Lion.Kanzen

War gaming Heroes. Spearman Dagger-axe , axe and clubman. Slingers Archers only the swordman is missing.

In that era the Yamato already have normal cavalry.

some counters against the battering ram they are going to use axeman and swordman. They have good archers. They should have a scout riding a pony.

the difference is that the Zapotecs haven't way to get horses.

The Korean people have been skilled at not only standard archery but also horseback archery ever since ancient times. Mural paintings of hunting scenes at ancient Goguryeo Kingdom tombs feature hunters on horseback, and archery was one of the mandatory categories in the civil service examination in both Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties.

and what is that?

Koreans have horse archers similar to early han. You can compare. Goryeo dynasty horse archer. Horseback Archery includes all martial arts fighting with a weapon on the horseback. It is since 4 centry when a stirrup came out that a martial art took form. It is thought that in Korea, horseback archery was used for hunting animals and displaying along with growing horses since 5~6 BC, with a fine horse coming into being in Buyeo and there were cavalry soldiers using bows arrows, swords and spears and so on. High-speed mounted warfare is a very important part since three kingdoms of ancient Korea and most important martial art in the fastest mobility, information power and an-all out war during wartime. In Goryeo Dynasty martial artists palyed Kyeokgu to practice martial arts, which is assumed to have been transmitted to Goryeo over three kingdoms of ancient Korea as Polo originated from Persia was transfered to Qing Dynasty of China. It is the only sport military officiers enjoyed.

The cavalry of Korea was first introduced during the ancient Korean kingdom Gojoseon. Since at least the 3rd century BC, there was influence of northern nomadic peoples and Yemaek peoples on Korean Warfare. By roughly the 1st century BC, the ancient kingdom of Buyeo also had mounted warriors. With contacts, military intercession, and sailed ventures to Korea, cavalry of Goguryeo were called Gaemamusa and were similar to tanks in the age of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Gwanggaeto the Great often led expeditions into Baekje, Gaya confederacy, Buyeo and against Japanese invaders with his cavalry. https://www.cavhooah.com/pages/early-cavalry

the lightest that the chivalry of China and Korea could be at that time BC. it is this.

https://namu.wiki/w/한국 갑옷 a Korean armor history wikia. .

The oldest thing I found was with Korean was. Choi Yong Seon or Gojoseon period. And Jin Dynasty (Korea)

Check this.

to understand the Japanese cavalry you have to understand the Korean. Recent archaeological research has uncovered traces of wars as far back as the Jōmon period (ca. 10,000–300 BC) between the various tribes existing on the Japanese Archipelago. Some theorists believe that shortly after the Yayoi period (ca. 300 BC – 250 AD) horse riders from the Korean Peninsula invaded southern Kyūshū, then spread all the way to northern Honshū. This is when horse-riding and iron tools were first introduced to the islands.

Horses in Japan. Although there is still some controversy over the subject, it is generally believed that horses did not exist in Japan during the Paleolithic, Mesolithic or Neolithic periods (Stone Age, Jomon and early YaYoi eras). It is also believed that all Japanese native horses are descended from animals brought from the mainland of Asia at various times and by various routes. Domestic horses were definitely present in Japan as early as the 6th century and perhaps as early as the 4th century. Breed Characteristics Japanese native breeds share a number of characteristics: they are all technically ponies inasmuch as all of them stand under 14.2 hands (147 cm). Their heads are relatively large, the neck is carried horizontally, their manes are thick and flowing. In general, when viewed from the rear the croup is rather wide at the top, narrowing toward the legs. (This is felt to resemble an old style hat woven from grasses and is called, amigasa jiri.) The most common colors are bay, brown, chestnut, roan and cremello. They do not, in general, have white markings on legs or face but a black dorsal stripe is extremely common. All of these local breeds are known for their endurance, their ability to survive on poor food and in severe weather conditions and they all share the characteristics of having extremely tough hooves. http://imh.org/exhibits/past/breeds-of-the-world/asia/japanese-native-horses/

in fact Japan allied itself with Korean kingdoms.

Third century AD. they were Ponies.lol.

I am looking for cavalry that of the time. I only find Korean Cataphracts.

Cataphracts. goguryeo armor. the similarity with equipment from the steppes like Xiongnu/Huns is striking.

Central Asia Armoured Mounted Warrior equipped with Hunish helmet and chinese sword (Jian), halberd Guan Dao (5th type) V-VI Century AD." Artist P. Glodek 5th Century Hanging Lamellar Cuirass, based on Hunnish Plates from the River Ob and stylized after the mosaics at Santa Maria Maggiore. Constructed by Nadeem Ahmad.

only infantry civilization, if we add cavalry it would be scout and mercenary.

some ideas for the details.

