for farming, but for city-building… Making people use drop sites to drop resources makes perfect sense to me…
Perhaps making the farm a prerequisite for the field is a logical alternative that should solve the issue… Or for every farm, you can plant x-amount of fields.
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Personally, I'd also love to see the Nabataeans and especially the South Arabian Sabaeans, with their capital at Marib in modern day Yemen as playable civs. One can only dream
The ruins of old Marib, the most powerful city in the southern part of the Arabian peninsula. They built the Great Dam of Ma'rib, considered "one the engineering wonders of the ancient world".
The temple of Awwam, also known as Mahram Bilqis, was a center of worship for the South Arabian lunar deity called Almaqah
A beautiful example of the ancient South Arabian, or Sabaean script.
And another one
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Musawwarat es-Sufra: A Kushite cult center
An aerial shot of the Great Enclosure at Musawwarat es-Sufra, not only showing the ruins, but also the unique landscape.
Musawwarat es-Sufra was a large temple complex and cult center in the Western Butana, 20km from Naqa. It doesn't quite resemble anything found in the Nile Valley so far. In fact it is not even built by the Nile, but lies 35km to the east of it, in the Wadi es-Sufra, a seasonal river that turns into a rapid stream during the yearly rains. The complex features temples, courtyards, fruit-gardens, water-reservoirs, workshops, kitchens, store-rooms, possible royal residences and long walled corridors, perhaps separating royals pilgrims from commoners, as well as a smaller secular enclosure. The Kushites themselves called this place "Aborepi", in ancient Meroitic.
A map of Musawwarat es-Sufra showing the Great Enclosure (I A), the Small Enclosure (I B), the Lion Temple (II C), the Great Hafir (II H) and the Small Hafir (I E)
Detailed map of the Great Enclosure
The earliest known structure from Musawwarat is the Great Hafir, a massive water reservoir built to capture surface runoff from the Wadi es-Sufra's seasonal water-flow. With a diameter of 250 meters and walls reaching 11- 12 meters, it is the largest hafir known in Sudan, and seems to have been built during the Napatan Period between the 6th and the 4th centuries BCE. It's sheer scale is somewhat of an enigma, considering the apparent absence of any significant settlement outside of the Small Enclosure dating to the Meroitic period. The absence of Meroitic graves in the valley also indicate that burial at this site was not allowed.
Some of the earliest modern depictions of the site.
Most of the current ruins found at Musawwarat (the Great Enclosure and the Lion Temple) date to the Meroitic period, and were built during the third century BCE. Parts of the Great Enclosure do overlay older Napatan ruins.
The specific function of this site has been a greatly contested subject. Many theories exist, including:
- A royal hunting abode, the large courtyards supposedly being used to house wild animals.
- An elephant training center, because of it's layout of large courtyards (holding pens?) and ramps, and a significant amount elephant depictions found here, and the fact that Greek/Ptolemaic expeditions "sometimes numbering hundreds of men", came to this area specifically to acquire war elephants during the 3rd century BCE.
- A royal palace, because of the idea that at least some of these structures were (non-permanent) royal residences, thought to feature a throne room.
- Or simply as a large cult center, hosting major religious festivals drawing in countless people and royals on regular basis.
I'm inclined to believe there is at least some truth to all of the aforementioned theories.
A historical reconstruction of temple 300 in the Great Enclosure.
The actual ruins of temple 300
The Small (secular) enclosure.
More details of the Great Enclosure
The following images are from the Zamani project. The Zamani project is a research group at the University of Cape Town and part of the African Cultural Heritage Sites and Landscapes Database. As with many other sites across the continent, they have created a detailed 3d model of the great Enclosure.
A unique Kushite feature is the incorporation of statues as columns for supporting roofs, often depicting deities. This example is from Musawwarat.
The Elephants of Musawwarat:
This final image depicts a Kushite god of fertility, riding an elephant. Although it's still not conclusive evidence of Meroites using elephants in warfare, these depictions are changing my mind about including a simple elephant unit for Kush, which would be a helpful addition for siege.
