Civ: Hellenes (Athenians, Spartans, Thebans, Syracusans)

[Mythos_Ruler]

HELLENIC CIVILISATION PROFILE

Version 2.0

by Michael D. Hafer [aka Mythos_Ruler] Email: michaeldhafer@gmail.com. (Indiana, United States of America).

Revamped Macedonians can be found

HERE.

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS

==INFANTRY==

* Generic Name: Greek Hoplite.

* Specific Name: Hoplites Hellenikos.

* Class: Spearman.

* Armament: 2.5 meter spear or "Dory."

* Appearance:

- Body:

Basic - Simple tunic. No armour or greaves. No footwear.

Advanced - Linothorax armour (with pteruges) and bronze greaves. Sandals.

Elite - Bronze muscled cuirass (with leather pteruges) and bronze greaves. Sandals.

- Shield:

Round Hellenic Aspis for all three levels. Elite level has patterned leather skirt.

- Helmet:

Basic - Basic Pilos helmet.

Advanced - Open faced Thracian and Chalcidean helmets, plumed and non-plumed, crested and non-crested.

Elite - Crested Corinthian helmets.

- Figure(s): None yet

* History: The basic unit of the Greek army and unique in its combat tactics. The Hoplite formed the core of the Greek army with a unique formation ready to hold all potential attacks.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Good vs. Cavalry. Sufficient armor to hold the line against most melee units.

* Special: "Phalanx" Formation.

* Generic Name: Light Swordsman.

* Specific Name: Ekdromos. <means: out runner>

* Class: Swordsman.

* Armament:

- Melee: Xiphos or Kopis swords. Spear when in Phalanx formation.

- Ranged (Initial): Heavy Javelin. Thrown first, then close with Sword.

* Appearance:

- Body:

Basic - Simple tunic. No armour or greaves. No sandals.

Advanced - Decorative tunic. No armour, greaves, or sandals.

Elite - "Thracian" tunic. Thracian cloak. Leather Thracian boots.

- Shield:

Basic - Aspis, same as Hoplitai.

Advanced - Aspis, same as Hoplitai.

Elite - Aspis, same as Hoplitai. Leather skirt.

- Helmet:

Basic - Basic Pilos helmet.

Advanced - Open faced Thracian and Chalcidean helmets, non-plumed, non-crested.

Elite - Open faced Thracian and Chalcidean helmets, crested.

- Figure(s): None yet.

* History: Ekdromos (literally: out runner) was a development of the hoplite. Development of the hoplite took many twists and turns based on the changing dynamics on the field of battle. Once armies began using Peltasts imported from Thrace something had to be done to counter this barrage of javelins thrown into the midst of a phalanx. The Thebans began to increase the armor of their hoplites, but the Athenians took a completely different approach and lightened the load for their infantry. The Ekdromoi would dash out from the phalanx, close with the enemy ranged units at speed, and cut them down at will. This approach also worked to harass more heavily armed troops as well, the enemy carrying too much weight to catch the vexatious Ekdromoi.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Fast. Individually very vulnerable to ranged units when not in Phalanx formation. Kills spearmen and skirmishers.

* Special: "Phalanx" Formation.

* Generic Name: Thracian Peltast.

* Specific Name: Peltastes Thrakikos.

* Class: Javelinist.

* Armament: Javelins. Decorative curved dagger.

* Appearance:

- Body:

Basic - Simple tunic. No shoes. No headgear.

Advanced - Decorative tunic. Leather boots.

Elite - Decorative tunic. Leather boots. "Thracian" cloak.

- Shield:

Thracian-style pelta shields for each level.

- Helmet:

Basic - No headgear.

Advanced - Floppy Thracian hat.

Elite - Decorative floppier Thracian hat.

- Figure(s): None yet.

* History: Peltasts carry a special shield called a pelta (from which they derived their name). The shield is deliberately curved to allow the Peltast to throw javelins faster and over a greater range. Peltasts were used to great affect by the Thebans at the Battle of Leuktra, successfully breaking up the Spartan phalanx and allowing the famous Theban Sacred Band to defeat the disorganized Spartans hoplites.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Good skirmishers. Fast. Little armour per se.

* Special: none.

* Generic Name: Greek Militia.

* Specific Name: Psilos <means: militiaman>

* Class: Slinger.

* Armament: Sling and leather bullet pouch. Decorative dagger.

* Appearance:

- Body:

Basic - Poor. Simple tunic (nearly naked). No shoes.

Advanced - Decorative tunic. Sandals. Fox hide slung over his shoulder.

Elite - Decorative tunic. Leather boots.

- Shield:

Basic - no shield.

Advanced - No shield.

Elite - Small round pelta.

- Helmet:

Basic - No helmet.

Advanced - Leather cap.

Elite - Straw hat.

- Figure(s): None yet.

* History: Psiloi were the lightest troops of the Hellenic armies, made up of the males who were too poor to be able to afford armor and a hoplite shield. A sling was cheap and ammo (rocks) was plentiful.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Good Pierce attack, but otherwise very poor. Basically no armour. Can't stand up to a fight.

* Special: none.

==CAVALRY==

* Generic Name: Greek Cavalry.

* Specific Name: Hippeus Hellenikos.

* Class: Cavalry Swordsman.

* Hacker Armament: Xiphos Sword.

* Appearance:

- Body:

Basic - Simple tunic. Sandals.

Advanced - Linothorax w/ pteruges. Sandals.

Elite - Bronze cuirass. Leather pteruges. Leather boots.

- Shield:

Basic - No shield.

Advanced - No shield.

Elite - No shield.

- Helmet:

Basic - Straw hat.

Advanced - Straw hat.

Elite - Crested Illyrian or Chalcidean helmets.

- Mount:

Basic - Simple tack. No saddle blanket.

Advanced - More decorative tack. Simple saddle blanket.

Elite - Bronze chamfron. Decorative tack. Patterned saddle blanket.

- Figure(s): None yet.