By its very nature, the design of a composite bow pertains to an elaborate arrangement of materials that can resist the forces of both stretching and compression. The steppe dwellers improved upon this design scope by incorporating ‘specialized’ animal materials that had apt mechanical properties. For example, sinew is known to have an almost four-times greater tensile strength than the wooden bow, while the complementary horn has enviable compressive strength. Furthermore, the Huns added notched extensions made of bone or horn (generally sourced from steppe longhorn cattle) to the limbs of the bows – thus endowing them with far greater rigidity than conventional wood can offer. These engineered extensions even had their tactical value, as they allowed the archer to bend and draw a heavier bow with lesser physical effort. And, since we brought up the action of drawing the bow, the Huns were also known for using different arrows for hunting and battles. In case of battles, they preferred to carry arrows with blades that were both stocky and broad, while their shoulders were kept hooked. This made the delicate process of extracting the arrow from an enemy’s body very difficult, which often resulted in extensive blood loss. Agility was the cornerstone of every steppe dweller’s battlefield tactics. The Huns improved upon this scope of flexibility by using their loose formations to surround the enemy. However, they tended to avoid melee combat as much as possible in the beginning stages of the conflict. Instead, their horse archer contingents relied on precise missile barrages that affected the foe both physically and psychologically. And to ‘complement’ such an intense scenario, the Huns intentionally made harsh and guttural sounds that caught the enemy unawares, thus endowing an illusion of Hunnish ferocity and ‘barbarism’. But where the Huns truly excelled was their execution of the seemingly disparate tactics that more than often confused the enemy forces. As Ammianus gave an account of how the Hunnish horsemen quickly divided themselves into scattered bands from an organized formation. Then they rushed forth into various directions of the Romans almost in a disorderly manner, which rather baffled the foe. But this was a trick that simply epitomized the ‘order in chaos’ dictum, and the Huns aptly overcame the Romans by their aptitude in archery and suddenness in charges. Agility was the cornerstone of every steppe dweller’s battlefield tactics. The Huns improved upon this scope of flexibility by using their loose formations to surround the enemy. However, they tended to avoid melee combat as much as possible in the beginning stages of the conflict. Instead, their horse archer contingents relied on precise missile barrages that affected the foe both physically and psychologically. And to ‘complement’ such an intense scenario, the Huns intentionally made harsh and guttural sounds that caught the enemy unawares, thus endowing an illusion of Hunnish ferocity and ‘barbarism’. While the Huns preferred to cut back their hair to the temple region, it was left to grow (usually dirty and unattended) along the back of their heads. However, such ‘hairy’ features were only limited to the head portion, since most Hun warriors shaved their cheeks. This served a ritual purpose, with the soldiers intentionally scarring their cheeks to conform to their societal warrior codes. In some cases, the wounds were made deep (according to Jordanes) to supposedly mourn the loss of their fallen brethren in battles – with the scars symbolizing the tears of blood. The interesting feature of the Hunnish warrior was their practice of cranial deformation – which was usually achieved by binding the head from childhood (when the skull tends to be soft yet growing). Similar practices were also observed in other ethnically different nomadic groups, like the Sarmatians. However, the historians are still puzzled by the Hunnish practice, since almost no contemporary record of such rituals are found from literary sources (which contradict the existing archaeological finds). This had led to the hypothesis that perhaps the practice was only prevalent in the elite groups of the Hunnish society. Mirroring the chaotic military and a rather complex political scenario in the 4th-6th-century Roman world and Eurasia, we know that tribal structures were gradually eroded and replaced by the mutual appreciation of security borne by confederations. To that end, we know of Goths fighting with Romans and yet also serving in Roman frontier armies. Similarly, few Huns (or associated horsemen) possibly took part in the ‘first’ Gothic incursion into Greece. Over time, the Romans also started to employ Hun mercenaries into their service, in spite of their general aversion (and fear) for the ‘horse barbarians’. There are accounts of the Huns being even inducted into the bodyguard units of Romans – as was the case with the bucellarii retinue of Flavius Stilicho, a magister of Vandal descent in the early 5th century. Even Western Roman Emperor Honorius possibly had 300 Hunnish warriors as part of his scholae palatinae (an elite military guard unit) stationed at Ravenna, in Italy. The very same Honorius possibly also employed over thousands of Huns as mercenaries for his war against Alaric, the first king of the Visigoths. https://www.realmofhistory.com/2019/09/19/8-incredible-facts-about-the-huns-you-probably-didnt-know-about/