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About warfare. Though the vision created by Arthur Evans of a Pax Minoica, a "Minoan peace", has been criticised in recent years,[48] it is generally assumed there was little internal armed conflict in Minoan Crete itself, until the following Mycenaean period.[49] As with much of Minoan Crete, however, it is hard to draw any obvious conclusions from the evidence. New excavations sustain scholarly interest and document the culture's influence around the Aegean.[50] Despite having found ruined watchtowers and fortification walls,[51] Evans argued that there was little evidence for ancient Minoan fortifications. But as S. Alexiou has pointed out (in Kretologia 8), a number of sites, especially Early and Middle Minoan sites such as Aghia Photia, are built on hilltops or are otherwise fortified. As Lucia Nixon said, "...we may have been over-influenced by the lack of what we might think of as solid fortifications to assess the archaeological evidence properly. As in so many other instances, we may not have been looking for evidence in the right places, and therefore we may not end with a correct assessment of the Minoans and their ability to avoid war."[52] Chester Starr points out in "Minoan Flower Lovers" (Hagg-Marinatos eds. Minoan Thalassocracy) that Shang China and the Maya both had unfortified centers and yet engaged in frontier struggles, so the lack of fortifications alone cannot be enough to conclude that the Minoans were a peaceful civilization unparalleled in history. In 1998, however, when Minoan archaeologists met in a conference in Belgium to discuss the possibility that the idea of Pax Minoica was outdated, the evidence for Minoan war still proved to be scanty. Archaeologist Jan Driessen, for example, said the Minoans frequently show 'weapons' in their art, but only in ritual contexts. He said, "The construction of fortified sites is often assumed to reflect a threat of warfare, but such fortified centres were multifunctional; they were also often the embodiment or material expression of the central places of the territories at the same time as being monuments glorifying and merging leading power" (Driessen 1999, p. 16). On the other hand, Stella Chryssoulaki's work on the small outposts or 'guard-houses' in the east of the island represent possible elements of a defensive system. Claims that they produced no weapons are erroneous; type A Minoan swords (as found in palaces of Mallia and Zarkos) were the finest in all of the Aegean (See Sanders, AJA 65, 67, Hoeckmann, JRGZM 27, or Rehak and Younger, AJA 102). Keith Branigan claimed that 95% of so-called Minoan weapons possessed hafting (hilts, handles) that would have prevented their use as weapons (Branigan, 1999). But, recent experimental testing of accurate replicas has shown this to be incorrect; these weapons were capable of cutting flesh down to the bone (and scoring the bone's surface) without any damage to the weapons themselves.[53] Archaeologist Paul Rehak maintains that Minoan figure-eight shields could not have been used for fighting or hunting, since they were too cumbersome (Rehak, 1999). And archaeologist Jan Driessen says the Minoans frequently show 'weapons' in their art, but only in ritual contexts (Driessen 1999). Finally, archaeologist Cheryl Floyd concludes that Minoan "weapons" were tools used for mundane tasks such as meat-processing (Floyd, 1999). But, this theory is questionable given the evidence of "rapiers nearly three feet in length"[54] dated to the Middle Minoan period. About Minoan warfare, Branigan concludes that "The quantity of weaponry, the impressive fortifications, and the aggressive looking long-boats all suggested an era of intensified hostilities. But on closer inspection there are grounds for thinking that all three key elements are bound up as much with status statements, display, and fashion as with aggression.... Warfare such as there was in the southern Aegean EBA early Bronze Age was either personalized and perhaps ritualized (in Crete) or small-scale, intermittent and essentially an economic activity (in the Cyclades and the Argolid/Attica) " (1999, p. 92). Archaeologist Krzyszkowska concurs: "The stark fact is that for the prehistoric Aegean we have no direct evidence for war and warfare per se" (Krzyszkowska, 1999). No evidence has been found of a Minoan army, or for Minoan domination of peoples outside Crete. Few signs of warfare appear in Minoan art. "Although a few archaeologists see war scenes in a few pieces of Minoan art, others interpret even these scenes as festivals, sacred dance, or sports events" (Studebaker, 2004, p. 27). Although armed warriors are depicted being stabbed in the throat with swords, violence may occur in the context of ritual or blood sport. On the Mainland of Greece at the time of the Shaft Graves at Mycenae, there is little evidence for major fortifications among the Mycenaeans there. (The famous citadels post-date the destruction of almost all Neopalatial Cretan sites.) The constant warmongering of other contemporaries of the ancient Minoans – the Egyptians and Hittites, for example – is well documented.

About trade and society Fresco showing three women who were possibly queens.[citation needed] The Minoans were primarily a mercantile people engaged in overseas trade. Their culture, from 1700 BC onward, shows a high degree of organization. The Minoan trade in saffron, the stigma of a mutated crocus which originated in the Aegean basin as a natural chromosome mutation, has left fewer material remains: a fresco of saffron-gatherers at Santorini is well-known. This inherited trade pre-dated Minoan civilization: a sense of its rewards may be gained by comparing its value to frankincense, or later, to pepper. Archaeologists[who?] tend to emphasize the more durable items of trade: ceramics, copper, and tin, and dramatic luxury finds of gold and silver. Objects of Minoan manufacture suggest there was a network of trade with mainland Greece (notably Mycenae), Cyprus, Syria, Anatolia, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and westward as far as the coast of Spain. Minoan men wore loincloths and kilts. Women wore robes that had short sleeves and layered flounced skirts. The robes were open to the navel, allowing their breasts to be left exposed.[37] Women also had the option of wearing a strapless fitted bodice. The patterns on clothes emphasized symmetrical geometric designs. Given the fragility of organic materials, other forms of dress may have been worn of which no archeological evidence exists. ---here we can see egyptian influence in Minoan culture--- The Minoan religion focused on female deities, with females officiating.[38] The frescos include many depictions of people, with the genders distinguished by colour: the men's skin is reddish-brown, the women's white.[39] The earliest dated writing found on Crete is the Cretan hieroglyphs. It is not known whether this language is Minoan or not and its origin is still a topic of debate. These hieroglyphs are often associated with the Egyptians, but they also show relation to several other writings from the region of Mesopotamia.[41] The hieroglyphs came into use from MMI; they were used at the same time as the emerging Linear A from the 18th century BC (MM II). The hieroglyphs disappeared at some point during the 17th century BC (MM III). Evidence of human sacrifice by the Minoans has been found at three sites: (1) Anemospilia, in a MMII building near Mt. Juktas, interpreted as a temple, (2) an EMII sanctuary complex at Fournou Korifi in south central Crete, and (3) Knossos, in an LMIB building known as the "North House." (explanation of abbreviations) Similar to archaeological finds of the Bronze Age, burial remains constitute much of the material and archaeological evidence for the period. By the end of the Second Palace Period, Minoan burial practice was dominated by two broad forms: 'Circular Tombs', or Tholoi, (located in South Crete) and 'House Tombs', (located in the north and the east). Many trends and patterns within Minoan mortuary practice do not conform to this simple breakdown. Overall, inhumation was the most popular form of burial; cremation does not seem to have been as popular.[47] Throughout this period the trend was towards individual burials, with some distinguished exceptions. These include the much-debated Chrysolakkos complex, Mallia, consisting of a number of buildings forming a complex. This is located in the centre of Mallia's burial area and may have been the focus for burial rituals, or the 'crypt' for a notable family.

Intro The Minoan civilization was an Aegean Bronze Age civilization that arose on the island of Crete and flourished from approximately 2700 to 1450 BC. It was rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century through the work of British archaeologist Arthur Evans. Will Durant referred to it as "the first link in the European chain." -wikipedia The influence of the Minoan civilization outside Crete has been seen in the evidence of valuable Minoan handicraft items on the Greek mainland. It is likely that the ruling house of Mycene was connected to the Minoan trade network. After around 1700 BC, the material culture on the Greek mainland achieved a new level due to Minoan influence.[19] Connections between Egypt and Crete are prominent. Minoan ceramics are found in Egyptian cities and the Minoans imported several items from Egypt, especially papyrus, as well as architectural and artistic ideas. The Egyptian hieroglyphs served as a model for the Minoan pictographic writing, from which the famous Linear A and Linear B writing systems later developed.[17] Bengtson has also demonstrated Minoan influence among Canaanite artifacts. Minoans were traders, and their cultural contacts reached far beyond the island of Crete to Egypt's Old Kingdom, to copper-bearing Cyprus, Canaan, and the Levantine coasts beyond, and to Anatolia. In late 2009, Minoan-style frescoes and other Minoan-style artifacts were discovered during excavations of the Canaanite palace at Tel Kabri, Israel, leading archaeologists to conclude that the Minoan influence was the strongest foreign influence on that Caananite city state. These are the only Minoan remains ever found in Israel.[30] The Cyclades were in the Minoan cultural orbit, and, closer to Crete, the islands of Karpathos, Saria and Kasos, also contained Minoan colonies, or settlements of Minoan traders, from the Middle Bronze Age (MMI-II). Most of them were abandoned in LMI, but Minoan Karpathos recovered and continued with a Minoan culture until the end of the Bronze Age.[33] Other supposed Minoan colonies, such as that hypothesised by Adolf Furtwängler for Aegina, were later dismissed by scholars.[34] There was a Minoan colony at Ialysos on Rhodes.[35]

This ship is typical of the vessels used during the reign of Pharaoh Sahure over 4400 years ago. Egypt's expanding interests in trade goods such as ebony, incense such as Myrh and frankincense, gold, copper and other useful metals inspired the Egyptians to build suitable ships for navigation of the open sea. The navy of Sahure traded with Lebanon for cedar and traveled the length of the Red Sea to the Kingdom of Punt, modern Ethiopia and Somalia for ebony, ivory and aromatic resins. Ship builders of that era did not use pegs (treenails) or metal fasteners, but relied on rope to keep their ships assembled. Planks and the superstructure were tightly tied and bound together with rope binders. Joints and cracks in the superstructure were sealed with pitch and bitumen. Historical records show that Pharaoh Sahure the second king of the 5th Dynasty established an Egyptian navy and sent a fleet to Punt and traded with cultures in the Eastern Mediterranean. His pyramid has colonnaded courts and relief sculptures which illustrate his naval fleet and record his military career consisting mostly of campaigns against the Libyans in the western desert. He is credited to have begun the cemetery complex at Saqqara and he also had a diorite quarry just west of Abu Simbel. Model Picture Provided By Hobby World Of Montreal King Sahure's Ship 2458-2446 BCE 5th Dynasty King Sahure purchased cedar timbers and commissioned the ship builders from the area of ancient city Byblos to create his ships; the importance of the Phoenician culture in seafaring technologies and trade throughout the eastern Mediterranean should not be underestimated. Bigger ships of seventy to eighty tons displacement suited to long voyages became quite common (In size they can be compared to Columbus's Santa Maria with a displacement of 100 tons or his smaller ships with about fifty). How and where these types of ships were used other than the expeditions where records are available is a matter for speculation and conjecture. The adventures of seafarers were the subject of Egyptian literature and the story of the shipped wrecked sailor recordered in approxiametely 2200 BCE is but one example that sheds some light on the matter. Front View of Sahure's ships Circa 2500 BCE The next ship is a model constructed from illustrations on wall panels at the funerary complex of Hapshetsut. One thousand years of Egyptian history and the evolution of ship building in Egypt separates the two ships. It is interesting to make a comparison of the results of the shipwrights craft in the two different millennia. Hatshepsut's ships are generally larger and more complex in their superstructure. Most noteworthy is the fact that Sahures ship used larger sections in their planking. Egyptian Seagoing Vessel XVIII Dynasty (1580-1350 B.C.) August F. Crabtree Collection of Miniature Ships Mariners' Museum, Newport News, Virginia A modern model of an Egyptian sea worthy ship created on the basis of information from the funerary temple of Hatshepsut. This model of a 15th century BCE merchant ship was made after the wall relief at Deir el Bahri. The ship was about 22 meters long and 5 meters wide. It didn't have a wooden keel but got its stability from a thick rope fastened under tension at either extremity of the ship. There were fifteen rowing oars on either side, two connected oars used as rudder, a single mast and a 15-meter wide horizontal sail. The stern was decorated with a carved lotus flower. A major expedition to the Land of Punt (probably modern day Somalia) down the Red Sea and into the Indian Ocean was undertaken under Queen Hatshepsut. Another story of seafaring trade is the journey of Wenamen in 1100 BCE, a trading expedition gone wrong in Egypt. This story illustrates the extent to which cultures bordering the seacoasts relied on ships and boats for their transportation and trade. Seafaring was the cheapest and fastest means of transportation, which meant the majority of trade was conducted by shipping by boat. In the Eastern Mediterranean cultures generally established cities and towns close to coastlines in order to take advantage of this phenomenon. Rameses III recorded his conflict and defeat of the sea peoples at Medinet Habu. This model of a 13th century warship was made after wall paintings at Medinet Habu depicting the victory of Ramses III over the Sea Peoples. The high bulwarks protected sailors and soldiers from enemy missiles. Egyptian Ship used during the conflict with the Sea Peoples 1250 BCE Eighteen oars gave it the maneuverability, which was a decisive factor in the Egyptian victory. Like all Egyptian ships of this period, it was not laid on a keel, but got its structural strength from a gangway-connecting stern to bow. It had a single mast with gangway connecting stern to bow. The single mast was hung with a horizontal sail. The stern was decorated with a lion's head crushing a human skull. This model of a Philistine man of war was equally constructed according to the Medinet Habu paintings. This is the kind of vessel the Sea Peoples would have used in their attempt to invade Egypt in 1280 BCE. This implies that this kind of ship may have been used and available to the entire confederation of Sea Peoples, therefore this kind of vessel structure may have been used throughout the Aegean and Black Sea Regions. Its lack of rowing oars may have been a distinct disadvantage in the confined space of the Nile delta where they must have been incapable of using their ram against the more maneuverable Egyptian vessels. This also indicates that this design was not created primarily for military use. The sea people depended heavily on land forces for the success of their military campaigns. Although not as effective in its design for Naval battles this ships overall structural design was superior to that of the Egyptian ships, having a proper keel and body ribs to make the hull ridged. Modern model of a ship of the sea peoples created after the illustrations on wall panels at Mendinet Habu. Circa 1250 BCE . The model is at the Haifa Naval Museum, Israel.