* History: The Hellenic cavalry was formed by the rich and aristocrats in ancient Greece, because breeding horses was expensive. They were therefore not used in great numbers.

* Garrison: 2.

* Function: Good against Ranged Infantry and Cavalry Spearmen.

* Special: None.

* Generic Name: Skirmish Cavalry.

* Specific Name: Prodromos. <means: forerunner>

* Class: Cavalry Javelinist.

* Armament: Cavalry Javelin.

* Appearance:

- Body:

Basic - Naked. Chlamys (cape/cloak). No footwear.

Advanced - Light-weight quilted thorax. Chlamys. Sandals.

Elite - Linothorax armour. Chlamys with patterned trim. Leather boots.

- Shield:

Basic - No shield.

Advanced - No shield.

Elite - No shield.

- Helmet:

Basic - Straw hat.

Advanced - Boeotian Helmet, non plumed.

Elite - Plumed Boeotian helmet.

- Mount:

Basic - Simple tack. No saddle blanket.

Advanced - More decorative tack. Simple saddle blanket.

Elite - Decorative tack. Patterned saddle blanket.

- Figure(s): None yet..

* History: Prodromoi were javelin armed Hellenic cavalry. Lightly armored, they were usually used for scouting, pillaging, or for running down fleeing enemy troops.

* Garrison: 2.

* Function: Good vs. support units.

* Special: none.

==SUPPORT UNITS==

* Generic Name: Woman.

* Specific Name: Gyne.

* Class: Female Citizen.

* Armament: None.

* Appearance:

- Body: Chiton and Himation.

- Shield: None.

- Helmet: None.

- Figure(s): -.

* History: Even though Greece was a male-dominated world, women did play a significant role in it. The most outstanding examples were Sappho, the famous poet; Aspasia, concubine to Perikles of Athens; and Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Standard female citizen attributes. Does not fight. Runs when confronted with enemy attack. Capturable.

* Special: none.

* Generic Name: Priest.

* Specific Name: Hiereus. <means: sacred one, or "priest">

* Class: Healer.

* Armament: None.

* Appearance:

- Body: Long white Himation.

- Shield: None.

- Helmet: White hood and olive wreath crown.

- Figure(s): -.

* History: The art of medicine was widely practised in Classical Greece. Hippocrates was the first physician to separate religion and superstition from actual medicine, and many others followed his lead.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Average Healer stats.

* Special: "Sphagia" (pre-battle sacrifice). If the Healer kills or slaughters a domesticated animal (cow, auroch, sheep, goat) within LOS of military units, those units get a small (+10%) attack boost for a short amount of time(~30 sec).

* Generic Name: Merchant.

* Specific Name: Emporos.

* Class: Trader.

* Armament: None. Walking stick.

* Appearance:

- Body: Chiton and Chlamys (cloak). Boots.

- Shield: None.

- Helmet: Floppy straw hat.

- Mount: He does not ride a trade cart, but walks on his own will, pack mule in tow.

- Figure(s): Same look as the Hellene or Carthaginian Traders.

* History: The Greeks were born traders. While not as widely spread as sea trade, land trade nevertheless was practised on a reasonable scale.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Standard trader.

* Special: none.

==NAVY==

* Generic Name: Fishing Boat.

* Specific Name: Ploion Halieutikon.

* Class: Fishing Boat.

* Armament: None.

* Appearance:

- Shell: Small wooden skiff. No sail.

* Figure(s): Good image of just such a boat, which can probably also be used for the Romans, Carthaginians, and Persians.

* History: The Hellenes were good fishermen.

* Garrison: Cannot.

* Garrison Capacity: 1; support, infantry

* Function: Gathering: Only method of collecting meat from fish.

* Special: Garrison a support unit or infantry unit inside to boost fishing rate.

* Generic Name: Merchant Ship.

* Specific Name: Ploion Emporike.

* Class: Merchantman.

* Armament: None.

* Appearance:

- Shell: Wooden ship with sail.

* Figure(s): This is a nice render for basis: Perfect!

* History: The Hellenes were natural sea traders, establishing colonies and trading posts as far as the Crimea in the Black Sea and as far as the Pillars of Herakles in Spain.

* Garrison: Cannot.

* Function: Standard Merchant Ship. Garrison a Trader aboard to boost trade.

* Special: -

* Generic Name: Pentakonter.

* Specific Name: Pentekontoros. <means: Fifty Oars>

* Class: Light Warship.

* Armament: None.

* Appearance:

- Shell: One bank of oars. One large square sail. Brass ram on the prow of the ship.

* Figure(s): None yet.

* History: Pentakonters were employed from 800 BC, mostly as a light support unit in the Greek navy. After 600 BC, they were only seen in battle in very limited numbers. They were still in use by small states which could not afford a sufficient number of triremes for their navy.

* Garrison: Cannot.

* Function: Standard bireme class ship, but faster and with less HPs.

* Special: -

* Generic Name: Trireme.

* Specific Name: Trieres. <means: Three banks (of oars)>

* Class: Medium Warship.

* Armament: None.

* Appearance:

- Shell: Three banks of oars. One large square sail and one smaller one. Bronze-beaked ram on the prow of the ship.

* Figure(s): -.

* History: The first Triremes were built circa 650BC, and by 500BC the Trireme was the most widely used heavy warship of the Greek city-states. In the Trireme the outriggers were now an integral part of the ship's hull. The Trireme also had a partial or full fighting deck above the rowers. The length of the Trireme remained approximately 35-38 meters, and the beam was approximately 3.5 metres. A Trireme carried 170 oarsmen, plus twenty sailors and fourteen marines in Greek navies. The top speed of a Trireme was approximately 11.5 knots. Some Triremes may have been able to reach higher speeds in short bursts. A Trireme traveling from Athens to Mitylene in 427BC made the 350 kilometre trip in only 24 hours, averaging eight knots (14.6 km/h). The Trireme could accelerate much faster than a Bireme or Pentakonter, and was much more maneuverable. This gave the Trireme an advantage in combat, where higher speed and maneuverability meant a better chance of victory.

