Nescio

Actually it's 500–1 BC and AD 1–500. The year 0 does not exist (which is why it was chosen as the name of the game ).

There is no need to apologize, most people have different mother tongues. Moreover, many (most?) native English people are unable to write their own language properly. However, I just noticed three different people in a row making the same mistake, therefore I felt the need to speak out. If people are aware something is wrong, they're hopefully less likely to repeat the same mistake.

Sorry to interrupt, but the plural of Maya is Maya or Mayas, but not Mayans. Nobody writes Quechuans either (or Incans, I hope). Getting Mauryans [sic] in 0 A.D. corrected into Mauryas was already difficult enough. Actually they're included in the Terra Magna mod (A23) available via the in game mod downloader; improvements are made in a separate mod: https://github.com/0ADMods/han_china (A24).

Yes, I recall the transifex sign-up procedure to be rather off-puting, and shied away more than once. However, eventually I got so fed up with a particular translated string for the umpteenth time that I went ahead anyway. Afterwards I emptied all possible fields under https://www.transifex.com/user/settings/ so now the only data they (should) have is an e-mail, username, and password, none of them reflecting my real identity.

https://www.transifex.com/wildfire-games/0ad/

Thanks! Apparently it's a depiction of Harpocrates, the eternal-child-god. That article is a chapter in a book, here's the relevant page and the next: (If you want the full pdf, send me a private message.) Thanks for the link, it's always good to know where things are from!

What do you exactly mean with Roman in this particular case? Equipment c. 100 BC was not the same as c. AD 100. Moreover, the Roman provinces of Africa (Carthage) and Macedonia (Macedon, Thessaly, Epirus, and Greece) were established in 146 BC and Asia (Pergamon) in 133 BC, but most of Italy still consisted of allies that only became Roman in the aftermath of the Social War (91–87 BC). Naples was Greek, Pompeii Oscan, Praeneste, though in Latium, probably Etruscan. The Hellenistic Mediterranean as a whole and Italy in particular was a continuum when it comes to material culture. The terracotta in the opening post looks like a Celt. I don't know from when it's dated or where it was found. The equipment of the group looks Hellenistic, and given their fancy clothes, helmets, and body armour, those were Macedonians, the socio-political upper class of Ptolemaic Egypt. But whether the mosaic artist has actually seen them in Alexandria, or is basing himself on stories from other visitors, on imported Ptolemaic art, art from elsewhere (Greece, Macedon, Pergamon, etc.), or on equipment being used in contemporary Italy, is unknown. To clarify, I'm neither against nor in favour of giving Ptolemaic units in 0 A.D. those rectangular shields. I simply don't know, I'm not an archaeologist. My point is the mosaic on its own is not a reliable depiction of Ptolemaic Egypt (though it could be used to support what is known from Ptolemaic sources, if any).

No, I'm not dismissing it, I'm merely urging caution and a critical attitude towards sources. A detailed monograph on the mosaic is: P. G. P. Meyboom The Nile Mosaic of Palestrina : Early Evidence of Egyptian Religion in Italy (Leiden 1995) The author makes a strong case for dating the Fish and Nile mosaics of Palestrina between 120 and 110 BC, i.e. predating the Social War (91–87 BC) and Sulla's refounding, and that probably its creators subsequently went on to make the Fish mosaic in the House of the Fauna in Pompeii (which also had the famous Alexander mosaic), dated between 110 and 100 BC, and the Nilotic mosaic frieze, also in the House of the Faun, dated c. 90 BC, as well as a three other fish mosaics found in Pompeii, and possibly a few more fish mosaics found elsewhere. It's also noteworthy that in the early 17th C, during the reign of Urban VIII, Palestrina came in the possession of the Barberini, who cut up the mosaic in large sections and shipped them to Rome between 1624 and 1626, and sent them back in 1640 to decorate their new palace in Palestrina (now the local museum). The original mosaic was larger and of a different shape and composition than the current version: (The Barberini were also responsible for melting down two-millennia-old bronze from the Pantheon.) Possibly, though not necessarily. It also depends on what you mean with “author”. The artist who made the Alexander Mosaic doesn't have to have been present at the Battle of Issus. Furthermore, those producing chinoiserie in 17th and 18th C Europe rarely visited the Far East. The same is true for the Palestrina mosaic: it contained Hellenistic elements and Egyptian scenes (including legendary animals deemed living in Aithiopia (i.e. Kush)), but was designed and custom-made for the Nymphaeum in Praeneste by a workshop active in Italy. A very important thing to realize is the proximity of Praeneste and Pompeii to Puteoli (Pozzuoli on the Bay of Naples), which at the time was the international port of Rome and the entry point not only of Egyptian grain, but also of Ptolemaic art. I'm not disputing rectangular shields existed. My point is that just because they're depicted on the Palestrina mosaic doesn't necessarily mean they're Egyptian; they could have been e.g. Italic or Celtic. Meyboom also gives a nice and short summary of the relations between Ptolemaic Egypt and Rome in an appendix:

Black Americans are significantly more likely to die: in general: https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/death-rate-by-raceethnicity due to firearms: https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/firearms-death-rate-by-raceethnicity because of coronavirus: https://www.apmresearchlab.org/covid/deaths-by-race and presumably they're overrepresented in other causes too.