For now, I am putting basically complete PDF civ profiles here, as well as work-in-progress files, until I've figured out where to upload them to on GitHub. Aristeia will tentatively be divided into three 500-year spans, as follows (the listings, inclusions, and classifications are still very much a WIP): FATHERS OF NATIONS (2000-1500 BC) THE OLD KINGDOM EGYPTIANS THE NUBIANS THE AKKADIANS THE SUMERIANS THE HEBREWS THE MAGADHAN INDIANS THE SHANG CHINESE TUMULT OF NATIONS (1500-1000 BC) THE AMU HYKSOS THE THEBAN EGYPTIANS THE MINOAN CRETANS THE HEBREW ISRAELITES THE PHILISTINE SEA PEOPLES THE SIDONIAN CANAANITES THE ANATOLIAN HITTITES THE ZHOU CHINESE ZENITH OF NATIONS (1000-500 BC) MAJOR REGIONAL POWERS THE NEW KINGDOM EGYPTIANS New Kingdom Egypt Civilization Profile.pdf New Kingdom Egypt Civilization Profile.doc THE KUSHITE NUBIANS Kushite Nubian Civilization Profile.doc (work in progress) THE ANATOLIAN HITTITES Hittite Civilization Profile.doc (work in progress) THE NEW EMPIRE ASSYRIANS Neo-Assyrian Civilization Profile 0.4.pdf Neo-Assyrian Civilization Profile 0.4.doc THE CHALDEAN BABYLONIANS LEVANTINE STATES THE PHOENICIAN CANAANITES THE UNITED MONARCHY ISRAELITES United Monarchy Israel Civilization Profile 0.3.pdf United Monarchy Israel Civilization Profile 0.3.doc THE DIVIDED KINGDOM JUDAHITES THE DIVIDED KINGDOM EPHRAIMITES THE ARAM-DAMASCUS SYRIANS AEGEAN & MEDITERRANEAN CIVILIZATIONS THE PHILISTINE SEA PEOPLES THE TARTESSIAN IBERIANS THE TROJAN LYDIANS THE MYCENAEAN GREEKS THE TYRRHENIAN ETRUSCANS

Hey y'all. Still learning the ins and outs of the scenario editor. The idea here is competition for resources, which are clustered equally distant from all factions. Greek on greek action somewhere in the Aegean ( wait a minute, that sounds like a low budget porn flick... ) Hellenic_chaos.pmp.zip

Mint is more difficult to find, as single word, I add keywords like: currency, coin,coinage: Coinage probably began in Lydia around 600 BC, and circulated in the cities of Asia Minor under its control;[3] early electrum coins have been found at the Temple of Diana at Ephesus. The technique of minting coins arrived in mainland Greece around 550 BC, beginning with coastal trading cities like Aegina and Athens. Their use spread, and the city-states quickly secured a monopoly on their creation. The very first coins were made from electrum (an alloy of gold and silver), followed by pure silver, the most commonly found valuable metal in the region. The mines of the Pangaeon hills allowed the cities of Thrace and Macedon to mint a large quantity of coins. Laurium's silver mines provided the raw materials for the "Athenian owls", the most famous coins of the ancient Greek world. Less-valuable bronze coins appeared at the end of the 5th century. Coins played several roles in the Greek world. They provided a medium of exchange, mostly used by city-states to hire mercenaries and compensate citizens. They were a source of revenue: foreigners had to change their money into the local currency at an exchange rate favorable to the State. They served as a mobile form of metal resources, which explains discoveries of Athenian coins with high levels of silver at great distances from their home city. Finally, the minting of coins lent an air of undeniable prestige to any Greek city or city state. ------------other source-------- In 600 B.C., Lydia's King Alyattes minted the first official currency. The coins were made from electrum, a mixture of silver and gold that occurs naturally, and stamped with pictures that acted as denominations. In the streets of Sardis, circa 600 B.C., a clay jar might cost you two owls and a snake. Lydia's currency helped the country increase both its internal and external trade, making it one of the richest empires in Asia Minor. It is interesting that when someone says, "as rich as Croesus", they are referring to the last Lydian king who minted the first gold coin. Unfortunately, minting the first coins and developing a strong trading economy couldn't protect Lydia from the swords of the Persian army. (To read more about gold, see What Is Wrong With Gold?) http://www.investopedia.com/articles/07/roots_of_money.asp ------- different source------ Coins were introduced as a method of payment around the 6th or 5th century BCE. The invention of coins is still shrouded in mystery: According to Herdotous (I, 94), coins were first minted by the Lydians, while Aristotle claims that the first coins were minted by Demodike of Kyrme, the wife of King Midas of Phrygia. Numismatists consider that the first coins were minted on the Greek island of Aegina, either by the local rulers or by king Pheidon of Argos. Aegina, Samos, and Miletus all minted coins for the Egyptians, through the Greek trading post of Naucratis in the Nile Delta. It is certain that when Lydia was conquered by the Persians in 546 BCE, coins were introduced to Persia. The Phoenicians did not mint any coins until the middle of the fifth century BCE, which quickly spread to the Carthaginians who minted coins in Sicily. The Romans only started minting coins from 326 BCE. Coins were brought to India through the Achaemenid Empire, as well as the successor kingdoms of Alexander the Great. Especially the Indo-Greek kingdoms minted (often bilingual) coins in the 2nd century BCE. The most beautiful coins of the classical age are said to have been minted by Samudragupta (335-376 CE), who portrayed himself as both conqueror and musician. The first coins were made of electrum, an alloy of silver and gold. It appears that many early Lydian coins were minted by merchants as tokens to be used in trade transactions. The Lydian state also minted coins, most of the coins mentioning king Alyattes of Lydia. Some Lydian coins have a so-called legend, a sort of dedication. One famous example found in Caria reads "I am the badge of Phanes" - it is still unclear who Phanes was. In China, gold coins were first standardized during the Qin dynasty (221-207 BCE). After the fall of the Qin dynasty, the Han emperors added two other legal tenders: silver coins and "deerskin notes", a predecessor of paper currency which was a Chinese invention. http://www.ancient.eu.com/coinage/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gold and silver were an integral part of business and trade as far back as in the early civilisations of Sumer (the land between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris in what is now Iraq) and Egypt. The great French historian Fernand Braudel saw these precious metals as the "lifeblood of Mediterranean trade in the 2nd millennium BC". Initially, however, they were traded simply by weight in the form of ingots, which could then be cut up into small chunks or drawn into wire. And the metals, particularly silver, were regarded more as standard of accounting or for taxes to rulers or temples, rather than for general circulation among the population. The first real coins were not struck until the 6th century BC in Lydia (Western Turkey). They were made from electrum, natural alloy of gold and silver found in the rivers of the region. They usually had a lion or a bull on one face and a punch mark or seal on the other, and weighed from 17.2 grams (0.55 troy oz) to as little as 0.2 grams (.006 troy oz). Their introduction is attributed to the Lydian king Croesus (561-547 BC). Improvements in refining soon led to the distinct minting of gold and silver coin. Coinage was swiftly taken up in the blossoming Greek city states just across the Aegean sea, though it was predominantly of silver until Philip II of Macedon (359-336 BC) acquired gold and silver mines in Thrace (now Bulgaria). His son, Alexander the Great (336-323 BC) then consolidated the Greek empire with his conquest of the Persian empire, securing an immense gold treasure built up by the Persians from gold sources on the river Oxus in northern Afghanistan. Alexander is reputed to have taken over 22 metric tonnes (700,000 troy ounces) of gold coin in loot from the Persians. For both Philip II and Alexander, gold coin became an essential way of paying their armies and meeting other military expenses. Under the Greek empire, the coins were stamped with the head of the king instead of lions, bulls and rams that had previously adorned gold coin elsewhere. The Romans, for whom gold coin became the crucial way of paying their legions, also adopted the custom of striking the emperor's head on their gold aureus coin. The aureus was usually 950 fine (22 carat) and weighed 7.3 grams (0.23 troy oz); 45 aurei weighed one roman pound (libra). Although this coin was too valuable for most daily transactions, they were used by administrators, traders and for army pay (a legionnaire was paid one aureus each month). In Britain, one aureus bought 400 litres (28.57 gallons) of cheap wine or 91 kilos (200 pounds) of flour. A smaller gold coin, the solidus, weighing 4.4 grams (0.14 troy oz) was introduced after 300 AD, as gold supplies from Spain and Eastern Europe declined. The Romans minted gold coin on a scale not seen before and not equalled until modern times. Between 200 and 400 AD hundreds of millions of coins were struck and distributed throughout the empire. The extent of circulation is demonstrated by the hoards of roman coins that have turned up across Europe, particularly in Britain, which can be seen in many museums, notably the British Museum in London. The British Museum's HSBC Money Gallery provides a unique display of the evolution of early gold coin. The Roman empire brought a remarkable unity to much of western Europe through coherent public institutions and coinage. When that empire fell apart soon after 400 AD, it was almost one thousand years before widespread gold coinage returned. The solidus survived as the main gold coin of the Mediterranean world, being minted by the Byzantine emperors in Constantinople as the nomisma or bezant. The bezant personified gold coinage from the fall of the Roman empire until the rise of Venice with its famous gold and silver ducats. "It is admired by all men and in all kingdoms, because no kingdom has a currency that can be compared to it," noted a 6th century observer. But due to a shortage of new gold supplies, minting was very limited and the coins were increasingly debased. By 1081 the gold content was only 250 fine (six carats). The Emperor Comenus restored some credibility in 1092 with a new coin of 4.4 grams (0.14 troy oz) called the hyperpyron, which many still nicknamed bezant and the Venetians called perpero. The coin never attained much prestige, however, as gold supplies were still limited. http://info.goldavenue.com/info_site/in_glos/in_glos_coinshistory.htm

By "all we know about Dorians is them being a part of ancient Greeks" I mean we only have documented accounts of them as migriting and mostly living in the Aegean/Greek region. This does not include all of their background of course, which we don't know currently and might never learn. But what you claim makes no perfect sense, maybe no sense at all, especially the way you support it. Other people moved from the north to Greece as well. Other people moved elsewhere from other regions. See, if I say that Huns, Celts, Turks, Parthians, Mongols, Assyrians, Babylonians and Persians are subgroups of the Ionians or Slavs or Goths, it makes exactly the same amount of sense as saying all those people were subgroups of Dorians.

This was from the textbook It states that the Dorians in 1000-1100 BC from north-west of Greece invaded and conquered in quote "the sophisticated Myceneans" and settled in an arc stretching from the Peloponnese through the Southern aegean islands to mainland Anatolia (Turky) _____________ The paragraphs below that I included based on my views

Yeah according to a text book I have here which is in actual fact a type of atlas. It states that the Dorians in 1000-1100 BC from north-west of Greece invaded and conquered in quote "the sophisticated Myceneans" and settled in an arc stretching from the Peloponnese through the Southern aegean islands to mainland Anatolia (Turky) Now technically the Myceneans weren't technically Greek in the sense we know it, or before Greece was even born into a nation identified as Helenes. And one can only imagine that note it said "sophisticated" which all this was was the first barbaric incursions reminiscent of the early Goth and Hunic invasions. Like a type of cycle that repeats every 1000 years or so. The Huns and the like were the later descendants of the Dorians. This also explains the Mysterious appearance of the Turkish horse archers that overran the Byzantine Empire in Anatolia. Horse archery was the art of the Mongols and the Huns and I bet the Turkish horse archers were Huns. Here's the thing, after Atilla's war what happened to the Huns? They had to of gone somewhere and because they didn't have a country, colony or city you can know exactly or pin point a place of origin. Parthia were exceptional horse archers but these people too were composition of assyrians/babylonians/persian and definitely the Dorian Hunic variants But talking about the expanse and movement of peoples in a by-gone-era are just tautologies and its like talking about race and the Aryans and soon this crosses the line of controversy and certainly becomes folklore.