* Garrison: Cannot.

* Function: Standard trireme class ship.

* Special: -

==SIEGE==

* Generic Name: Catapult.

* Specific Name: Lithobolos

* Class: Stone Thrower

* Appearance:

- Shell: Stone-throwing catapult, similar to the Roman Ballista catapult.

* History: The Lithobolos (Stone Thrower) hurled stones of 10 lbs (4.5 kilos) to 180 lbs (82 kilos) in weight. They all looked alike and differed only in size: the dimentions being calculated by a complex mathematical formula based on the spring diameter. Such machines were normally brought to point-blank range (150-200 yards [157m - 185m]) and were capable of stripping the battlements from fortified walls.

* Garrison: 3.

* Function: Anti-building siege. Used to take down Walls and Fortresses. 10-20% weaker than the unupgraded Roman Ballista.

* Special: Does bonus damage vs. enemy units garrisoned atop walls and towers.

* Generic Name: Bolt Shooter.

* Specific Name: Oxybeles

* Class: Bolt Thrower

* Appearance:

- Shell: Scorpion-like engine that throws rock instead of arrows.

* History: The Oxybeles was designed in 375 BC, because the composite bow developed so fast that it grew too large and too powerful to be operated by a single human archer. The bow was placed on a tripod and a winch was fitted to draw it back. It was still made out of horn, wood and sinew, but it was bigger and more powerful then the gastraphetes bow. Because of that, the range was greater, and by placing the bow on a stable tripod, the accuracy of the shot was also greatly improved. However, the limits of the materials were nearly reached, and the engineers still wanted more power.

* Garrison: 3.

* Function: Building and Infantry killer. Smaller and weaker than the Roman Scorpion.

* Special: Bonused vs. Infantry and Infantry Archers.

==DELIAN LEAGUE CHAMPION UNITS==

* Generic Name: Iphicratean Hoplite.

* Specific Name: Hoplites Iphikratikos.

* Class: Champion Infantry Unit.

* Melee Armament: Longer 12' spear.

* Ranged Armament: Javelin.

* Appearance:

- Body: Quilted linen cuirass. Thracian boots.

- Shield: Smaller Greek aspis shield.

- Helmet: Bronze Phrygian and Attic types, with and without crests.

- Figure(s): -.

* History: Iphikrates implemented many reforms with the Athenian army in the early 4th century. He made his hoplites lighter and more agile, making them closer to peltasts. He made his peltasts heavier and they carried a heavier sword, more like hoplites. With this mixed army he managed to destroy an entire company of Spartans outside of Corinth, shocking the Greek world (and the Spartans).

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Medium armour. Flexible. Can hold the line in a phalanx or skirmish with their javelins.

* Special: None.

* Generic Name: Athenian Marine.

* Specific Name: Epibastes Athenaikos. <Greek translation needed>

* Class: Champion Infantry Unit.

* Melee Armament: Dory Spear. Sword and scabbard (decorative)

* Ranged Armament (Secondary): Cretan Bow.

* Appearance:

- Body: No armour. Wears Thracian boots and a light tunic.

- Shield: Round Greek Aspis.

- Helmet: Chalcidean and Attic helmets, crested and uncrested.

- Figure(s): -.

* History: Greek ships usually carried a compliment of marines on-board for sea battles and to protect the ship at night when beached. They were armed in the style of hoplites, but wore less armour.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: For melee and ranged defense. Can switch between the bow and spear.

* Special: Athenian Triremes can train Athenian Marines after researching the Delian League Unique Technology.

==PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE CHAMPION UNITS==

* Generic Name: Spartiate Heavy Infantry.

* Specific Name: Homoioi Spartiates. <means: Spartan peer>

* Class: Champion Infantry Unit.

* Armament: 2.5m spear, or "Dory."

* Appearance:

- Body: Bronze muscled cuirass. Linen or leather pteruges. Flowing cloak or Chlamys. Bronze greaves. Sandals.

- Shield: Large round bronze aspis shield, emblazoned with the mora emblems of the various Spartan regiments.

- Helmet: Corinthian helmets of various sub-types, with transverse and vertical crests.

- Figure(s): None yet.

* History: The Spartans had a very peculiar form of government which enabled them to be professional soldiers. It not only enabled them, but actually forced them to be superior soldiers as a small group of Spartans had to dominate an enormous number of subjects and unwilling allies. The Spartan army was superior in Hellas, and in the rest of the known world. No other army was so well trained, and had such excellent equipment. They believed that traditional training was the key to success, and for centuries they were correct, as they never lost a battle in spite of their small numbers. Ironically enough, this concept ended the Spartan supremacy, as the Spartan phalanx could not resist the new sloped Theban phalanx and the invading integrated Macedonian forces. The end of the Spartan power marked the end of the domination of the phalanx.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Good vs. Cavalry and Infantry. Their Achilles Heel is definately archery, with no extra pierce armor when compared to the standard "Greek Hoplite." Uses Xiphos (sword) when not in formation. Uses Dory (spear) when in formation.

* Special: Small (10%) attack bonus vs. Persian units.

* Special: "Phalanx" Formation.

* Generic Name: Spartan Commando.

* Specific Name: Skiritai.

* Class: Champion Infantry Unit.

* Hacker Armament: Xiphos and Kopis swords. Dory Speaks when in Phalanx Formation.

* Ranged Armament (Secondary): Javelin.

* Appearance:

- Body: Simple tunic. Right shoulder is bare. Spartan cloak.

- Shield: Spartan hoplite shield with raven emblem.

- Helmet: Pilos helmet variations, crested and un-crested.

- Figure(s): None yet.

* History: The Skiritai were a people subject to Sparta, whose status is comparable to that of the Periokoi. They lived in Skiritis, a mountainous region located in northern Laconia on the border with Arcadia, between the Oenus and the Eurotas rivers. The Skiritai were of Arcadian origin and their way of life essentially rural: they mostly lived in villages, of which the biggest were Oion and Caryai. Their territory was inhospitable, but was of strategic importance for Sparta since it controlled the road to Tegea, which explains why it rapidly fell into Spartan hands.