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The Kingdom of Kush: A Random Update
I will soon be posting two rather lengthy updates, one will be about Kushite people (how they depicted themselves, and how others depicted them), as well as their military. The other will be about yet another eligible candidate for the wonder, namely the massive Kushite cult site known as Musawwarat es-Sufra. A large, multi temple complex, surrounded by many large walled courtyards, featuring fruit gardens, store rooms, worksites and even possible palaces. Built in the middle of nowhere, 35 miles from the Nile, this archaeological curiosity has no parallel in the entire Nile Valley.
But before I do that, I will wet the appetite with some random finds, that might be interesting to some:
My last post on pyramids, I promise...
A detailed map showing the pyramids of the Northern Necropolis at Meroe. Each pyramid is numbered, and these are the numbers used to refer to them in academia.
"Proposed finished appearance of a Meroitic pyramid with the use of different colours and decoration according to evidence found on remaining structures"
A detailed temple reconstruction from Naqa
The actual ruins of Temple 200
A Kushite altar in context
"The Painted dais and small altar in a side room of the Amun Temple, [Naqa]"
This piece particularly underscores the familiarity of the Kushites with the Hellenistic world. Found inside pyramid 24 at Meroe, an Athenian vessel inscribed by the potter Sotades, in the form of an Amazon rider. The neck of the vessel depicts Greeks and Thracians in a fighting scene. It dates to the late 5th century BCE, and is currently in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Curiously, some other ceramics sometimes attributed to Sotades found in Greece actually depict black Africans, but more on that in the following posts.
Two examples of snake-shaped Kushite rings
"Once part of an elaborately decorated horse harness, [these are] of a group of plaques showing a bounding lion in raised relief. All were originally gilded. Meroe pyramid 16 II"
Lastly, I wanted to share this picture of the Amun temple in Naqa to highlight a specific detail: The lower part of the exterior brick wall as well as parts of the stone doorway are clearly still partially covered in the typical hard white lime-plaster, that would have probably entirely covered most important buildings (brick or stone).
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I like your proposals. But why not let precious metal be mined as well, from quarries and outcrops, like stone? I really like the idea for building slots for quarries. But why should the gatherers die when the storehouse is destroyed? Shouldn't they just ungarisson from the mine? "But aside hills or in the sides of mountains or cliffs are Quarries" Yes!
1 other important question. Why is it possible to recruit horses without something like stables? Maintaining any number of horses is a tremendous amount of work, especially in a military context. Horsemen learning to ride properly, and training for cavalery combat can also take years. I always assumed stables or an analogue structure to enable the recruitment of cavalry units seemed obvious. And it would add another building to the building roster of every civ (more eye-candy/building diversity)
In the same vane, I'd like to bring up the idea of a specialized economic building for each civ again. Just for the sake of having the semblance of an economy (None of our civs produce any finished products. What are they trading?). It could provide a small precious metal trickle and secondary economy-related technologies can be researched there. Perhaps they could even be a prerequisite for building a market. A specialized economic building can represent the ancient workshops or cash crop plantations that were such a vital life-line to every civ featured in the game.
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I was just doing some fact checking on the Garamantes. I think they are particularly interesting for a miniciv. I don't know a whole lot, but I'll be brushing up on some Saharan history soon. They were a Berber kingdom, with their capital at Germa, also known as Garama (one of many towns). They were a powerful state between 500BCE and 700AD, located in the Fezzan area of modern-day Libya. They had a literary tradition, writing in an undeciphered proto-Tifinagh script. They were known to the Greeks, and fought several wars with the Romans. They were experts at irrigation, and turned the desert green by tapping underground water reserves. They cultivated both Mediterranean crops, as well as sub-saharan crops. Made use of camels and horses, including chariots…
Garamantes sphere of influence (orange)
Ruins Germa, also known as Garama
Central temple in Germa
Artistic reconstruction of Germa
Garamantian chariot
Modern day Tuareg descendant of the Garamantes, with Germa ruins in the background
More info and pics will be shared in the future.