Sorry. He he, i was posted this before over sleep.Perdiccas :Alexander the Great died without a successor in Babylon on June 10, 323 BC. His general Perdiccas became the regent of all of Alexander's empire, while Alexander's physically and mentally disabled half-brother Arrhidaeus was chosen as the next king under the name Philip III of Macedon. Alexander's unborn child (Alexander IV) was also named his father's successor. In the "Partition of Babylon" however, Perdiccas effectively divided the enormous Macedonian dominion among Alexander's generals. Seleucus was chosen to command the Companion cavalry (hetaroi) and appointed first or court chiliarch, which made him the senior officer in the Royal Army after the regent and commander-in-chief Perdiccas. Several other powerful men supported Perdiccas, including Ptolemy, Lysimachus, Peithon and Eumenes. Perdiccas' power depended on his ability to hold Alexander's enormous empire together, and on whether he could force the satraps to obey him. Philopator: for the name of 2 Succesors kings. "He who loves his father" Seleucus IV Philopator (Greek: Σέλευκος Δ' Φιλοπάτωρ) (c. 218 175 BC),[2] ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, reigned from 187 BC to 175 BC over a realm consisting of Syria (now including Cilicia and Judea), Mesopotamia, Babylonia and Nearer Iran (Media and Persia). He was the second son and successor of Antiochus III the Great and Laodice III. The wife of Seleucus IV was his sister Laodice IV, by whom he had three children: two sons Antiochus, Demetrius I Soter and a daughter Laodice V. And Ptolemy IV Philopator Ptolemy IV Philopator (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Philopátōr, reigned 221205 BCE), son of Ptolemy III and Berenice II of Egypt, was the fourth Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt. Under the reign of Ptolemy IV, the decline of the Ptolemaic kingdom began. Philometor was a name of 2 Successor kings one Ptolemaic and his counterpart Seleucid. Ptolemy VI Philometor (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Φιλομήτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Philomḗtōr, ca. 186145 BC) was a king of Egypt from the Ptolemaic period. He reigned from 180 to 145 BC. Philometor."He who loves his Mother" Ptolemy VI succeeded in 180 BC at the age of about 6 and ruled jointly with his mother, Cleopatra I, until her death in 176 BC, which is what 'Philometor', his epithet, implies; "he who loves his mother", φίλος (beloved,friend) + μήτηρ (mother). The following year he married his sister, Cleopatra II, as it was customary for Pharaohs, for the Ptolemaic Greek kings had adopted many customs of the Pharaohs.[2] He had at least four children with her: Ptolemy Eupator, Ptolemy Neos, Cleopatra Thea and Cleopatra III, and possibly Berenice. Philip II Philorhomaeus ("Friend of the Romans") or Barypous ("heavy-foot"), a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom, was the son of the Seleucid king Philip I Philadelphus. Philip II himself briefly reigned parts of Syria in the 60s BC, as a client king under Pompey. He competed with his second cousin Antiochus XIII Asiaticus for the favours of the great Roman general, but Pompey would have none of them and had Antiochus murdered. No coins of Philip II are known, which is unusual for Seleucid rulers (the ephemeral Seleucus V Philometor is the only other king for which this is the case). This may indicate that Philip did not rule in any of the mint cities. Philip may have survived his deposition: a Seleucid prince Philip is mentioned as a prospective bridegroom to queen Berenice IV of Egypt, sister of Cleopatra VII in 56 BC. The union was however checked by the Roman governor of Syria Aulus Gabinius who probably had Philip II killed. Philip himself was indeed an insignificant pawn, but with him ended eleven generations of Seleucid kings, arguably some of the most influential rulers of the Hellenistic world. Pergamon (Ancient Greek: τὸ Πέργαμον or ἡ Πέργαμος), or Pergamum, was an ancient Greek city in Aeolis, currently located 26 kilometres (16 mi) from the Aegean Sea on a promontory on the north side of the river Caicus (modern day Bakırçay). Today, the main sites of ancient Pergamon are to the north and west of the modern city of Bergama in Turkey. Some ancient authors regarded it as a colony of the Arcadians, but the various origin stories all belong to legend. The Greek historians reconstructed a complete history for it due to confusion with the distant Teuthrania.[1] It became the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon during the Hellenistic period, under the Attalid dynasty, 281133 BC. Pergamon is cited in the Book of Revelation as one of the seven churches of Asia. The Attalids were among the most loyal supporters of Rome in the Hellenistic world. Under Attalus I (241197 BC), they allied with Rome against Philip V of Macedon, during the first and second Macedonian Wars, and again under Eumenes II (197158 BC), against Perseus of Macedon, during the Third Macedonian War. For support against the Seleucids, the Attalids were rewarded with all the former Seleucid domains in Asia Minor. Pontus Pontus (/ˈpɒntəs/; Greek: Πόντος, "sea",[1] Turkish: Pontus) is a historical Greek designation for a region on the southern coast of the Black Sea, located in modern-day northeastern Anatolia, Turkey. The name was applied to the coastal region and its mountainous hinterland (rising to the Pontic Alps in the east) in antiquity by the Greeks who colonized the area, and derived from the Greek name of the Black Sea: Πόντος Εύξεινος Pontos Euxeinos ("Hospitable Sea"[2]), or simply Pontos. Having originally no specific name, the region east of the river Halys was spoken of as the country εν Πόντοι en Pontôi, "on the [Euxeinos] Pontos", and hence acquired the name of Pontus, which is first found in Xenophon's Anabasis. The extent of the region varied through the ages, but generally it extended from the borders of Colchis (modern Georgia) until well into Paphlagonia in the west, with varying amounts of hinterland. Several states and provinces bearing the name of Pontus or variants thereof were established in the region in Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods, culminating in the late Byzantine Empire of Trebizond. Pontus is sometimes considered as the home of the Amazons, with the name Amasia not only used for a city (Amasya) but for all of Pontus in Greek mythology. Prometheus. In Greek mythology, Prometheus (Greek: Προμηθεύς, pronounced [promɛːtʰeús]) is a Titan, culture hero, and trickster figure who is credited with the creation of man from clay, and who defies the gods and gives fire to humanity, an act that enabled progress and civilization. Prometheus is known for his intelligence and as a champion of mankind. Pelusium was an important city in the eastern extremes of Egypt's Nile Delta, 30 km to the southeast of the modern Port Said. Alternative names include Sena and Per-Amun (Egyptian, Coptic: Paramoun meaning House or Temple of Amun), Pelousion (Greek, Πηλούσιον), Sin (Chaldaic and Hebrew), Seyân (Aramaic), and Tell el-Farama (modern Egyptian Arabic). Pelusium was the easternmost major city of Lower Egypt, situated upon the easternmost bank of the Nile, the Ostium Pelusiacum, to which it gave its name. It was the Sin of the Hebrew Bible (Ezekiel xxx. 15); and this word, as well as its Egyptian appellation, Peremoun or Peromi, and its Greek (πήλος) connote a city of the ooze or mud (cf. omi, Coptic, "mud"). Pelusium lay between the seaboard and the Deltaic marshes of the Delta, about two and a half miles from the sea. The Ostium Pelusiacum was choked by sand as early as the first century BC, and the coastline has now advanced far beyond its ancient limits, so that the city, even in the third century AD, was at least four miles from the Mediterranean. Pelusium was attacked and taken by the Persians, 369 BC. The city contained at the time a garrison of 5,000 Greek mercenaries under the command of Philophron. At first, owing to the rashness of the Thebans in the Persian service, the defenders had the advantage. But the Egyptian king Nectanebo II hastily venturing on a pitched battle, his troops were cut to pieces, and Pelusium surrendered to the Theban general Lacrates on honorable conditions. (Diodorus Siculus xvi. 43.) In 333 BC, Pelusium opened its gates to Alexander the Great, who placed a garrison in it under the command of one of those officers entitled Companions of the King. (Arrian, Exp. Alex. iii. 1, seq.; Quintus Curtius iv. 33.) In 173 BC, Antiochus Epiphanes utterly defeated the troops of Ptolemy Philometor under the walls of Pelusium, which he took and retained after he had retired from the rest of Egypt. (Polybius Legat. § 82; Hieronym. in Daniel. xi.) On the fall of the Syrian kingdom, however, if not earlier, Pelusium had been restored to the Ptolemies. In 55 BC, again belonging to Egypt, Mark Antony, as cavalry general to the Roman proconsul Gabinius, defeated the Egyptian army, and made himself master of the city. Ptolemy Auletes, in whose behalf the Romans invaded Egypt at this time, wished to put the Pelusians to the sword; but his intention was thwarted by Mark Anthony. (Plut. Anton. c. 3; Valerius Max. ix. 1.) In 48 BC, Pompey was murdered in Pelusium. In 30 BC, more than half a year after his victory at Actium, Augustus appeared before Pelusium, and was admitted by its governor Seleucus within its walls. (I love this one, because all Historic events related with the time frame)

There! Those kind of culture maps should precisely help you differentiate true Germans from true Celts. Please, don't mix true Germans with people who lived in what Caesar called Germania in the 2nd part of the 1st century BC. and do use fragmentary (a few occurrence) late (posterior to Caesar) accounts with care as far as the epoch 1 is concerned. In other terms, don't mix people of true Nordic ascendancy with people who were only germanized by contact or by sharing a common ancestry who could barely be qualified as Germanic. To this account, better call the Roman, the Cimbri and the Britton cousins and stop this thread! We surely all know that people migrated, were acculturated or even absorbed in that period. 500 BC - 0 AD witnessed the Celtic raids and late migrations, and the Cimbri event, but because of the incredible mix/push that occurred after 0 AD, we lack informations. To my point of view, the most conservative stanza is to clearly identify which people were truly Germanic when they were quite enough depicted and referenced, and only speculate on what happened before, centuries before, to their predecessor. Now, on the arguments: my sources are various Wikis I deem documented and rational enough, as well as an interresting discussion on the Rome:Total War Europa Barbarorum ("What are the Cimbri"). Take care that I will use "Germania" in the sense of Caesar and post-Caesar authors' "Germania Magna": all the land east from the Rhine, north from the Danube and west from Belarus. * Archeology: The Celtic and Germanic iron age central spots are VERY clearly separated. However, in the late La Tène age, a Celtic centre seemed to have came in direct contact with another emerging culture that will be called Germanic. Those Germans were expanding south in the river valleys. In those area at the same times, we find both remains of Celtic oppida and a lot of Germanic artifacts, but that could only mean commercial exchanges. Don't forget about all the Celtic artifacts retrieved in Jutland Germanic tombs, dated from after the Cimbri raid, although trade might not have been the only mean used to acquire them. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jastorf_culture * Linguistics: There are three theories to locate the "heartland" where the Indo-Europeans came from in several waves. First is Kurgan (Ural), second is Anatolia, and third is Balkans, the latest being maybe backed by genetic studies. The map shows the first one but the other would be merely shifts from it (with an Aegean/Bosphoran route for the Anatolian's). In short, what is shown is that after the early separation of the Anatolian and Hellenic groups two western group diverged into Proto-Germanic and Celto-Italic. The first went north to the Baltic, the second to the balkans and then separated from each other. Also, the Celts had been given a specific name by the German (Waal or Gaul), maybe based on the Volcae, a tribe that settled in the northern Celtic area, near the Boii. That's nothing to do with the Rhine valley, and now France. Also, do you know the Nordwestblock theory? It seems that all recent maps take account of it. - Belgian anthroponyms and toponyms don't show much evidences of Germanic influence until the Germans started to fight the Roman. - They are much more akin to Gaulish with an anomaly in some words that would antecede P-Celtic. - Maybe only the elite would have spoke Celtic, while the other would have only spoke a language akin to the Italic languages (such as Indo-European(ized) Liguric). - However, Cesar used translators from Iberia and Narbonensis to communicate with the Belgian (and the whole Belgica is considered being populated with peoples using a distinctive dialect). - Some "Celtic" Belgian would call neighbor tribes as "german", that could mean "brother" in Gaulish. At the same time they would boast about their "germanic" origin (in the sense: "we were like them before"). However, they felt Gallic in dire situations. - Cesar naturally called those neighbor land : "Germania", and this was west from the Rhine at first, or a little beyond it (as far as Belgian settled). Then, for the political reasons you explain, the Rhine became a border, and the unknown lands in the NE became Germania (the same for the Danube). - The Belgian formed a federation of peoples either fully, or only partially (or non) celticized. As a result, this theory speculates that the Belgian were Proto-Indo-European people, a bronze age Celtico-Italic branch isolated before the migration of some of them to the Italian peninsula, that were celticized to some extent by eastern and southern Celts as those expanded in Gaul and Britain. A pocket between Main, Rhine, and the North Sea would have been barely touched, however. Thus, the first German ever Cesar encountered in Belgica would be Belgian, both west and east of the Rhine, except maybe some remnants of the Cimbri raid, and the Batavian, further north on the Rhine (they could be the least integrated Belgian too). Then only during 1st century BC, did form or come what will become the Frankish League and the Chatti, truly Germanic speakers. This lead to a Belgian migration in SW Britain, and maybe in all the NW coastal area of Gaul, Armorica included. The same hypothesis might apply to the most southern "germanic" people that really departs from mainstream Germanic penetration. So to say, as soon as German-speaking people (true German, germanized PIE and germanized Celts) appeared near the limes, they would be called... "Germans", that is brothers among the Belgian, which become more ridiculous, the farthest you are from the Rhine valley. A corollary of this is that we are not sure who, east from the Belgian federation, were non federated celticized PIE, germanized PIE or "true" German. As an example, the Sicambri are sometimes depicted as "Celtic", but does it mean that they were not federated Belgian, or another partly celticized local isolate, or a migrating celiticized Proto-German? But they disappeared at the advent of the Frankish League. It is probable that all ended in merging with the pushing German, in the first centuries AD. By the way, in the above I use indistinctly "Belgian" and "Belgian federation" to refer to all the people the Belgian felt akin to (NW PIE in the exposed theory), not to the specific Belgae tribe.