In war the Skiritai formed an elite corps of light infantry, a lochos (battalion) of about 600 men, which were used as a complement to the civic army. According to Thucydides, they fought on the extreme-left wing in the battle-line, the most threatening position for the hoplite phalanx: "In this battle the left wing was composed of the Skiritai, who in a Lacedaemonian army have always that post to themselves alone". At night, they were placed as sentinels ahead of the army and acted as scouts to open the way for the king, whom they only could precede.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Fast moving scouts and skirmishers. They can also form a phalanx and hold the line like Hoplitai.

* Special: "Phalanx" Formation.

==BOEOTIAN LEAGUE CHAMPION UNITS==

* Generic Name: Sacred Band Hoplite.

* Specific Name: Hieros Lochos. <means: Sacred Band>

* Class: Champion Infantry Unit.

* Armament: Long Greek spear, the "dory".

* Appearance:

- Body: Scale reinforced linen armour and some bronze cuirasses. Greaves.

- Shield: large round Greek aspis shield with "Club of Heracles" emblem.

- Helmet: Plumed and Crested Thracian, Chalcidean, and Boeotian variants.

- Figure(s): None yet.

* History: The Sacred Band of Thebes was a troop of picked soldiers, consisting of 150 age-structured male couples, which formed the elite force of the Theban army in the 4th century BC. It was organised by the Theban commander Gorgidas in 378 BC and played a crucial role in defeating the Spartans at the Battle of Leuctra. It was annihilated by Philip II of Macedon in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC.

After the Theban general Pelopidas recaptured the acropolis of Thebes from the Spartans in 379 BCE, he assumed command of the Sacred Band, in which he fought alongside his good friend Epaminondas. It was Pelopidas who formed these couples into a distinct unit: he "never separated or scattered them, but would stand [them with himself in] the brunt of battle, using them as one body." They became, in effect, the "special forces" of Greek soldiery, and the forty years of their known existence (378–338 BCE) marked the pre-eminence of Thebes as a military and political power in late-classical Greece.

The Sacred Band under Pelopidas fought the Spartans at Tegyra in 375 BCE, vanquishing an army that was at least three times its size. It was also responsible for the victory at Leuctra in 371 BCE, called by Pausanias the most decisive battle ever fought by Greeks against Greeks. Leuctra established Theban independence from Spartan rule and laid the groundwork for the expansion of Theban power, but possibly also for Philip II's eventual victory.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Same stats as a Spartan Homoioi, but trains twice as fast and costs 2 population slots.

* Special: "Oblique Order" Formation.

* Special: "Phalanx" Formation.

* Generic Name: Fire Raiser.

* Specific Name: Pyrobolos. <means: "fire thrower">

* Class: Champion Siege Unit.

* Armament: Flame.

* Appearance:

- Shell: A long wheeled tube that shoots fire and brimstone.

* Figure(s): None yet.

* History: Used by the Thebans to siege the Athenian garrison at Delium in 424 BC.

* Garrison: Cannot.

* Function: Short-range siege unit that also does splash damage to enemy and friendly units alike. Has a 1 in 20 chance of exploding (self-destructing, with splash damage) when used on a new target.

* Special: -

==SICILIAN LEAGUE CHAMPION UNITS==

* Generic Name: Siege Crossbow.

* Specific Name: Gastraphetes. <means: belly bow>

* Class: Champion Ranged Unit.

* Ranged Armament: The "belly bow" crossbow.

* Appearance:

- Body: Quilted linothorax and pteruges. Leather boots.

- Shield: No shield.

- Helmet: Plumed Boeotian and Pilos helmets.

- Figure(s): None yet.

* History: The gastraphetes (English translation: "belly-releaser") was a hand-held crossbow used by the Ancient Greeks. It was described in the 1st century AD by the Greek author Heron of Alexandria in his work Belopoeica, which draws on an earlier account of the famous Greek engineer Ctesibius. Heron identifies the gastraphetes as the forerunner of the later catapult, which places its invention some unknown time prior to ca. 420 BC. Unlike later Roman and medieval crossbows, spanning the weapon was not done by pulling up the string, but by pushing down an elaborate slider mechanism.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Cheap, easily-massed, siege unit.

* Special: -

* Generic Name: Greek Quinquereme.

* Specific Name: Pentieres Hellenikoi.

* Class: Champion Ship Unit.

* Armament: One catapult standard.

* Appearance:

- Shell: The Greek version of the Roman and Carthaginian quinquereme.

* Figure(s): None yet.

* History: Perhaps the most famous of the Hellenistic-era warships, because of its extensive use by the Carthaginians and Romans, the quinquereme (Latin: quinqueremis, Greek: pentieres) was invented by Dionysius I of Syracuse in 399 BC as part of a major naval armament program directed against the Carthaginians. During most of the 4th century, the "fives" were the heaviest type of warship, and often used as flagships of fleets composed of triremes and quadriremes. Sidon had them by 351, and Athens fielded some in 324.

* Garrison: Cannot.

* Function: Essentially the same function as the Roman and Carthaginian quinqeremes.

* Special: -

==DELIAN LEAGUE HEROES==

* Generic Name: Themistocles.

* Specific Name: Themistokles.

* Class: Hero1.

* Hacker Armament: Xiphos.

* Ranged Armament: None.

* Appearance:

- Body: Bronze muscled cuirass. Greaves on shins.

- Helmet: Checkered Corinthian helmet with high crest.

- Shield: Greek aspis with a coiled snake shield pattern.

- Mount: None.

- Figure(s): Themistocles in his battle kit.