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I understand the concern for recognition. Although square Kushite palaces/admitrative centers are some the most archaeologically recognizable structures in Kushite sites, along with Amun temples and Apedemak temples. It's always the same kind of pattern, and people familiar with Kushite archaeological sites will definitely recognize them. But a "squarish-rectangular" compromise is acceptable enough I presume. Just see what you do with it. Even if you follow Juli51's design exactly as it is, it would look great. I'm just nitpicking for the sake of historical accuracy
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I'm not exactly sure what @LordGood will cook up, but I'll just weigh in my opinion on it now. I think @Juli51's drawing is stylistically great. My issue is with the dimensions. The structure should definitely be nearly square, with a small courtyard/light-well in the middle. The windows on the ground floor should be a little bit smaller, and the windows on the second floor could be slightly larger arched windows (an exposed brick arch would be especially nice and accurate)
That having said, I really like the drawing, nice work!
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@sauerkrautpie I do agree with the need for more factions. The Helleno- centrism of the current game is a little too much. For some classicists, there is no need to go beyond the Mediterranean, but that just leaves all the rest of us wanting for more. There were indeed other powerful and relevant states, which would fit nicely in the current game. I don't think any faction should be removed though. Even if the team is able to add the Thebans (another Hellenic civ), I wouldn't object, as long as other more unique factions are also added. The Kingdom of Dacia for example, could represent both Dacia and Thrace, and would be a nice addition.
Maybe you'd care to check out this topic on the Kingdom of Kush, that I started several weeks ago. We've been working on a mod for the Kushites, a Sudanese Kingdom/Empire that fought wars with the Egyptians, Persians, Ptolemies and Romans. They're unique in terms of architecture, units, clothes… @LordGood has already done some really nice modeling work on buildings (houses, tower, barracks, drop-site, farm). You could get an idea of the minimum necessities for adding a civ (including information gathering). You can also contribute to this end. With hard work and dedication, maybe one day the Kushites can be added to the main game, but before that can even be discussed, we need to finish them first, and that will take a lot of work, as with any faction you'd consider adding.
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The Kingdom of Kush, an Illustrated update
I present some more visual references of some details including pyramids, jewelry, pottery and other more random things.
Random things
Firstly, yet another Kushite temple to Amun from Tabo, on Argo Island in the Nile, measuring 75.6 metres (248 ft) long and 31 metres (102 ft) wide. On the right is a statue of King Natakamani, found in Tabo.
This copper-alloy statue of an unidentified Kushite king was discovered at Tabo on Argo Island within the court of the Great Temple in a pit. Note the thumb-bring, indicating the importance of archery, even for royals.
Kushite offering tables, used for the pouring of libation. Often found at temple sites. Note the Meroitic script lining the edges.
On the left and right, we see Kushite altars. In the middle, we see an elaborate temple relief/sculpture depicting Amun in the form of a Ram, flanked by 2 lions representing Apedemak.
Remnants of a colonnade of a large temple at Naqa, depicting the god Bes.
An actual picture of the now lost fresco from the shrine to victory in the royal city in Meroe, depicting a Roman soldier, alongside Egyptian and Nubian captives. This is the same shrine where the bronze head of Emperor Augustus was found.
Some more Pyramids
The lesser known pyramids at Gebel Barkal, close to Napata.
Meroitic pyramids in a relatively intact state (late 19th to early 20th century).
Pyramid field at Meroe
Pyramid fields of El Kurru and Nuri.
Kushite Pottery
Kushites were excellent potters, and their pottery was desired and exported on a large scale to Egypt and other surrounding area's since predynastic times, well in to Roman times.
Here's a selection of Meroitic pottery:
Kushite Jewelry
Kushites were also excellent jewelers, and were world renowned for their gold. Most of the graves and pyramids had been looted in antiquity, but not all of them. The pyramid of Kandake Amanishakheto (reigned c. 10BC - 1AD), plundered by Giueseppe Ferlini, proved to be one of the most extensive Kushite treasures ever found. Here I present some of her jewelry, alongside other beautiful examples of Kushite metallurgy.
