Ok, I’ll start with either city states or tribes.
would it be safe to say in general all tribal buildings are mostly wood?
some other ideas on what they may all have in common?
The categorisation cannot be clean cut, because it mixes forms of government with sizes, which is related to how heterogeneous they were. Taking what they were for the most time (Macedonia was an Empire for a very few years):
Tribes: Britons, Gauls, Iberians, Germans.
City-states: Athenians, Spartans, Thebans.
Republics: Romans, Carthaginians.
Kingdoms: Macedonians, Ptolemies, Kushites.
Empires: Seleucids, Persians, Mauryans, Han.