* History: Themistocles (Greek: "Glory of the Law"), c. 524–459 BC, was an Athenian politician and a general. He was one of a new breed of politicians who rose to prominence in the early years of the Athenian democracy, along with his great rival Aristides. As a politician, Themistocles was a populist, having the support of lower class Athenians, and generally being at odds with the Athenian nobility. Elected archon in 493 BC, he took steps to increase the naval power of Athens, which would be a recurring theme in his political career. During the first Persian invasion of Greece, he fought at the Battle of Marathon, and was possibly one of the 10 Athenian strategoi (generals) in that battle.

In the years after Marathon, and in the run up to the second Persian invasion he became the most prominent politician in Athens. He continued to advocate a strong Athenian navy, and in 483 BC he persuaded the Athenians to build a fleet of 100 triremes; these would prove crucial in the forthcoming conflict with Persia. During the second invasion, he was in effective command of the Greek allied navy at the battles of Artemisium and Salamis. Due to subterfuge on the part of Themistocles, the Allies lured the Persian fleet into the Straits of Salamis, and the decisive Greek victory there was the turning point in the invasion, which was ended the following year by the defeat of the Persians at the Battle of Plataea.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Naval Enhancement.

* Special:

- "Hero" Aura (When garrisoned in a ship, all nearby warships move 25% faster and additional ships are constructed 25% faster).

- "Hero" Aura (Walls are built 33% faster during his lifespan).

* Generic Name: Pericles.

* Specific Name: Perikles.

* Class: Hero2.

* Hacker Armament: A mean-looking Kopis.

* Ranged Armament: None.

* Appearance:

- Body: A long flowing white toga over bronze armour.

- Helmet: A highly-embossed Chalcidean helmet with high crest.

- Shield: Greek aspis with Athenian "owl" shield pattern.

- Mount: None.

- Figure(s): Pericles in his battle kit.

* History: Pericles (Greek: "surrounded by glory"; c. 495 – 429 BC) was a prominent and influential statesman, orator, and general of Athens during the city's Golden Age—specifically, the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars. He was descended, through his mother, from the powerful and historically influential Alcmaeonid family. He had such a profound influence on Athenian society that Thucydides, his contemporary historian, acclaimed him as "the first citizen of Athens". Pericles turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire and led his countrymen during the first two years of the Peloponnesian War. The period during which he led Athens, roughly from 461 to 429 BC, is sometimes known as the "Age of Pericles", though the period thus denoted can include times as early as the Persian Wars, or as late as the next century.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Construction foreman, due to his grand building program.

* Special:

- "Hero" Aura (All structures constructed within his vision range are empowered to build 25% faster. These structures then have +50% Max Health and Loyalty for the remainder of the game.)

==PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE HEROES==

* Generic Name: Leonidas I.

* Specific Name: Leonidas I.

* Class: Hero1.

* Hacker Armament: Dory Spear.

* Ranged Armament: None.

* Appearance:

- Body: Fully armoured Spartan hoplite gear, with long flowing cape.

- Helmet: Black, etched, Corinthian helmet with transverse crest, denoting his rank.

- Shield: The traditional Apollo sunray shield design of the Spartan kings.

- Mount: None.

- Figure(s): Looks like a meaner and badder Spartiate. Long hair poking down out of the bottom of his helmet, with beard. Think of Aragorn from the Lord of the Rings movies. Include a cloak for artistic license.

* History: The king of Sparta, who fought and died at the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC. He successfully blocked the way of the huge Persian army through the narrow passage with his 7000 men, until Xerxes was made aware of a secret unobstructed path. Finding the enemy at his rear, Leonidas sent home most of his troops, choosing to stay behind with 300 hand-picked hoplites and win time for the others to withdraw.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Infantry Enhancement.

* Special:

- "Hero" Aura (Nearby friendly Hoplites and Spartiates have +20% attack and +20% armor.)

* Generic Name: Agis III.

* Specific Name: Agis III.

* Class: Hero2.

* Hacker Armament: Dory Spear.

* Ranged Armament: None.

* Appearance:

- Body: Iron muscled cuirass. Spartan cloak.

- Helmet: Transverse-crested pilos-style helmet with cheek pieces.

- Shield: A Greek aspis, with leather arrow skirt, and a painted gorgon emblem.

- Mount: None.

- Figure(s): None yet.

* History: Agis III was the 20th Spartan king of the Eurypontid lineage. Agis cobbled together an alliance of Southern Greek states to fight off Macedonian hegemony while Alexander the Great was away in Asia on his conquest march. After securing Crete as a Spartan tributary, Agis then moved to besiege the city of Megopolis in the Peloponnese, who was an ally of Macedon. Antipater, the Macedonian regent, lead an army to stop this new uprising. In the Battle of Megalopolis, the Macedonians prevailed in a long and bloody battle. Much like Leonidas 150 years earlier, instead of surrendering, Agis made a heroic final stand in order to buy time for his troops to retreat.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Leads by Example.

* Special:

- "Hero" Aura (He has triple the Health of standard infantry heroes, so lasts 3x longer in battle. He has no other bonuses, increased stats, or auras. He's basically an uber hoplite.)

==BOEOTIAN LEAGUE HEROES==

* Generic Name: Epaminondas.

* Specific Name: Epaminondas.

* Class: Hero1.

* Hacker Armament: Dory Spear.

* Ranged Armament: None.

* Appearance:

- Body: Scale Corselet with pteruges. Chlamys (cape). Boots.

- Helmet: Chalcidean helmet with high crest.

- Shield: Boeotian shield with Herakles Club insignia.

- Mount: None.

- Figure(s): None yet.

* History: Leader, statesman, and general of the Boeotian city-state Thebes during its moment of ascendency during the middle decades of the 4th century BC.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Conqueror.

* Special:

- "Hero" Aura (All units within his vision range have a +10% attack bonus vs. other Greek units.)

- "Hero" Aura (Enemy buildings within his vision range fall to capture 30% quicker)

* Generic Name: Pelopidas.

* Specific Name: Pelopidas.

* Class: Hero2.

* Hacker Armament: Short sword.

* Ranged Armament: None.

* Appearance:

- Body: Bronze muscled cuirass. Sandals and Greaves.