MACEDONIAN CIVILISATION PROFILE Version 1.1 -- 9 July 2011 by Michael D. Hafer [aka Mythos_Ruler] Email: michaeldhafer@gmail.com. (Indiana, United States of America). Version 1.0 by Michael D. Hafer [aka Mythos_Ruler] Email: michaeldhafer@gmail.com. (Indiana, United States of America). Revamped Greeks can be found HERE. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNIT DESCRIPTIONS ==INFANTRY== * Generic Name: Foot Compation. * Specific Name: Pezhetairos. * Class: Spearman. * Armament: Long Macedonian pike, the "sarissa". * Appearance: - Body: Basic - "Rear ranker". Simple tunic. No armour or greaves. Advanced - "Mid Ranker". Linothorax armour (with pteruges) and bronze greaves. Elite - "Front ranker". Bronze muscled cuirass (with leather pteruges) and bronze greaves. - Shield: Round Macedonian pelta for all three levels. - Helmet: Basic - Basic pilos helmet. Advanced - Open faced Thracian and Phrygian helmets, plumed and non-plumed, crested and non-crested. Elite - Closed faced, feathered, plumed, and/or crested Phrygian helmets. - Figure(s): Great image of Pezhetairoi by Johnny Shumate. Here's a perfect "Elite" or "Front Ranker" Pezhetairos. * History: The Pezhetairoi were the backbone of the Macedonian army, much like the Hoplites were for the Hellenes. What makes the Pezhetairoi different is their use of a two-handed 18 foot (or longer) pike and their massed "syntagma" formation, a variation on the Greek Phalanx borrowed from the Thebans. The Pezhetairos is a professional, making him one of the strongest spearmen in the game. * Garrison: 1. * Function: Slow. Cavalry killer. Individually very vulnerable to ranged units and swordsmen when not in Syntagma formation. * Special: "Syntagma" Formation. * Generic Name: Agrianian Peltast. * Specific Name: Peltastes Agrianikos * Class: Javelinist. * Armament: Javelins. Decorative curved dagger. * Appearance: - Body: Basic - Simple tunic. No shoes. Advanced - Decorative tunic. Leather boots. Elite - Light-weight quilted linothorax. Leather boots. - Shield: Thracian-style pelta shields for each level. - Helmet: Basic - No helmet. Advanced - Pilos Helmet. Elite - Open faced Phrygian Helmets. - Figure(s): Great image of Macedonian Peltasts by Johnny Shumate. And another one here. Here's another good variety to choose from for the lower levels and some neat designs here. * History: The Agrianians were Alexander's best skirmishers when he went on his world-conquest march. They had Macedonian and Thracian influences and were deadly accurate. * Garrison: 1. * Function: Good skirmishers. Little armour per se. On par with Hellenic "Thracian Peltasts." * Special: none. * Generic Name: Rhodian Slinger. * Specific Name: Sphendonêtês Rhodikos * Class: Mercenary Slinger. * Armament: Sling and leather bullet pouch. Decorative dagger. * Appearance: - Body: Basic - Poor. Simple tunic (nearly naked). No shoes. Advanced - Decorative tunic. Sandals. Fox hide slung over his shoulder. Elite - Light-weight quilted linothorax. Leather boots. - Shield: Basic - no shield. Advanced - No shield. Elite - Small round pelta. - Helmet: Basic - No helmet. Advanced - Straw hat. Elite - Open faced Phrygian and Pilos Helmets. No feathers, plumes, or crests. - Figure(s): Similar to this fellow by Johnny Shumate. This one shows good bullet pouch position. * History: The slingers from the island of Rhodes were the best slingers in and around the Aegean world, learning their craft from a young age. A lead Rhodian bullet had enough force to pierce armour and kill a man. They were hired by Macedon and the Hellenistic states (and Hellenic states before them) as mercenaries to augment the skirmishing capacity of their armies. In this, the Rhodian Sphendonêtês excelled brilliantly. * Garrison: 1. * Function: Good Pierce attack. Basically no armour. Can't stand up to a fight. They are mercenaries, with all the traits that designation entails. * Special: none. * Generic Name: Cretan Archer. * Specific Name: Toxotes Kretikos. * Class: Archer. * Armament: Small simple bow. Decorative dagger. Quiver of arrows slung onto the back. * Appearance: - Body: Basic - Simple tunic. Sandals. Advanced - Decorative tunic. Sandals. Light-weight quilted thorax. Elite - Linothorax armour. Leather boots. - Shield: Basic - no shield. Advanced - No shield. Elite - Small round pelta. - Helmet: Basic - No helmet. Only a headband. Advanced - Straw hat. Elite - Open faced Chalcidean and Pilos Helmets. No feathers, plumes, or crests. - Figure(s): Basic level. This image here shows a good range, from basic, to advanced, to elite. * History: Mercenary archers from the big island of Crete. They were widely regarded as the best archers in all of Hellas and had a long tradition of hiring themselves out to Hellenic states such as Athens for use aboard Triremes naval vessels. Alexander hired them to accompany him on his world conquest march and while in his service they dueled admirably with the greatly feared eastern archers. * Garrison: 1. * Function: Mediocre archer compared to the Persian ranged units, but the Cretans should have decent hitpoints and stamina. Can't stand up well to a melee fight. They are mercenaries, with all the traits that designation entails. * Special: none. ==CAVALRY== * Generic Name: Thracian Heavy Cavalry. * Specific Name: Xystophoros Thrakikos. * Class: Mercenary Cavalry Spearman. * Armament: Long Macedonian cavalry lance, the "xyston". * Appearance: - Body: Basic - Simple tunic. Sandals. Advanced - Leather cuirass. Leather boots and pteruges. Elite - Scale-reinforced linothorax armour. Linen pteruges. Chlamys cloak. Leather boots. - Shield: Basic - No shield. Advanced - Small, leather covered shield. Elite - Small, embossed Macedonian shield. - Helmet: Basic - Boeotian Helmet, non-plumed. Advanced - Thracian helmets, non-plumed, non-crested. Elite - Phrygian helmets, crested and non-crested. - Mount: Basic - Simple tack. No saddle blanket. Advanced - More decorative tack. Simple saddle blanket. Elite - Bronze chamfron. Decorative tack. Patterned saddle blanket. - Figure(s): None yet.. * History: Xystophoroi were a form of heavy cavalry that utilized the long Macedonian cavalry lance. Charges were devastating affairs, with many enemy infantrymen left skewered all over the battlefield. These Xystophoroi are mercenaries hired by the Macedonian kings from the Thracian, Paeonian, and Illyrian tribes that surround the kingdom. * Garrison: 2. * Function: Good armour in its Elite form. Light standard attack, but devastating charge bonus. Unlike the Hetairos Champion Unit and most other cavalry types, the Xystophoros does not deal Trample damage - he relies solely on his charge bonus. They are mercenaries, with all the traits that designation entails. * Special: none. * Generic Name: Thessalian Scout. * Specific Name: Prodromos Thessalikos. * Class: Cavalry Javelinist. * Armament: Javelins. Decorative sword. Clutch of Javelins in his left hand. * Appearance: - Body: Basic - Simple tunic. Chlamys (cape/cloak). Sandals. Advanced - Light-weight quilted thorax. Chlamys. Sandals. Elite - Linothorax armour. Chlamys with patterned trim. Leather boots. - Shield: Basic - No shield. Advanced - No shield. Elite - No shield. - Helmet: Basic - Straw hat. Advanced - Boeotian Helmet, non plumed. Elite - Boeotian and Thracian Helmets, plumed. - Mount: Basic - Simple tack. No saddle blanket. Advanced - More decorative tack. Simple saddle blanket. Elite - Bronze Chamfron. Decorative tack. Patterned saddle blanket. - Figure(s): Great image of a Prodromos (this one is wielding a spear, not a javelin). And another. * History: Thessalians led an agrarian life and raised horses in the large pasture lands of Thessaly. They were widely regarded as the best cavalry in all of Hellas due to the speed and tenacity of their horses. They were used effectively in the Macedonian armies as light cavalry and held the important left flank of the battle line, staving off enemy advances long enough for the heavy cavalry on the right flank to make the killer blow. * Garrison: 2. * Function: Fast. Good armour and HPs. Is one of the few ranged units with no minimum range (they'll stand up to a fight). * Special: none. ==SUPPORT UNITS== * Generic Name: Macedonian Woman. * Specific Name: Gyne. * Class: Female Citizen. * Armament: None. * Appearance: - Body: Chiton and Himation. - Shield: None. - Helmet: She looks like a Hellene (Greek) female, except her hair is a bit more fashionable for Hellenistic times. - Figure(s): Various Greek women. * History: Macedonian women were mothers, first and foremost. They had few rights and a low station. Lower class women labored the land and, only when necessary, tended the family shop. Middle and upper class women were relegated almost exclusively to home life. Be that as it may, they were masters of the home and servants, their husbands often deferred to their wives in domestic matters. Some Macedonian women did wield uncommon influence in politics, the most famous being Olympias, mother of Alexander. * Garrison: 1. * Function: Standard female citizen attributes. Does not fight. Runs when confronted with enemy attack. Capturable. * Special: none. * Generic Name: Priest. * Specific Name: Hiereus. * Class: Healer. * Armament: None. Carries a small votive. * Appearance: - Body: Long white Himation. - Shield: None. - Helmet: White hood and olive wreath crown. - Figure(s): Pretty good shot here, from the movie "Alexander". * History: The Macedonians worshiped the Olympic Pantheon. The priests of the various sects were renown for "curing" various ailments. When this propensity for "faith healing" collided with the intellectualism of some of the more liberal city-states, medicine was born. * Garrison: 1. * Function: Average Healer stats. * Special: "Sphagia" (pre-battle sacrifice). If the Healer kills or slaughters a domesticated animal (cow, auroch, sheep, goat) within LOS of military units, those units get a small (+10%) attack boost for a short amount of time(~30 sec). * Generic Name: Merchant. * Specific Name: Emporos. * Class: Trader. * Armament: None. Walking stick. * Appearance: - Body: Chiton and Chlamys (cloak). Boots. - Shield: None. - Helmet: Floppy straw hat. - Mount: He does not ride a trade cart, but walks on his own will, pack mule in tow. - Figure(s): Same look as the Hellene or Carthaginian Traders. * History: The Macedonians weren't renown as extensive traders, but did trade greatly with the Greek city-states to the south as well as the Thracian and Illyrian tribes that surrounded the kingdom. Not only did they trade goods, but slaves and knowledge as well. * Garrison: 1. * Function: Standard trader. * Special: none. ==NAVY== * Generic Name: Fishing Boat. * Specific Name: Ploion Halieutikon. * Class: Fishing Ship. * Appearance: - Shell: - * History: TBD * Garrison: Cannot. * Garrison Capacity: 1; support, infantry * Function: Gathering: Only method of collecting meat from fish. * Special: Garrison a support unit or infantry unit inside to boost fishing rate. * Generic Name: Trade Ship. * Specific Name: Naus Emporike. * Class: Merchantman. * Armament: None. * Appearance: - Shell: Will look very similar to the Hellenes trade ship, but with a different skin and different sail patterns. * Figure(s): The ship in the left background is perfect (the ship in the foreground is also good for the Macedonian Trireme). And this is a nice render of the same ship: Perfect! * History: Macedonian sea trade was usually limited to the Aegean Sea and the surrounding areas, possibly as far as the Black Sea Hellenic colonies. * Garrison: Cannot. * Function: Standard Merchant Ship. Garrison a Trader aboard to boost trade. * Special: - * Generic Name: Bireme. * Specific Name: Dieres. * Class: Light Warship. * Armament: None. * Appearance: - Shell: Two banks of oars. One large square sail. Brass ram on the prow of the ship. * Figure(s): This ship here, exactly. Let's make this look different than the Greek "Pentakonter". * History: The Macedonian navy before the reign of Philip II and his son Alexander consisted mainly of outdated pentakonter and bireme designs. * Garrison: Cannot. * Function: Standard bireme class ship. * Special: - * Generic Name: Trireme. * Specific Name: Trieres. * Class: Medium Warship. * Armament: None. * Appearance: - Shell: Three banks of oars. One large square sail and one smaller one. Iron beaked ram on the prow of the ship. * Figure(s): Very good example (side view). Here's a plan of the decks. Put a small hut near the stern of the ship like this. This ship is similar to size and shape as the "Greek Trireme", but with different sail designs, a whole new set of skins, and perhaps a slightly different bow and stern design. * History: As the power of the Macedonian kingdom grew, larger and more complex naval vessels became more common. The Macedonian Trieres is a simple copy of the Trireme used by the other Hellenic states, such as Athens, Corinth, and Syracuse. The tactic of a Trieres was to simply ram ones opponent with the ship's wrought iron rammed bow. If necessary boarding and capturing enemy ships in a melee was also a useful tactic. Alexander also used these ships to help besiege the island city of Tyre. Multiple Trieres were lashed together in order to support a massive siege tower to assault the sea walls of the city. Eventually Alexander's plans were successful and the city of Tyre was taken. * Garrison: Cannot. * Function: Standard trireme class ship. * Special: - ==SIEGE== * Generic Name: Siege Tower. * Specific Name: Helepolis * Class: Siege Tower. * Appearance: - Shell: Siege Tower - Figure(s): The Helepolis of Rhodes (notice the siege engines within). * History: When Demetrius Poliorcetes besieged Salamis, in Cyprus, he instructed that a machine be constructed, which he called "the taker of cities." Its form was that of a square tower, each side 90 cubits high and 45 wide. It rested on four wheels, each eight cubits high. It was divided into nine stories, the lower of which contained machines for throwing great stones, the middle large catapults for throwing spears, and the highest, other machines for throwing smaller stones, together with smaller catapults. It was manned with 200 soldiers, besides those that moved it by pushing the parallel beams at the bottom (Diod. xx.48). * Garrison: Cannot. * Function: Functions much like a warship, but on land. Is able to garrison all types of units (except cavalry) to increase attack and other attributes, including other siege units. Build limit: 1 at a time. * Special: May unload garrisoned units over enemy walls. * Generic Name: Stone Thrower. * Specific Name: Petrobolos * Class: Catapult. * Appearance: - Shell: Similar to the Greek Lithobolos. - Figure(s): Just like this, with two armoured soldiers manning the weapon. * History: When Philip II came to the throne he set out to "modernize" and reform the military capabilities of his kingdom. Notably he became known throughout the classical world as a sponsor of engineering and mathematics. Engineers and mathematicians flocked to his kingdom and beneath his patronage they created ever larger and more effective machines of war. Philip's son, Alexander, would use these to great affect during the siege of Tyre. * Garrison: 3. * Function: Slightly more powerful than the Greek Lithobolos, but less powerful than the Roman Ballista. * Special: None. ==KINGDOM OF MACEDONIA CHAMPION UNITS== * Generic Name: Shield Bearer. * Specific Name: Hypaspistes. * Class: Champion Infantry Unit. * Armament: Long Macedonian pike, the "sarissa" when in Syntagma and Box formation. Greek spear, the "dory" when in Phalanx and Line formations. Switches to Greek Xiphos when in any other formation. * Appearance: - Body: Random appearance between silver tinned muscled cuirass and scale reinforced linothorax. Pteruges for the groin as well as shoulders. Silver tinned greaves. - Shield: Silver round Macedonian pelta when using sarissa. Large silver Greek Aspis when using the dory or xiphos. - Helmet: Silver Phrygian and Attic style helmets, with plumes, crests, and feathers. - Figure(s): Excellent image of a Hypaspist using a sarissa by Johnny Shumate. Here is an amazing image of a Hypaspist utilizing an aspis and dory, also by Johnny Shumate. This one here shows the design of a "silver shield". * History: The Royal Hypaspists, or "shield bearers", were the best, most veteran soldiers in the Macedonian army. Hand picked by the king himself for the task of guarding the person of the king, they were also tasked with the most dangerous assignments on the battlefield. During Alexander's Indian campaign, these men became known as the Argyraspides, or "silver shields" from the silver armour and equipment gifted to them by the king himself. They were well skilled in ancient warfare, utilizing tactics and equipment dictated by the task at hand, making them the most flexible infantry arm of the Macedonian armies. * Garrison: 1. * Function: High armour. Multi-taskers, they function as pikemen when in Syntagma and box formations, as Hoplites when in Phalanx and Line formations, and as swift footed swordsmen when in other formations. Generally less powerful than a Spartiate, but far more flexible. * Special: "Syntagma" Formation. "Phalanx" Formation (the only Macedonian unit that may utilize this Greek formation). Promotes to Argyraspis, with greater stats. * Generic Name: Companion Cavalry. * Specific Name: Hetairos. * Class: Champion Cavalry Unit. * Melee Armament: Long 12' cavalry spear, the "xyston". Sword and scabbard (decorative) * Appearance: - Body: Random appearance between bronze muscled cuirass and scale reinforced linothorax. Chlamys or cape. Pteruges for the groin and shoulders. No greaves. Long sleeve tunic. - Shield: No shield. - Helmet: Boeotian, Attic, and Thracian bronze helmets, crested and plumed. - Mount: Stout horse. Saddles vary between leopard and lions skins, and highly decorative saddle blankets. Bronze chamfron for the horse's face. - Figure(s): Fantastic image of Alexander leading his Hetairoi across the River Issos (shows a variety of armour and helmet types). A decent image of a Hetairos with a Boeotian helmet. Here's a painted miniature of a Hetairos with a rather lavish cape. * History: The Hetairoi corps, or "Companion Cavalry", was made up of Macedonian noblemen trained from birth in horsemanship and cavalry warfare. These were the first "shock cavalry" used by a western army, used to punch holes in infantry formations and sow discord and panic within the enemy lines. These men accompany the king himself into battle, usually from the right of the battle line. The Hetairoi were instrumental in defeating Macedon's foes at the battles of Chaeronea (Greeks), Granicus (Persians), Issos (Persians), Gaugamela (Persians), and Hydaspes (Indians). * Garrison: 2. * Function: High armour and health. High cost. Probably the most powerful "Western" cavalryman in the game, only bested by Eastern "Katafraktoi" type cavalry. Has a devastating charge bonus and deals Trample damage. Particularly strong against standard citizen-soldiers, but not so strong against enemy Champion Units (but still holds up well). * Special: None. ==SELEUCIDS CHAMPION UNITS== * Generic Name: Greek Cataphract. * Specific Name: Kataphraktos. * Class: Champion Cavalry Unit. * Armament: - Melee: Long two-handed cavalry lance. Sword and scabbard (ornamental). - Ranged (Secondary): Recurved Eastern short bow. * Appearance: - Body: Bronze muscled cuirass or Bronze scale corselet. Linen pteruges. Flowing cloak or Chlamys. Arms and legs wrapped in segmented armour. - Shield: No shield. - Helmet: Plumed and/or Crested Hellenistic Phrygian helmets, with and without feathers. - Mount: Large war horse covered in scale mail. Skirt made of scale in the front and on the sides. Bronze chamfron with crest. - Figure(s): Perfect image. Another good image, Here. * History: As the Seleucids began to solidify their hold on much of Alexander's Eastern Empire they began to meld the best of the martial traditions of both East and West, culminating in the Seleucids fielding a corps of highly armoured cavalry called "Katafraktoi." These cavalrymen would punch through weak points in the enemy line and would often prove decisive in battle. * Garrison: 2. * Function: Highest armour of any cavalry in the game, but also one of the slowest. Very high charge bonus and trample damage, but low standard attack. * Special: None. * Generic Name: Armoured War Elephant. * Specific Name: Elephas Kataphraktoss. * Class: Champion Siege Unit. * Armament: - Melee: Armoured Tusks. - Ranged (Passive): Javelins * Appearance: - Body: The 2 riders and 1 mahout have random armour between bronze muscled cuirass and scale reinforced linothorax, with pteruges. No greaves. - Shield: No shields for any of the riders/mahout. - Helmet: Thracian bronze helmets, crested and plumed, non-crested and non-plumed. - Mount: Large Indian Elephant with small wooden tower on its back. It has bronze segmented armour all over its body (see image below). - Figure(s): Sick image of an armoured Hellenistic war elephant. Another good image of a Seleucid elephant. * History: The Seleucids, having access to the East, specifically India, imported gigantic war elephants to augment their phalanxes. The beasts were armoured and were used as giant battering rams to smash enemy infantry formations. * Garrison: Cannot. * Function: The Armoured Elephant will smash buildings with its crush attack. It also has a passive ranged attack from its riders throwing javelins. Last but not least, this unit also has a very high trample aura which kills nearby enemy infantry and cavalry alike. * Special: - "Damage Frenzy". - "Stench" Aura. ==PTOLEMAIC EGYPTIANS CHAMPION UNITS== * Generic Name: Egyptian Levy Pikeman. * Specific Name: Makhimos Aigyptios. * Class: Champion Infantry Unit. * Armament: Long Macedonian pike, the "sarissa". * Appearance: - Body: Dirty brown quilted linothorax and pteruges. No greaves. - Shield: Round pelta with Egyptian-style designs painted on them. - Helmet: Non-plumed Thracian and Phrygian helmets. - Figure(s): None yet. * History: When pressed hard by the fellow successor state, the Seleukid Kingdom, the Ptolemies of Egypt began to arm and train the Egyptian people in Macedonian fashion. These levies of indigenous Egyptians were crucial in turning back the Seleukid tide, cementing nationalist pride and threatening the rule of the Ptolemies over their own kingdom. * Garrison: 1. * Function: Same stats as an Elite Pezhetairos (it's uncommon for a Champion Unit to have stats on par with a citizen-soldier), but trains twice as fast, owing to their levy, non-professional status. * Special: "Syntagma" Formation. * Generic Name: War Elephant. * Specific Name: Elephas Polemikos. * Class: Champion Siege Unit. * Armament: - Melee: Armoured Tusks. - Ranged (Passive): Javelins * Appearance: - Body: The 1 riders and 1 mahout have random armour between bronze muscled cuirass and scale reinforced linothorax, with pteruges. No greaves. - Shield: No shields for any of the riders/mahout. - Helmet: Hellenistic bronze helmets, crested and plumed, non-crested and non-plumed. - Mount: Small North African Elephant with small wooden tower on its back. Smaller and less powerful than the Asian elephants used by the Persians and Seleucids. - Figure(s): -. * History: The Ptolemies secured a corps of North African elephants in order to counter the giant war beasts employed by the Seleucids. These had towers, but no other armour (in contrast to the Seleucid behemoths). * Garrison: Cannot. * Function: The Elephant will smash buildings with its crush attack. It also has a passive ranged attack from its riders throwing javelins. This unit also has a high trample aura. Faster than the Seleucid elephants, but slower than the Carthaginian elephants. * Special: - "Damage Frenzy". - "Stench" Aura. * Generic Name: Juggernaut. * Specific Name: Tessarakonteres. * Class: Champion Ship Unit. * Armament: Two (2) catapults (standard). Any other ranged units that are garrisoned aboard. * Appearance: - Shell: This is the textbook definition of a naval "Juggernaut." Largest ship in the game. As many oars as possible and large sails. It's possible it might have had a double catamaran hull. Put a lavish tent on the rear. * Figure(s): None yet. * History: The age of the Successors ('Diadokhoi') was the age of the arms race. Ever larger and more complex machines of war were envisioned and constructed. Among those machines was the gigantic juggernauts of the Ptolemaic navy, or "Poliremes". Some of these ships were large enough to boast crews of over a thousand strong or more. These were more like floating fortresses than tactical naval ships. With the end of the Hellenistic states in the 1st century BC came the end of these mighty juggernauts. * Garrison: Cannot. * Function: Biggest ship in the game. Can garrison roughly twice as many units as a Quinquereme. Comes with two catapults standard, but may be garrisoned with up to 2 more. Very slow and very costly, these ships are more like floating fortresses than mere ships. Like the Helepolis, the player may only build 1 at a time. * Special: This ship may only be constructed during the lifetime of the Ptolemaic hero Ptolemy Philopater. ==KINGDOM OF MACEDONIA HEROES== * Generic Name: Philip II. * Specific Name: Philippos II. * Class: Hero1. * Hacker Armament: As for Macedonian Hetairos. * Ranged Armament: None. * Appearance: - Body: Iron and gold-gilded "Vergina Cuirass". Pteruges for the groin and shoulders. Iron greaves and leather sandals. - Helmet: Iron "Vergina Helmet" with crest. - Shield: None. - Mount: White stallion. Highly decorative saddle blanket and tack. Iron chamfron for the stallion's face. - Figure(s): The single best depiction of Philip to-date, bar none!. * History: The king of Macedonia (359 BC - 336 BC), he carried out vast monetary and military reforms in order to make his kingdom the most powerful force in the Greek world. Greatly enlarged the size of Macedonia by conquering much of Thrace, and subduing the Greeks. Murdered in Aegae while planning a campaign against Persia. * Garrison: 2. * Function: Cavalry Enhancement. * Special: - "Hero" Aura (All nearby cavalry units are 10% faster and have +15% attack.) * Generic Name: Alexander the Great. * Specific Name: Megas Alexandros. * Class: Hero2. * Hacker Armament: A mean looking Kopis. * Ranged Armament: None. * Appearance: - Body: Linen and Iron thorax as depicted in the "Pompeii Mosaic". Long sleeves, boots, but no greaves. Wears a heroic flowing cape. - Helmet: Golden "lion" helmet as depicted in the movie "Alexander". Long blond hair. - Shield: No shield. - Mount: Bucephalus. A large black stallion. Leopard saddle blanket and decorative tack. Bronze chamfron. - Figure(s): Just like this--->A great miniature. * History: The most powerful hero of them all - son of Philip II, king of Macedonia (336 BC - 323 BC). After conquering the rest of the Thracians and quelling the unrest of the Greeks (by razing once-mighty Thebes to the ground), Alexander embarked on a world-conquest march. Defeating the Persian forces at Granicus (334 BC), Issus (333 BC) and Gaugamela (331 BC), he became master of the Persian Empire. Entering India, he defeated king Porus at Hydaspes (326 BC), but his weary troops made him halt. Died in Babylon at the age of 33 while planning a campaign against Arabia. * Garrison: 2. * Function: Imperialist, Hero Killer * Special: - "Hero" Aura (All structures have +25% territory effect during his lifetime, by default. This is replaced with all enemy buildings are captured 25% quicker when territories are turned off.) - "Heroicide Bonus" (+25% attack bonus vs. enemy heroes.) * Generic Name: Demetrius the Besieger. * Specific Name: Demetrios Poliorketes. * Class: Hero3. * Hacker Armament: Sarissa; Short Sword (ornamental). * Ranged Armament: None. * Appearance: - Body: 16 kg metal armour. Iron greaves. - Helmet: A fancy hat or a crown of laurels. - Shield: Macedonian pelta, emblazoned with the sun rays of Macedonian royalty. - Figure(s): He's already in the game. * History: One of the Diadochoi, king of Macedonia (294 BC - 288 BC), Demetrios was renowned as one of the bravest and most able successors of Alexander. As the son of Antigonos I Monophthalmos (one of Alexander's great generals), he fought and won many important battles early on and was proclaimed king, along with his father, in 306 BC. Losing his Asian possessions after the battle of Ipsos, he later won the Macedonian throne. Fearing lest they should be overpowered by Demetrios, the other Diadochi united against him and defeated him. * Garrison: 1. * Function: Siege Enhancement * Special: - "Hero" Aura (All nearby siege weapons have 50% greater range and vision, and +25% attack [Poliorcetes means "the city besieger"].) ==SELEUCIDS HEROES== * Generic Name: Seleucus the Victor. * Specific Name: Seleukos I Nikator. * Class: Hero1. * Hacker Armament: Elephant tusks. * Ranged Armament: Javelins. * Appearance: - Body: As for a Chalkaspis, but with decorative tinned embossing on the bronze cuirass. Long flowing chlamys. - Helmet: Beautiful crested and feathered Phrygian helmet (see figure below). - Shield: No shield - protected by tower (howdah). - Mount: Armoured War Elephant (Elefantos Katafraktos) with tower (howdah). Armour is silver instead of bronze, with gold inlays. Mahout same as Elefantos Katafraktoi. - Figure(s): A good view of his upper armour, face, and helmet. * History: "Always lying in wait for the neighboring nations, strong in arms and persuasive in council, he [seleucus] acquired Mesopotamia, Armenia, 'Seleucid' Cappadocia, Persis, Parthia, Bactria, Arabia, Tapouria, Sogdia, Arachosia, Hyrcania, and other adjacent peoples that had been subdued by Alexander, as far as the river Indus, so that the boundaries of his empire were the most extensive in Asia after that of Alexander. The whole region from Phrygia to the Indus was subject to Seleucus." — Appian, "The Syrian Wars" * Garrison: 3. * Function: Elephant Corps Commander. * Special: - "Hero" Aura (Boosts War Elephant attack and speed +20% within his vision.) * Generic Name: Antiochus the Great. * Specific Name: Antiokhos III Megas. * Class: Hero2. * Hacker Armament: Sarissa; Kopis (ornamental). * Ranged Armament: None. * Appearance: - Body: Golden muscled cuirass. Shoulder doubling. Segmented armour for the arms. Pteruges and leather boots. - Helmet: Plumed thracian-style helmet, with highly embossed face mask. - Shield: No shield (needs to hands to wield his sarissa). - Mount: Cataphract armour. Crested head dress. Highly decorated saddle blanket. - Figure(s): Amazing piece of art, depicting Antiochus' charge at Magnesia. * History: Antiochus inherited a troubled kingdom upon the beginning of his reign. From the verge of collapse he managed to weld back together the empire Seleukus I so hard to found. The rebellious eastern satraps of Bactria and Parthia were brought to heel , temporarily securing his eastern borders. He then turned his attention to mother Greece, attempting to fulfill the dreams of his fathers by invading Greece under the pretext of "liberation". The Achaean League and the Kingdom of Pergamon banded together with the Romans to defeat him at the Battle of Magnesia, forever burying the dream of reuniting Alexander's empire. * Garrison: 2. * Function: Cavalry enhancement. * Special: - "Hero" Aura (All cavalry trained during his lifetime gain +25% all armour types. These cavalrymen retain their armour bonuses even after Antiochus is dead.) * Generic Name: Antiochus the Magnificent. * Specific Name: Antiokhos IV Epiphanes. * Class: Hero3. * Hacker Armament: Xiphos (Hellenic short sword). * Ranged Armament: None. * Appearance: - Body: Tinned/Silver muscled cuirass. Linen groin and shoulder pteruges. White boots. - Helmet: Silver Boeotian Helmet with Laurel Wreath. - Shield: Small round Macedonian Pelta, with Eastern motif. - Mount: Katafract-style horse (see Antiochus III's mount). - Figure(s): The fellow on the right with the silver muscled cuirass. Horse similar to Antiochus III here. * History: Antiochus IV Epiphanes was a son of Antiochus III the Great and brother of Seleucus IV Philopator. Originally named Mithridates, he assumed the name Antiochus either upon his accession to the throne or after the death of his elder brother Antiochus. Notable events during his reign include the near-conquest of Egypt (twice), which was halted by the threat of Roman intervention, and the beginning of the Jewish revolt of the Maccabees. * Garrison: 2. * Function: This guy captures buildings and enhances his army's crush attack. * Special: - "Hero" Aura (All nearby bipedal melee units gain a +200% Crush attack versus buildings, siege engines, and ships. Building capture time reduced by 25% during his reign.) ==PTOLEMAIC EGYPTIANS HEROES== * Generic Name: Ptolemy the Savior. * Specific Name: Ptolemaios I Soter. * Class: Hero1. * Hacker Armament: Xyston, same as a Hetairos. * Ranged Armament: None. * Appearance: - Body: Reinforced Linothorax with pteruges. Chlamys (cape). Boots. - Helmet: Crested Attic helmet, highly embossed. - Shield: Small round shield, with Egyptian insignia. - Mount: Looks very similar to a Hetairos mount, but with a more elaborate tack. - Figure(s): . * History: Born in 367 BCE, Ptolemy I grew to become one of Alexander the Great's closest friends and generals. He was instrumental in Alexander's later campaigns in Bactria (modern Afghanistan) and India. After Alexander's death, Ptolemy took control of the Satrap of Egypt, and after the Battle of Ipsus became sole ruler of Egypt as "Pharaoh," founding the Ptolemy Dynasty that would rule Egypt for nearly 3 centuries. Ptolemaic Egypt reached the height of its territorial boundaries under his reign as he added Syria, Judea, Cyprus, and parts of Asia Minor to his realm. His reputation for bonhomie and liberality attached the floating soldier-class of Macedonians and Hellenes to his service, and was not insignificant; nor did he wholly neglect conciliation of the native Egyptians. He was a ready patron of letters, founding the Great Library of Alexandria. He himself wrote a history of Alexander's campaigns that has not survived. This used to be considered an objective work, distinguished by its straightforward honesty and sobriety. However, Ptolemy may have exaggerated his own role, and had propagandist aims in writing his History. Although now lost, it was a principal source for the surviving account by Arrian of Nicomedia. Ptolemy died in 283 BCE, the last of the Diodachoi, leaving a well-ordered and stable kingdom to his progeny. * Garrison: 2. * Function: Construction Foreman and Mercenary Captain. * Special: - "Hero" Aura (All buildings within his vision construct 50% faster. All merc units cost 30% less during his lifetime.) - "Hero" Aura (All merc units cost 30% less during his lifetime.) * Generic Name: Ptolemy the Honoured. * Specific Name: Ptolemaios IV Philopater. * Class: Hero2. * Hacker Armament: Short sword. * Ranged Armament: None. * Appearance: - Body: Bronze muscled cuirass over a long flowing Egyptian tunic. Sandals. - Helmet: Laurel wreath crown. - Shield: No shield. - Figure(s): None yet. * History: Ptolemy IV Philopater's reign was inaugurated by the murder of his mother, and he was always under the dominion of favourites, male and female, who indulged his vices and conducted the government as they pleased. Self-interest led his ministers to make serious preparations to meet the attacks of Antiochus III the Great on Coele-Syria including Judea, and the great Egyptian victory of Raphia (217), where Ptolemy himself was present, secured the northern borders of the kingdom for the remainder of his reign. Ptolemy IV is said to have built a giant ship known as the tessarakonteres ("forty"), a huge type of galley. The forty of its name may refer to its number of banks of oars. The current theory is that Ptolemy's ship was an oversize catamaran galley, measuring 128 m 420 ft. * Garrison: 1. * Function: Naval enhancement. He has low armour. * Special: - "Hero" Aura (All warships +20% Hitpoints when the hero is garrisoned aboard a ship.) - "Hero" Aura (A special warship, the "Tessarakonteres" may be constructed during his lifetime.) * Generic Name: Cleopatra VII. * Specific Name: Cleopatra VII. * Class: Hero3. * Hacker Armament: Wheel scythes (melee attack is limited to charge and trample features). * Ranged Armament: Composite Egyptian Bow. * Appearance: - Body: Long gown beneath a gold-gilded and highly embossed gorget. - Helmet: Elaborate head dress. Black hair and garish Egyptian cosmetics. - Shield: No shield. - Mount: Egyptian scythed chariot. Highly ornamental. - Figure(s): Her head dress. Another possible head dress, plus a good idea for the gorget. Her gown. Chariot image 1, and 2. * History: Cleopatra VII is one of the most discussed women in history. She came to the throne of Egypt at the age of 18 and ruled with guile and cunning. Fully Greek in heritage, she nevertheless engendered great support from the Egyptian people by being the first Ptolemaic Pharaoh to learn the Egyptian language. Her patron goddess was the Egyptian goddess Issus, even though by this time the Macedonians had imported much of their pantheon of Olympian gods. Cleopatra met Julius Caesar in 48 BCE, when he arrived to conquer Egypt for Rome. She succeeded in changing his mind. She bore him a son the next year and traveled to Rome as Caesar's bride, but when Julius was assassinated she fled back to Egypt. Later, on his way to attack Parthia, Marcus Antony, trusted general of the late Caesar, stopped in Egypt. There he met Cleopatra and fell immediately in love. Cleopatra bore him 4 children. Together, they fought Octavian Caesar (who would go on to become Augustus Caesar, first emperor of Rome) in a Roman civil war. After the disastrous naval battle of Actium (31 BCE) off the coast of Greece, they fled back to Egypt, hotly pursued by Octavian. The next year, surrounded by Octavian's forces with no hope of regaining power, Antony committed suicide. Cleopatra, the last of the Egyptian Pharaohs and the last of Alexander's Successors, followed Antony in death, committing suicide by Asp, a deadly snake. * Garrison: 2. * Function: She is generally a ranged unit, but when tasked to charge (double click), her chariot can deal a rather vicious charge and trample attack. * Special: - "Hero" Aura (Within her LOS nearby enemy hero aura effects are reduced by -50%. Nearby allied or friendly hero aura effects are bonused +20%.) NEW UNIT TRAITS * Syntagma Formation: This Macedonian civilisation does not require a technology to be researched in order to use the Syntagma Formation (unlike in 0 A.D. 1.0 where a technology is required). The Pezhetairos, Hypaspist, and Machimos unit types automatically receive the ability to use this formation. * Damage Frenzy: Like with Persian War Elephants, the Seleucid Armoured Elephants will "run amok" out of control of the player and attack any nearby unit, friend or foe, when significantly damaged. This may only be rectified by the "frenzied" unit being healed by a Healer back to sufficient health. * "Stench" Aura: As with Persian camels, cavalry units are spooked by elephants, and prove less effective when in range of them. * Herocide: Alexander the Great has an attack bonus versus all other enemy heroes in the game. This gives him the unique qualification as a "hero killer." * Sphagia: <means:pre-battle sacrifice> The Healer Unit ("Hiereus") may kill or slaughter a domesticated animal (cow, auroch, sheep, goat) within LOS of military units, giving those units a small (+10%) attack boost for a short amount of time(~30 sec). This is not upgradeable. CIV CENTRE UNITS * Melee Infantry: Pezhetairos (Infantry Spearman). * Ranged Infantry: Agrianian Peltast (Infantry Javelinist). * Cavalry: Thessalian Prodromos (Cavalry Javelinist). FORBIDDEN UNIT CLASSES * Infantry Swordsman * Cavalry Swordsman * Cavalry Archer * Bolt Shooter STRUCTURE DESCRIPTIONS ==VILLAGE== * Generic Name: House. * Specific Name: Peristyle. * Class: House. * History: During the Hellenistic Age ushered in by Macedon, luxurious palaces and estates became commonplace in the rich Hellenistic metropolises like Antioch, Alexandria and Seleucia. Even simple, middle class homes included a walled garden, called a 'peristyle'. * Generic Name: Granary. * Specific Name: Sitobolion. * Class: Farmstead. * History: Grain was more plentiful in the low lands of Macedon, while hunting and herding was practiced in the highlands. * Generic Name: Field. * Specific Name: Agros. * Class: Field. * History: Even though Greece is a rugged country, farming was still one of the most common sources of food. Farms were built in small villages and outside city walls. * Generic Name: Animal Pen. * Specific Name: Tafros. * Class: Corral. * History: Here is where the player may fatten his herd and milk his cows. * Generic Name: Vineyard. * Specific Name: . * Class: Orchard. * History: The ancient Hellenic peoples had a varied diet, which included many kinds of fruits. These included: Apples, Bergamot oranges, Carobs, Figs, Grapes, Jujubes, Olives (yes, olives are a fruit), Pears, Plums, Pomegranates (made famous in myth), and Quinces. * Generic Name: Storehouse. * Specific Name: Apostasis. * Class: Mill. * History: Resources and building materials were kept in warehouses. * Generic Name: Outpost. * Specific Name: Proskopos. * Class: Outpost. * History: Garrison a unit in this tower and gain a large line of sight bonus. * Generic Name: Stone Wall. * Specific Name: Lithoteichos. * Class: Wall. * History: All Hellenic cities were surrounded by stone walls for protection against enemy raids. Some of these fortifications, like the Athenian Long Walls, for example, were massive structures. * Generic Name: Stone Tower. * Specific Name: Pyrgos. * Class: Wall Tower. * History: Towers were an important part of city fortifications. The defending troops shot arrows at the enemy and poured boiling oil over the assailants. * Generic Name: Stone Gate. * Specific Name: Lithopulê. * Class: Wall Gate. * History: Gates were the portals to and from a city. It was often a target for besiegers. ==TOWN== * Generic Name: Civic Centre. * Specific Name: Polis. * Class: Civ Centre. * History: During the reign of Philip II, any city he conquered he raised to the ground and rebuilt upon Macedonian design and settled with new Macedonian colonists. Alexander founded new cities and named them after himself or his close friends (including one city named for his horse Bucephalus). These he settled with veterans of his campaigns. * Generic Name: Shipyard. * Specific Name: Neôrion. * Class: Dock. * History: A ship yard is required to build a navy. * Generic Name: Temple of the Gods. * Specific Name: Olympieion. * Class: Temple. * History: The Macedonians built marvelous temples in order to honour their polytheistic pantheon. While all gods were venerated, the sun god Apollo was the patron deity of the royal family. * Generic Name: Barracks. * Specific Name: Stratonas. * Class: Barracks. * History: The Stratonas houses and trains the soldiers of the Hellenistic kingdoms. * Generic Name: Marketplace. * Specific Name: Emporion. * Class: Market. * History: The center of a Macedonian city is its Emporion. Here is where vendors sell their wares and where commerce and local politics mix. ==CITY== * Generic Name: Fortress. * Specific Name: Epiteichisma. * Class: Fortress. * History: Build a fortress to train Champion Units and Heroes. SPECIAL STRUCTURES * Generic Name: Library. * Specific Name: Bibliothikon. * Class: SB1. * History: Alexander the Great founded libraries all over his new empire. These became a center of learning for an entirely new synthesized culture: the Hellenistic culture. * Requirements: None. * Phase: City. * Special: - Maximum of 1 built. - All Special Technologies are researched here. - Building one reduces the cost of all other remaining technologies by 10%. * Generic Name: Lighthouse. * Specific Name: Faros. * Class: SB2. * Architectural Reference(s): A very nice design for the Faros Lighthouse of Alexandria. * History: The Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt built the magnificent "Lighthouse of Alexandria" near the harbour mouth of that Nile Delta city. This structure could be seen for many kilometers out to sea and was one of the "Seven Wonders of the World." * Requirements: None. * Phase: City. * Special: When built along the shoreline, grants a very large vision area of the water. Limit: 1. NEW STRUCTURE TRAITS See special buildings above. FORBIDDEN STRUCTURES None. CIV BONUSES CB1 * Name: Hellenic League. * History: After the unification of Greece, Philip II gathered all the city-states together to form the 'Hellenic League', with Macedon as the its leader. With this "Pan-Hellenic" federation he planned to launch an expedition to punish Persia for past wrongs. Although assassinated before he could carry out the invasion, his son Alexander the Great took up the mantle and completed his fathers plans. * Effect: All Macedonian units have a +10% attack bonus vs. Persians and Hellenes (but also -5% attack debonus vs. Roman units). CB2 * Name: Syntagma. * History: Based upon the Theban "Oblique Order" phalanx, the Syntagma was the formation that proved invincible against the armies of Hellas and the East. * Effect: Infantry pike units can use the Syntagma formation (without the need to research a technology). The Syntagma formation is very slow, gives a high pierce attack bonus, and is nearly invincible from the front. However, it is extremely vulnerable from the rear and prone to being flanked unless guarded adequately. TEAM BONUS TB1 * Name: Standardized Currency. * History: The Macedonians and the Diadochi minted coins of very high quality. On their currency the Diadochi in particular frequently depicted themselves as the 'rightful successor' to Alexander the Great, attempting to legitimize their rule. * Effect: Tribute between allies of the Metal resource is bonused ~ 15%. TECHNOLOGIES * Infantry: Strong spearmen - definitely a match for Greek and Roman spearmen. Better than average ranged infantry. * Cavalry: Excellent Cavalry. Good attack and armour techs. * Naval: Strong initially, but not many techs. When everything is said and done, roughly analogous to the Greeks. * Siege: Average catapult; however, the Helepolis is very strong. * Economy: Seleucids have a very strong economic Special Tech. - Farming: Mediocre. (Great Ptolemaic Special Technology for farming) - Mining: Good. - Lumbering: Average. - Hunting: Weak. - Land Trade: Weak (until the City Phase, then average). - Naval Trade: Mediocre. Nothing to match the Greek or Carthaginian trading fleet. * Architecture: - Overall: Above average. - Defenses: Average. SPECIAL TECHNOLOGIES ==KINGDOM OF MACEDONIA SPECIAL TECHNOLOGIES== ST1 * Name: Hellenistic Metropolises. * History: Beginning with Alexander, the Hellenistic monarchs founded many new cities throughout their empires, including Thessalonika, Seleucia, Antioch, Lysimachia, Alexandria, and others, where Greek culture and art blended with local customs to create the motley Hellenistic civilisation. * Effect: Civic Centres have double Health and a +10% increase in territory effect. ST2 * Name: Military Reforms. * History: When Philip II came to the Macedonian throne he began a total reorganization of the Macedonian army. His reforms created a powerful cavalry arm to his army that would prove useful to both himself and his son Alexander's conquests. * Effect: Each subsequent Barracks constructed comes with 5 free (random) Macedonian military units. This also applies to the Barracks of allied players (they receive 5 free units of their own culture for each new Barracks constructed). ==SELEUCIDS SPECIAL TECHNOLOGIES== ST1 * Name: The Silk Road. * History: The Seleukid Empire straddled the famous "silk road" that ran from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indus River, Tibet, and beyond to China. The trade and taxes along this route made the Seleukid cities insanely rich. * Effect: Each Civic Centre constructed acts like a "relic" and grants a constant profitable stream of resources. ST2 * Name: Marriage of East and West. * History: When consolidating his empire, Seleucus I began a program of "Hellenisation" of his realm; integrating the culture of Greece with the cultures of the East. It was a process that was never fully completed, but in many areas helped weld the empire together under a common culture. This was also beneficial, as it opened up recruitment for the army to the native peoples. * Effect: All units train 20% faster. ==PTOLEMAIC EGYPTIANS SPECIAL TECHNOLOGIES== ST1 * Name: Nile Delta. * History: The Nile Delta was the breadbasket of Egypt and beyond for thousands of years. Like the "Fertile Crescent", the Nile River Basin had annual floods that continuously enriched the surrounding farmlands, ensuring a bountiful harvest for Egyptian farmers. Under Roman control, Egypt supplied Rome with the lion's share of its grain. * Effect: Fields seed instantly. Farming +50% profitable. ST2 * Name: Pharaonic Cult. * History: From its earliest times the Egyptians worshiped their Pharaohs as living gods. The Ptolemies took advantage of this age-old tradition when they came to power. * Effect: Allows dead heroes to be re-trained over the course of the game, though the same hero cannot be trained consecutively. ==MISCELLANEOUS== Editor-Only Units * Generic Name: Bronze Shield Pikeman. * Specific Name: Phalangites Chalkaspis. * Class: Champion Infantry Pikeman. * Armament: Long Macedonian pike, the "sarissa" when in Syntagma, Line, and Box formations. Switches to Greek Xiphos when in any other formation. * Appearance: - Body: Heavily armoured--linothorax or bronze cuirass, bronze greaves, pteruges. - Shield: Small round Macedonian-style pelta shield. Bronze, with embossed Hellenistic designs. - Helmet: Bronze Hellenistic-era helmet styles, with plumes, crests, and feathers. - Figure(s): An example of the officer rank. * History: The Chalkaspides or "Bronze Shields" were units of pikemen fielded by the Macedonians, Seleucids, and by the kingdom of Pontus. * Garrison: 1. * Function: Pikeman, like the Pezhetairos and Egyptian pikeman, but with stronger (Champion) stats. Powerful, but vulnerable to missile units because of their slow speed. Has two ranks, Enlisted and Officer. * Special: "Syntagma" Formation. * Generic Name: Heavy Skirmisher. * Specific Name: Thureophoros. * Class: Mercenary Infantry Skirmisher (Elite rank). * Armament: Javelin. Sword and Scabbard (ornamental). * Appearance: - Body: No armour. May or may not have a cape. Leather boots. - Shield: Flat oval tower shield, the "Thureos." - Helmet: Bronze Hellenistic-era helmet styles, with plumes, crests, and feathers. - Figure(s): None yet. * History: The thureophoroi (singular: thureophoros) was a type of infantry soldier, common in the 3rd to 1st century BCE, who carried a large oval shield called a thureos which had a type of metal strip boss and a central spine. They were armed with a long thrusting spear, javelins and a sword. They also usually wore an iron or bronze Macedonian helmet. The thureos was probably originally an adapted form of a Celtic shield. Thracian and Illyrian infantry probably adopted the shield before the Greeks. However it has been suggested that the thureos was brought to Greece after Pyrrhus of Epirus' campaigns in Italy, as his Oscan allies and Roman enemies used the scutum. Thureophoroi were a 3rd century development on the Peltast and wore no body armor, but did wear sturdy leather boots for quick movement. Thureophoroi could skirmish, as well as fight in a phalanx when necessary. They were often stationed on the flanks of the traditional pike phalanx as a link between the heavier pikemen and the cavalry wings. * Garrison: 1. * Function: Heavy skirmisher. Same speed as other skirmishers, but with more armour. They are classed as a citizen-soldier of the Elite rank, with the corresponding gathering speed and construction abilities. They are also classed as mercenaries, with all the traits that designation entails. * Special: None. * Generic Name: Armoured Swordsman. * Specific Name: Thorakites. * Class: Champion Infantry Swordsman. * Melee Armament: Sword when in most formations. Greek spear, the "dory" when in Phalanx formation. * Ranged Armament (Initial): Javelin. Throws javelin volley first, then closes with sword or spear (depending upon situation above). * Appearance: - Body: Reinforced linothorax or chainmail hauberk. - Shield: Oval tower shield, the "Thureos." - Helmet: Bronze Hellenistic-era helmet styles, with plumes, crests, and feathers. - Figure(s): A perfect example. * History: The Thorakites (plural: Thorakitai) was a soldier similar to thureophoroi. The literal translation of the term is curassiers, which suggests that they may have worn a short Celtic mail shirt or possibly a thorax. Thorakitai were used in armies of the Hellenistic Period in a variety of tactical situations. They were a type of armoured but mobile infantry who did not require a rigid formation to be effective in combat. From their name we can deduce that most wore armour and helmet. They bore a thureos (or thyreos), an oblong shield, and were armed with sword, javelins and spear, which were used according to their tactical use. It seems that the thorakitai were heavily armored thureophoroi, able to bear spears and do battle in a phalanx as well as irregularly attack the enemy in situations when such an action was required for tactical reasons, like to exploit or challenge rough terrain. Thorakitai are mentioned in the army of the Achaian League and in the army of the Seleucids. The Seleucid Thorakitai were used in the storming of the Elburz Range in 210 BC under Antiochus III. They were used with the lighter troops to climb the cliffs and fight hand to hand with the enemy who might have not been dislodged by the lighter troops in the assault. There is a tomb illustration from Sidon showing what could well be a thorakites. The fragmentary inscription indicates that he was an Anatolian. * Garrison: 1. * Function: Flexible Heavy Infantry, much like the Macedonian Hypaspistes, but slightly weaker. * Special: "Phalanx" Formation.