Amanishakheto herself, on the left, and one of her crowns (center) and bracelets (right)
More of Amanishakheto's bracelets.
Kushite earings
Kushite pendants. On the left is a Ram's head with an uraeus, representing Amun. Second from left a lion/ram sphinx, third from left is a ram's head on top of a crystal and on the right a lion's head placed on top of a circle of golden baboons.
On the left are signet rings, worn by people of authority, used as stamp of authenticity on documents. On the right is another bracelet.
On the left and right are shield-rings. Center-left is a heavy bronze anklet. Center-right is a pendant with "magic" potion inside a hollowed out crystal, topped with a golden image of Hathor.
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@wowgetoffyourcellphone Sounds a little complicated. Why not just 1 pyramid for town phase, 2 pyramids for city phase? And territory bonus for the civic center where the pyramid/pyramids are built.
Temple Meroe 250
fig. 121 Another interesting structure (eligible for wonder or special building) from Meroe is the temple "Meroe 250" (M250). It is colloquially, yet erroneously known as the Sun Temple. Possibly a commemorative temple to victory (it's walls were covered in reliefs of military scenes, triumphant soldiers and bound captives).
Some more images of temples to Amun
fig. 122 Taharqa's temple to Amun at Kawa
fig. 123 The almost identical temple to Amun at Sanam, on the left. On the right is a ram statue (representing Amun, protecting a smaller image of Taharqa, from the processional entrance road to the Amun temple at Kawa.
fig. 124 & 125 The Amun Temple at Naqa (Naga)
@balduin "Additionally, the metal production technology bonus could be developed in the temple [to Amun]." I agree with this..
@balduin I don't know exactly how to describe the market other than colorful and chaotic. They would have made use of modest brick columns , wooden poles and sticks, palm branches and textiles. I searched for some slightly less generic contemporary Nubian marketplaces from Aswan:
fig. 126, 127, 128
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On 21 Feb 2017 at 4:21 PM, av93 said:
Temple of Amun could be the wonder
Most (if not all) important centers in ancient Kush had a temple to Amun: Naqa, Napata, Meroe, Dangeil, Basa, Kawa, Qasr Ibrim, Sanam, El Hassa, Tabo… I'm afraid it was too common, and too functional to be a wonder. These temple complexes served an important (economic, religious and military) purpose in Kushite society. Too important to make them an "optional" wonder. The cult of Amun formed a kind of shadow government that even challenged Kingship. They operated through this network of temple complexes, and it would be nice to see this reflected in a functional way (metal trickle, and the ability to recruit professional soldiers). And what would we do with the pyramids, if the temple to amun becomes the wonder?
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Pyramids and the Temple to Amun
Pyramids:
fig. 116 Kushites built many different types of pyramids. Here are a few of the most interesting in terms of features:
fig. 117 Before the Italian "explorer" Guiseppe Ferlini destroyed more than 40 pyramids in search of treasure in the 1830's, many of the pyramids in Meroe were still largely intact.
fig. 118 A collection of various Kushite pyramid reconstructions.
Temple to Amun:
Here are some images for models of the special building, the Temple to Amun, in Napata. All other Kushite temples to Amun including the one at Meroe follow nearly identical patterns:
fig. 119
fig. 120
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Terra Magna Mod
in Rise of the East
Posted · Edited by Sundiata
Yes, I think Mayans of the Pre-classic period should be included (1000BC - 250AD)… They are among the most powerful and influential people of that time, in turn influenced by the earlier Olmecs… They were arguably more important than Zapotecs. I believe some people might have been caught up by the term Preclassic Maya, as if they weren't important, or recognizably Mayan at that time. They were. Preclassic is just a term to refer to a period in time. Some of the most important sites in the Maya world were established and peaked around 0AD's timeframe, such as El Mirador…
"LIDAR scan reveals a network of roads, canals, corrals, pyramids and terraces at El Mirador
[Credit: Archaeological Project Cuenca Mirador]"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preclassic_Maya
http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/nakbe.htm
https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.be/2017/02/ancient-maya-developed-super-highways.html#zkFQqkf7GpElu9ih.97