- Helmet: Pilos helmet with cheek pieces. Crested. Tinned with gold wreath.

- Shield: Same aspis shield as a Sacred Band Hoplite.

- Figure(s): None yet.

* History: Pelopidas (died 364 BC) was an important Theban statesman and general in Greece. He led the Theban Sacred Band to defeat a much larger Spartan force early in his career. Later he accompanied his friend and co-Boeotarch, Epaminondas, in defeating the Spartans at the Battle of Leuktra using the novel Oblique Order phalanx formation, focusing their forces on one part of the Spartan line in order to break it and route the rest of the enemy army. At the end of his life, Pelopidas was called upon by the towns of Thessaly to protect them against the rising ambitions of Alexander of Pharae. He managed to defeat Alexander, but in his haste to strike the final blow on Alexander, Pelopidas was himself slain.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Champion Infantry Enhancement.

* Special:

- "Hero" Aura (The Theban Sacred Band fight harder and train 50% faster while Pelopidas lives.)

==SICILIAN LEAGUE HEROES==

* Generic Name: Dionysius the Elder.

* Specific Name: Dionysios I.

* Class: Hero1.

* Hacker Armament: -.

* Ranged Armament: None.

* Appearance:

- Body: Lemellar corselet with pteruges and greaves.

- Helmet: An Italiote-style Greek helmet with crest.

- Shield: -.

- Mount: A fine horse with elaborate tack.

- Figure(s): None yet.

* History: Dionysius was the tyrant of Syracuse and nearly succeeded in pushing Carthage completely out of Sicily. He founded colonies along the Adriatic Sea, conquered cities in Southern Italy, and even interfered in Greece itself by helping the Illyrians overtake Epirus and installing a friendly despot on the Molossian throne. This foray into Greece failed when Sparta drove out the Illyrians and returned control of Epirus to the Molossian people.

Dionysius gained a reputation as a ruthless tyrant. He duped the democratic forces in Syracuse by faking an attack on his person and being granted a bodyguard with which he promptly took control of the city. From there he built a magnificent circuit of walls and a large fortress on a hill overlooking the city (Euryalos). He sponsored engineers and mathematicians to come to his city and devise new machines of war (notably the gastraphetes). He was also fond of literature and the arts, even going to far as to enter a play of his own design into competition in Athens, which he won. This was his undoing, when upon learning of his victory he drank himself to death in celebration. He was succeeded to the throne of Syracuse by his son, Dionysius the Younger.

* Garrison: 2.

* Function: Defender.

* Special:

- "Hero" Aura (All units gain a small ~10% attack bonus against Carthaginian units.)

- "Hero" Aura (Walls and Fortresses, but not Outposts, gain +25% Health during his lifespan.)

* Generic Name: Archimedes.

* Specific Name: Archimedes.

* Class: Hero2.

* Hacker Armament: None.

* Ranged Armament: None.

* Appearance:

- Body: Long flowing toga. No armour of any kind.

- Helmet: A shiny, balding head.

- Shield: No shield.

- Figure(s): None yet.

* History: Archimedes was the famous 3rd century engineer and mathematician that created ingenious machines in order to defend Syracuse from Roman attack, specifically the Archimedes Claw. He is also known for the Archimedes Screw, which added great efficiency to farm irrigation by moving water easily from one level to another, and for numerous treatises on mathematics and engineering. He was killed in 212 BC at the age of 75 by a Roman soldier after the fall of Syracuse to Marcus Marcellus. It is said that Archimedes was too entranced in his work to follow the orders of the soldier, who then became enraged and killed him.

* Garrison: 1.

* Function: Science and Engineering.

* Special:

- "Hero" Aura (While within his Vision range, buildings research technology 50% faster. Technologies are also 25% cheaper during his lifespan.)

NEW UNIT TRAITS

* Phalanx Formation: This Hellenic civilisation does not require a technology to be researched in order to use the Phalanx Formation (unlike in 0 A.D. 1.0 where a technology is required). The Greek Hoplite, Ekdromos, Spartiate, Sacred Band, and Iphikratean Hoplite units automatically receive the ability to use this formation.

* Oblique Order Formation: A Special Technology for the Boeotian League sub-faction, the Oblique Order is a phalanx formation that is twice as deep as a normal Phalanx and packs twice as much punch when used in a charge attack. However, armour for units within the formation is reduced to 0 from the rear.

* Sphagia: <means:pre-battle sacrifice> The Healer Unit ("Hiereus") may kill or slaughter a domesticated animal (cow, auroch, sheep, goat) within LOS of military units, giving those units a small (+10%) attack boost for a short amount of time (~20 sec). This is not upgradeable.

CIV CENTRE UNITS

* Melee Infantry: Greek Hoplite (Infantry Spearman).

* Ranged Infantry: Thracian Peltast (Infantry Javelinist).

* Cavalry: Greek Cavalry (Cavalry Swordsman).

FORBIDDEN UNIT CLASSES

* Infantry Archer

* Cavalry Spearman

* Cavalry Archer

* Quinquereme

* Ram

STRUCTURE DESCRIPTIONS

==VILLAGE==

* Generic Name: House.

* Specific Name: Oikos.

* Class: House.

* History: Hellenic houses from the Classical Age were generally humble yet stylish. During the Hellenistic Age, however, luxurious palaces and estates became commonplace in the rich Hellenistic metropolises like Antioch, Alexandria and Seleucia.

* Generic Name: Granary

* Specific Name: Sitobolion.

* Class: Farmstead.

* History: Grain wasn't plentiful in Hellas, which is why it was carefully stored in granaries, some of it being reserved for times of siege.

* Generic Name: Field.

* Specific Name: Agros.

* Class: Field.

* History: Even though Greece is a rugged country, farming was still one of the most common sources of food. Farms were built in small villages and outside city walls.

* Generic Name: Animal Pen.

* Specific Name: Stavlos.

* Class: Corral.

* History: Here is where the player may fatten his herd and milk his cows.