Feedback Transifex : The string "none" (https://www.transife...public/16628371) can be 'male or feminine'. It will translate : "Aucun" into : binaries/data/mods/public/gui/aiconfig/aiconfig.js:9 "Aucune" into : binaries/data/mods/public/gui/gamesetup/gamesetup.js:7 ...................... binaries/data/mods/public/gui/gamesetup/gamesetup.js:292 Unaudited for : binaries/data/mods/public/gui/session/menu.js:267For the French language (inter alia), so we need 2 two separate strings for "none" ------------------------------------------- There are 2 different strings for the description of the Theater, then there is no major difference. - Constructing an expensive Theatron increases the territory expanse of all buildings by 25%. - Constructing a Theatron increases the territory expanse of all buildings by +25%. This description should be common in .json files of: Athenians, Hellenes, Macedonians, Spartans and Thebans, and have only one string in Transiflex. ------------------------------------------- The translation of the string https://www.transife...public/16628388, causes an error because a "%..." is identified as a function : Metal mining gathering rates increased by +10% for each passing age. This error will prevent the registration of all translations do not contain the term % f ditto for : https://www.transife...public/16628394 etc ... ------------------------------------------- There are 2 different strings for the history of the Delian League, then there is a minor difference. - Shortly after the great naval victories at Salamis and Mykale, the Greek city-states instituted the so-called Delian League in 478 BC, whose purpose was to push the Persians out of the Aegean region. The allied states contributed ships and money, while the Athenians offered their entire navy. - Shortly after the great naval victories at Salamis and Mykale, the Greek city-states instituted the so-called Delian League in 478 B.C., whose purpose was to push the Persians out of the Aegean region. The allied states contributed ships and money, while the Athenians offered their entire navy. This description should be common in .json files of: Athenians and Hellenes, and have only one string in Transiflex. ------------------------------------------- There are 2 different strings for the history of the Long Walls, then there is a minor difference. - The Long Walls of Athens were constructed under the auspices of the wily Themistokles and extended 6 km from the city to the port of Piraeus. This secured the city's sea supply routes and prevented an enemy from starving out the city during a siege. - The Long Walls of Athens were constructed under the auspices of the wily Themistocles and extended 6 km from the city to the port of Piraeus. This secured the city's sea supply routes and prevented an enemy from starving out the city during a siege. I find this string only in athen.json (the 2nd had to appear since r13828), ... but should have only one string in Transiflex.