Nation-wide gun control, proper police training, accessable health care, sick leave, maternity and paternity leave, a minimum wage, decent social security, public transport, and, perhaps most importantly, affordable high-quality education are all things most civilized countries have nowadays.

Indeed, Genghis Khan was exceptionally bloody. Compared to him, Alexander, Caesar, Attila, Timur (Tamerlane), Napoleon, and even Leopold II, Hitler, Stalin, and Mao were nice chaps.

Indeed, toppling statues, renaming things, or rewriting history doesn't solve the problem, nor would protesting on the streets or electing another president. That said, moving art from the streets to museums doesn't hurt either, and it gives the opportunity to erect something more fashionable. (By the way, George Washington was a slave owner, and the Democrats used to be the party of the Jim Crow laws and the Solid South, whereas the Republicans were the party of liberals and human rights activists.)

Except for Sparta ...

These patches are related, so I bundled them in a mod: walls_a24.zip So people can try them out easier. This mod requires the svn development version (A24), mind, not the latest (A23) or earlier stable releases. It allows things like this:

D1925 probably needs to be rebased and updated. Also, from the summary: Probable TODO: fix screenshots, fix atlas, fix the cinematic. g_GuiScale should probably be added back. Also names are probably not perfect.

Thanks for pointing that one out, but no, I just tried it out and it does not solve the reported Atlas issue, at least not for me (Fedora 32, gcc 10.1.1).

That could be easily solved by removing territory decay from the palisades (making them effectively uncapturable). Moreover, this applies to “neutral” territory too.

You can access configuration files etc. without having to run 0 A.D., see https://trac.wildfiregames.com/wiki/GameDataPaths for where they are located on your operating system.

Thank you for your kind words and good luck! I'm not exactly sure what you intended to write there, but “salvage” is more polite than “scavenge” or “savage”.

In the templates you find two different times: <PrepareTime>: the point after the start of the attack when the damage is actually inflicted. <RepeatTime>: the duration of the attack (i.e. the time in between attacks). The animation time is stretched to match the <RepeatTime>. I don't know how the sounds work. @Alexandermb, @Stan`, is there an easy way to look up the real duration of attack animations? In some cases we might say gameplay trumps realism, but for e.g. animals I think it would be better to adjust the repeat time to the animation time, instead of vice versa.

Thanks. “Quintus Curtius Rufus 8.9.29” would have been enough, but providing a link to text and translation is indeed helpful. Now I wonder what Arrian writes on Porus and elephants. [EDIT] Diodorus Siculus on Porus and the Battle of the Hydaspes (17.87–89): Text and translation taken from Perseus. (No elephant armour, turrets, or howdahs are mentioned.) The corresponding, but much longer, account in Quintus Curtius Rufus is 8.14 (which starts on page 344 = 354/654 of the book you linked).

Source, please? Do the Vedas explicitly mention elephants being used on the battlefield, or just elephants (e.g. as animals living in the forests, mounts for the gods, beasts of burden, or assisting people with heavy work)? Elephant warfare undoubtedly originated on Sri Lanka or in India long before Darius III and Alexander III, however, elephant armour, turrets, and howdahs did not exist since the beginning of time. Please provide a clear reference.

A bit of context: 283 BC: Demetrius Poliorkētēs dies in captivity. 282 BC: Ptolemy I Sōtēr dies, is succeeded by Ptolemy II Philadelphos. 281 BC: Battle of Corupedium, Lysimachus and Seleucus I Nicatōr are killed, Ptolemy Keraunos seizes the throne of Thrace and Macedon. 280 BC: Pyrrhus of Epirus invades Italy. Whilst the Ptolemaic elephant hunting programme was started by Ptolemy II, at that point he had just succeeded his father and his expeditions would not have commenced yet; the only elephants the Ptolemies had then were what was left of Alexander's Indian elephant corps, which was quite old by then (hence the need to find a source to replace them). You mean: Unfortunately that sentence is not referenced. I reread Plutarch Pyrrhus, who informs us Pyrrhus took 20 elephants with him into Italy (15.1), but does not state where, when, or whom Pyrrhus got them from. According to Justin 17.2 (Latin, French, English), Pyrrhus received an army from Ptolemy Keraunos, which included 50 elephants. If Justin is correct, then the elephants Pyrrhus had came from the Indian elephants Seleucus obtained from Chandragupta. This is more plausible than the alternative (Alexander's aging elephants shipped from Egypt). It's not impossible they had turrets. It's unclear when elephant turrets were exactly introduced, but it must have been at some point between 323 (death of Alexander) and 217 (Battle of Raphia).

This looks great, many thanks for compiling such a lengthy report! I couldn't help but notice you use different varieties of English in your text, e.g. Please choose one (Oxford, British, American) and stick with it consistently. Furthermore, ensure all sentences end with a full stop, check and double check all user names (e.g. I believe ValihrAnt is supposed to have a capital A), and verify all links work and show up properly. Good impressions matter in outreach. [EDIT] On transifex eight languages are above 99%, three more above 95%, and six more above 90%, which makes a total of 17, not 16. Wouldn't “September 2019 – May 2020” be better?