* Generic Name: Olive Orchard.

* Specific Name: . <means: olive orchard>

* Class: Orchard.

* History: The ancient Hellenic peoples had a varied diet, which included many kinds of fruits. These included: Apples, Bergamot oranges, Carobs, Figs, Grapes, Jujubes, Olives (yes, olives are a fruit), Pears, Plums, Pomegranates (made famous in myth), and Quinces.

* Specific Name: Warehouse.

* Specific Name: Anakeion.

* Class: Mill.

* History: Resources and building materials were kept in warehouses.

* Generic Name: Outpost.

* Specific Name: Pyrgion.

* Class: Scout Tower.

* History: Garrison a unit in this outpost and gain a large line of sight bonus.

* Generic Name: Stone Wall.

* Specific Name: Lithoteichos.

* Class: Wall.

* History: All Hellenic cities were surrounded by stone walls for protection against enemy raids. Some of these fortifications, like the Athenian Long Walls, for example, were massive structures.

* Generic Name: Wall Tower.

* Specific Name: Pyrgos.

* Class: Wall Tower.

* History: Towers were an important part of city fortifications. The defending troops shot arrows at the enemy and poured boiling oil over the assailants.

* Specific Name: Wall Gate.

* Specific Name: Lithopule.

* Class: Wall Gate.

* History: Gates were the portals into and out of a city. It was often a target for besiegers.

==TOWN==

* Generic Name: Civic Centre.

* Specific Name: Agora.

* Class: Civ Centre.

* History: The center of a Hellenic city is the "Agora," where merchants, shoppers, politicians, philosophers, and prostitutes mingled. This is the civic as well as commercial center of the city.

* Generic Name: Dock.

* Specific Name: Limenos.

* Class: Port Centre.

* History: Greece is a sea country, which is why some of the greatest Hellenic and Hellenistic cities like Ephesos, Korinth, Alexandria and Antioch were built by the sea. It should also be noted that all colonies during the Great Colonisation were thriving port centres, which traded with the local population.

* Generic Name: Temple.

* Specific Name: Anaktoron.

* Class: Health Centre.

* History: The Hellenes built marvelous temples in order to honour their polytheistic pantheon. While all gods were venerated, a specific patron deity was supposed to watch over each polis.

* Generic Name: Barracks.

* Specific Name: Strategeion.

* Class: Military Centre.

* History: The Strategion houses and trains the soldiers of Hellas. It was the main military headquarters, where important decisions were taken and plans for battles discussed by the Strategoi (generals).

* Generic Name: Market.

* Specific Name: Emporeion.

* Class: Trade Centre.

* History: The center of a Makedonian city is its Emporion. Here is where vendors sell their wares and where commerce and local politics mix.

==CITY==

* Generic Name: Fortress.

* Specific Name: Epiteichisma.

* Class: Fortress.

* History: Build a citadel to construct Siege Weapons and to provide city defense.

SPECIAL STRUCTURES

* Generic Name: Theater.

* Specific Name: Theatron.

* Class: SB1.

* History: Greek theatres were places where the immortal tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles and many other talented dramatists were staged to the delight of the populace. They were instrumental in enriching Hellenic culture.

* Requirements: Has a Build Limit of 1.

* Phase: City.

* Special: Building one increases the territory effects of all buildings +25%.

* Generic Name: Gymnasium.

* Specific Name: Gymnasion.

* Class: SB2.

* History: The gymnasion was a vital place in Greek cities, where physical exercises were performed and social contacts established.

* Requirements: None.

* Phase: City.

* Special: Trains all Hellenic Champion Units (except the Fire Raiser and Syracusan Quinquereme). Researches technologies pertaining to Champion Units.

* Generic Name: Council Chamber.

* Specific Name: Prytaneion.

* Class: SB3.

* History: The Prytaneion was the meeting house of the city fathers and official dining hall of the state. Athens' Prytaneion was in the shape of a round building, or "Tholos," modeled after the monumental captured tent of Xerxes.

* Requirements: None.

* Phase: City.

* Special: Trains all Hellenic Heroes. Researches technologies pertaining to Heroes.

NEW STRUCTURE TRAITS

See special buildings above.

FORBIDDEN STRUCTURES

None.

CIV BONUSES

CB1

Name: Oikoumene.

History: The Hellenes envisioned themselves as comprising the civilised world (oikoumene), surrounded by more or less developed barbarians. Many foreigners also considered them men of higher stature.

Effect: 5%-10% cheaper technologies overall.

CB2

* Name: Phalanx.

* History: The classical phalanx formation was developed about VIII century BC. It was eight men deep and up to eight hundred men wide. The men within overlapped their shields, presenting a formidable "shield wall" brimming with 8 foot spears.

Effect: The player gains the ability to order his spear troops into a Phalanx formation, providing +30% attack and +30% armor if attacked from the front.

TEAM BONUS

TB1

* Name: Oracle at Delphi.

* History: The sacred Oracle of Apollo at Delphi was among the most highly cherished sanctuaries by Hellenes and foreigners alike. The Lydian king Croesus, for example, consulted the advice of the god before going to war with Cyrus the Great of Persia.

* Effect: All units and allied units have increased LOS. ~ 10%

TECHNOLOGIES

* Infantry: Lots of armour and attack techs, especially for Spearmen.

* Cavalry: Mediocre cavalry.

* Naval: Good navy. Above average number of techs.

* Siege: Average.

* Economy:

- Farming: Mediocre.

- Mining: Good.

- Lumbering: Average.

- Hunting: Weak.

- Land Trade: Weak (until the City Phase, then average).

- Naval Trade: Good. Many techs.

* Architecture:

- Overall: Above average.

- Defenses: Above Average.

SPECIAL TECHNOLOGIES

==DELIAN LEAGUE SPECIAL TECHNOLOGIES==

ST1

* Name: Long Walls.

* History: The Long Walls of Athens were constructed under the auspices of the wily Themistokles and extended 13 km from the city to their port of Piraeus. This secured the city's sea supply routes and prevented an enemy from starving out the city during a siege.