The plan is to make heroes unique, with different bonuses, abilities, and "auras" that affect units around them. Most of these effects will be historically-based depending upon the character of that hero. A few examples:http://trac.wildfire...#ATHENIANHEROES Generic Name: Themistocles. Specific Name: Themistoklês. Class: Hero1. Hacker Armament: Xiphos. Ranged Armament: None. Appearance: Garb: Helmet: No helmet. Shield: Round shield with a coiled snake design. Figure(s): Think of a saltier Maximus from the movie Gladiator. [*]History: The general who persuaded the Athenians to invest their income from silver mines in a war navy of 200 Triremes. A key figure during the Persian Wars, he commanded the victorious Athenian navy at the decisive battle of Salamis in 479 BC. Later, he pursued an active policy against the Persians in the Aegean, thereby laying the foundations of future Athenian power. Ostracised by the Athenians, he was forced to flee to the protection of the Persians. [*]Garrison: 1. [*]Function: Naval Enhancement. [*]Special: "Hero" Aura (When garrisoned in a ship, all nearby war ships are 20% faster. Ships are also 20% cheaper during his lifespan). http://trac.wildfire...s#MAURYANHEROES Generic Name: Acharya Chanakya. Specific Name: Acharya Chanakya. Class: Hero3. Hacker Armament: None. Defenseless. Ranged Armament: None. Defenseless. Appearance: Garb: . Helmet: . Shield: . Figure(s): . [*]History: . [*]Garrison: 1. [*]Function: Technology enhancement. [*]Special: "Teacher" Ability (Has the ability to "empower" a building while it is researching a technology. Technologies will research 50% faster while Chanakya empowers the building.) "Philosopher" Ability (Has the ability to research 4 special technologies only available to him. These technologies are based on his philosophical treatises on economics, governance, and warfare.)

Pleshet or Peleset, were a people who as part of the Sea Peoples appeared in the southern coastal area of Canaan at the beginning of the Iron Age (circa 1175 BC), most probably from the Aegean region. According to the Bible, they ruled the five city-states (the "Philistine Pentapolis") of Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron and Gath, from Wadi Gaza in the south to the Yarqon River in the north, but with no fixed border to the east.[2] The Bible paints them as the Kingdom of Israel's most dangerous enemy

Wonder: Dagon Temple: what you think guys? The results strongly support previous scholarly assertions that the Philistines likely originated from settlements on the Greek mainland, though some may have landed for a time in parts of Cyprus before settling in the land of Southern Canaan. These settlers carried notions of Aegean building traditions with them to their new settlements and built according to the practices of their homeland. While there is strong evidence for cultural contact, there is little support for any assertion that the indigenous populations controlled or built the structures of Philistia proper. Finally, the domestic architecture is used to suggest details regarding Philistine household structure. http://udini.proquest.com/view/philistine-domestic-architecture-in-pqid:1908118151/

Perfect! Thx for letting me know Recollecting issues on random maps (to get an overview about how helpful player restrictions would be): Legend: Connected to number of players to map size ratio. Connected to wall_builder.js in general or specifically to Iberian Civ bonus defensive structures. Connected to not enough space for players bases Not really RMS related General issues: - Iberians on Tiny maps (General issue): By default tiny maps don't grand any defensive capacity to Iberian players. Fix: Only changing the start positions (so they are at least 20 tiles away from the map border) and add player caps can help here IMO so there is enough space to place the Iberian Civ bonus defensive structures. - 8 Iberians on Small maps (General issue): Iberian Walls are to close to each other (shooting at each other right from the beginning of the game). Fix: Only player caps would help here IMO. - Entities inside walls obstruction (General issue): Walls placed with wall_placer.js functionality may be placed on trees. Fix: Grand RMGEN access to the entity templates, add a "remove entity" function to RMGEN, add "remove obstructed entities" to wall_builder.js. - Walls in unreachable areas: Sometimes Iberian walls (or walls placed with wall_placer.js in general) may wind up on cliffs or in water. Fix: Grand players enough room for the walls (20 tiles radius) on Small or bigger maps (Irregularity of the wall still might cause issues). General fix: Make the wall builder check if walls can be placed in that area. For that RMGEN would need access to the entity template data and information about how step the terrain can be to place buildings. - Many RMS take long to be generated (historic_bruno thinks that is a big issue). Fix: More or less complete rewrite of all RMS and eventually the RMGEN API as well (I think this might help but is also a little drastic. Current RMS have issues but are far away from being unplayable). Map specific issues: - Aegean Sea: Unreachable trees on islands. Fix: Check in the Unit AI if target is reachable. - Alpine Lakes: Iberian Walls reach into cliffs and lakes. Fix: Grand the players more space. - Alpine Valley: Iberian Walls reach into cliffs. Fix: Grand the players more space. - Anatolian Plateau: OK. - Archipelago: Not sure how it should work. - Ardennes Forest: Iberian Walls reach into cliffs. Fix: Grand the players more space. - Atlas Mountains: Iberian Walls reach into cliffs. Fix: Grand the players more space. - Belgian Uplands: Iberians get no Civ Bonus defensive buildings. Fix: No idea. The map is not always fair. "Fix": Add a category for random maps that are not as balanced but more realistic or random than the "standard" RMS. - Cantabrian Highlands: Iberian Civ Bonus towers are placed on cliffs. Fix: Add a keyword argument to change the radius of the Iberian Civ Bonus to placeCivDefaultEntities() in rmgen/misk.js. - Canyon: This map causes an error when generated with 1 player. Fix: Hunt down the bug in the code. Iberian Walls reach into cliffs. Fix: Grand the players more space. - Continent: Iberian Walls reach into each other on Small maps with 8 players. Fix: Grand walls to Iberian players only on medium and larger maps or add player caps. - Corinthian Isthmus: Iberian walls/circle of towers excess the map border: Fix: Change players start positions. - Corsica vs Sardinia: Iberian Walls overlap each other and wind up in Cliffs. Fix.: Remove Iberian Civ Bonus defensive structures and add player caps. - Cycladic Archipelago: On Tiny maps islands sometimes are connected. Fix: Add Player caps. - Deep Forest: On big maps the many trees cause huge CPU/GPU usage. Fix: No idea. Formations get stuck in the forest. Fix: Fix Unit AI, Pathfinder and Formation functionality. With high player to map size ratios there is not much wood left on this map. Fix: Not really a bug, it's just nut much space left. The numbers of paths could be reduced though. - English Channel: Iberian walls/circle of towers excess the map border: Fix: Change players start positions or make it a rectangular map.. - Fortress: On tiny maps with 8 players walls overlap. Fix: Add player caps. On small maps with 8 players walls are so close to each other that they might shoot arrows right from the start of the game. - Gear: Iberian Walls reach into water. Fix: Place towers instead. Unreachable trees on island. Fix: Check in the Unit AI if target is reachable. - Guadalquivir River: Iberian Walls overlap. Fix.: Change start positions. - Gulf of Bothnia: Iberian Walls reach into cliffs. Fix: Grand the players more space. - WIP... NOTE: I am just summarizing issues and tell how they could be fixed. That does in no way mean that they have to be fixed like I suggest. IMO we have to gather ways to fix them and then decide what to do. Pointing out things are bad but then rejecting a way to fix them without telling an another suitable way to go does not help so please focus on (alternative) ways to fix issues (and at some point we have to agree on something ofc.).

I support Mythos Ruler´s thinking, they are Minoans because, they Attack Egypt, the Levant People(Hebrws and Canaanites), Hittite Empire. and this people can reach Sicily and the Myceneans, perhaps they support them. and the description of warfare of those people, its very similar to Aegean and Mycenean armors and Weapons.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegean_civilization some info say about early Minoans and the Islander in Aegean Sea

How about we split this mod into teams: One team works on one "DLC Pack" at a time. Each DLC pack can get a new thread (or we can request a new subsection within this subforum) This way it's more organized and easier to sort through all of the research. And of course everyone can collaborate between the teams, but your team would be the DLC pack you feel that you most would like to see in the game. Here is what I'm thinking: Africa DLC: Egyptians (New Kingdom) Nubians A Sub-Saharan Kingdom (not sure yet, but maybe Kush... any ideas?) Aegean/ European DLC: Mycenaeans Minoans Hittites Etruscans Mesopotamian DLC: Assyrians Babylonians Sumerians (maybe Elamites?) Canaanite DLC: Hebrews/ Israelites Phoenicians Nabataeans Any other ideas/ other civs to add?

Also, I was thinking, that way we can all focus on just a single aspect of the mod at a time and it makes organizing the workload a lot easier. (ex: we could all start with Aegean civs and then later move on to doing African civs)

Possibly this can influence the CC. A good blend of indigenous and Hellenic works. http://theseus-aegean.blogspot.com/2012/01/alexandria-ptolemaic-dynasty.html It is. http://en.wikipedia....ple_of_Kom_Ombo The Temple of Kom Ombo is an unusual double temple built during the Ptolemaic dynasty in the Egyptian town of Kom Ombo.[1] Some additions to it were later made during the Roman period. The building is unique because its 'double' design meant that there were courts, halls, sanctuaries and rooms duplicated for two sets of gods.[2] The southern half of the temple was dedicated to the crocodile god Sobek, god of fertility and creator of the world with Hathor and Khonsu.[2] Meanwhile, the northern part of the temple was dedicated to the falcon god Haroeris, also known as Horusthe Elder, along "with Tasenetnofret (the Good Sister, a special form of Hathor) and Panebtawy (Lord of the Two Lands)."[2] The temple is atypical because everything is perfectly symmetrical along the main axis.

[2cents] Okay... how do we paraphrase stuff we learned in school? We don't. So if we write our own explanation, it comes from our head (ergo original). So if I go read about something on Wikipedia (the analogy is that its the school), and then I regurgitate that info, I wouldn't have to attribute it, right? And what if I learned about say the Aegean Sea in geography class or something. I'm not going to attribute my teacher. Yes I'd attribute Wikipedia if it contained analysis or information I didn't know before hand. [/2cents] So how is this... in the license file, we just say there is stuff from Wikipedia in several places. I don't fancy having attributions at the end of tooltips or description boxes.

Here's a couple of problematic files I just found: http://trac.wildfire...aegean_sea.json This file contains snippets from the Wikipedia article about the Aegean Sea. Contrary (perhaps) to popular belief, Wikipedia articles are not public domain. They are licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0 and proper attribution and licensing notices must be given in the game if they are used. See here what that means. http://trac.wildfire...pine_lakes.json This file contains snippets from the Wikipedia articles titled Alps and History of the Alps. http://trac.wildfire...ine_valley.json Same as the above. http://trac.wildfire...an_plateau.json This file contains snippets from the Wikipedia article titled Anatolia. http://trac.wildfire...rchipelago.json This file contains snippets from the Wikipedia article titled Archipelago. http://trac.wildfire...nes_forest.json This file contains snippets from the Wikipedia article titled Ardennes. etc. (I don't mean to single out Spahbod here, these were just the instances I happened upon right now.)