* Effect: Stone Walls are unbound by the Civic Centre radius. They may now be built throughout the player's territory.

ST2

* Name: Delian League.

* History: n/a

* Effect: Delian Marines can be trained from Triremes.

==PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE SPECIAL TECHNOLOGIES==

ST1

* Name: Tirtean Paeans.

* History: Paeans were battle hymns that were sung by the hoplites when they charged the enemy lines. One of the first known Paeans were composed by Tirteus, a warrior poet of Sparta, during the First Messenian War.

* Effect: Spartan Hoplite Champion unit +20% movement speed. Skiritai Champion Unit +10% movement speed.

ST2

* Name: The Wisdom of Lykurgos.

* History: The legendary lawgiver of Sparta, Lykurgos, established the military-oriented reformation of Spartan society in accordance with the Oracle of Apollo at Delphi. All his reforms were directed towards the three Spartan virtues: equality (among citizens), military fitness, and austerity. His reforms organized Spartan society into a military powerhouse.

* Effect: All units +10% hitpoints.

==BOEOTIAN LEAGUE SPECIAL TECHNOLOGIES==

ST1

* Name: Oblique Order Phalanx.

* History: The Thebans developed a deeper, more powerful phalanx called the Oblique Order. One flank of the Theban phalanx could be up to 50 men deep and would be used to smash the flank of the opposing phalanx, causing the rest of the enemy soldiers to break and flee. This was the forerunner of the Makedonian "Syntagma" formation.

* Effect: Theban Hoplitai, Ekdromoi, and Hieros Lochoi can form the Oblique Order phalanx, which is twice as deep as a normal phalanx and doubles the charge bonus of the soldiers within.

ST2

* Name: Federalism.

* History: Thebes was the nominal leader of the Boeotian League, but in practice all cities and towns in the league were represented equally. This is one of the earliest known examples of a lasting political federation. The destruction of Thebes by Alexander the Great struck a damaging blow to the League, but it continued to survive until finally being absorbed by the Romans in 146 BC.

* Effect: Civic Centres -50% cost and construct twice as fast.

==SICILIAN LEAGUE SPECIAL TECHNOLOGIES==

ST1

* Name: Gamoroi.

* History: The rich descendants of the first colonists of Syracuse were called Gamoroi. They were merchants and other well-off citizens of the city that controlled the government of the city for a time.

* Effect: The Greek Quinquereme Champion Unit can now also be used as a very profitable Merchant Ship.

ST2

* Name: Archimedes Screw.

* History: Syracuse in Sicily was the home of the great mathematician and inventor Archimedes. On of his inventions was purportedly the 'Archimedes Screw' which can be used to transfer water efficiently from one level to another, flooding irrigation canals and increasing farming yields over a wider area.

* Effect: Farms seed twice as fast and are a third more profitable. This bonus is extended to allies as well.

==MISCELLANEOUS==

[Mythos_Ruler]

This is just a revamped Greek profile I cam up with a couple years ago as an idea to add the Macedonians as their own faction sometime after Part 1 goes Gold. It's unfinished--you can see the heroes and Super Units need proper descriptions.

[Pureon]

Who knew that the Stone Thrower’s horn had complex mathematical formula governing it’s size! Very interesting historical info Mythos, thanks for sharing!

[AuroN2]

tl/dr, but certainly looks good, and Syracusans eh? Most interesting. They should get their famed walls buildable as a bonus or something (dunno)

[Thorfinn the Shallow Minded]

The ideas are excellent, but I think that from the unit list of Sicily on it seems to get kind of tacky with the choice of weapons and armaments.

[Mythos_Ruler]

The ideas are excellent, but I think that from the unit list of Sicily on it seems to get kind of tacky with the choice of weapons and armaments.

Oh, it's not done yet. The heroes still need done up.

[Thorfinn the Shallow Minded]

Okay, thank you. Just wondering, do you have any suggestions for sources for research on Sciritae?

[Mythos_Ruler]

Okay, thank you. Just wondering, do you have any suggestions for sources for research on Sciritae?

This may fancy your interest:

http://www.press.umich.edu/pdf/0472110640.pdf

I have also updated a lot of stuff in the faction profile. Not done yet though. Probably 99% done. Sicilian League heroes need Histories and Specials.

EDIT: Hero Histories and Specials all done.

[Thorfinn the Shallow Minded]

Thank you. I am just wondering though, but with this, why are Cretan Archers replaced with Militia?

[Mythos_Ruler]

Thank you. I am just wondering though, but with this, why are Cretan Archers replaced with Militia?

Wanted to give the Cretan Archers to the Macedonians, since they are well known to have gone with Alexander on his anabasis, and to have fought on both sides of many of the Successor conflicts as mercenaries. However, it's not totally out of the realm of possibility to give Cretan Archers to both Macedonia and Greece.

[Mythos_Ruler]

Made some final updates.

[SMST]

And still, the proper Greek adjective for "Greek" remains "Hellenikos", not "Hellenikoi", if you are referring to one person/thing.

[Mythos_Ruler]

Yup, ur right.I was in a plural mindset for some reason.

[Mythos_Ruler]

[infyquest]

wow nice, can we have this as new start up screen.

Iwould love to see looping start up screens

[Mythos_Ruler]

Spartans pwn the Immortals. Note that the Spartan shields are inaccurate for the period. Everything else, including the Immortals' armour, looks great.

[feneur]

wow nice, can we have this as new start up screen.

Iwould love to see looping start up screens

We do intend to include more than one startup screen. We cannot use images like this without permission though, for copyright reasons. The best is to have new images custom made as that avoids the risk of legal trouble afterwards

[Thorfinn the Shallow Minded]

Oh, by the way, speaking of main menus, it might be nice if the face for the Spartan to the farthest to the left to be a bit less yellow. At the present moment he appears quite ill.

Edited October 16, 2011 by Thorfinn the Shallow Minded