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Genava55
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Posts posted by Genava55
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From Quansheng et al.: Recent advances on reconstruction of climate and extreme events in China for the past 2000 years
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1 hour ago, AIEND said:
I can only find the climate distribution map of modern China, but I haven't found the ancient one, only this map of temperature changes from ancient times to the present.
That's the dataset from Zhu Kezhen, probably made around the 1970s. He was a brillant scientist but at this time the methods in palaeoclimatology were limited. This curve mostly follows the dataset from Camp Century ice core in Greenland. So I would not say it is accurate.
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The term “Protoclassic,” employed regularly but inexplicitly in the literature of lowland Maya archaeology, has become increasingly nebulous and ambiguous in both meaning and usage. This paper reviews the history and use of the term and presents a formal redefinition of the Protoclassic as a ceramic stage based explicitly and exclusively on ceramic criteria. Some suggestions regarding future use of the term also are offered. The paper further addresses and resolves a number of persisting questions regarding Protoclassic orange wares, including problems concerning the actual existence of the “Aguacate ceramic group.” and the relationships of Aguacate-group pottery to other emergent orange wares of the terminal Late Preclassic and initial Early Classic periods. The nature and significance of the “Holmul I Style,” the “Floral Park Ceramic Sphere.” and the relationships of the two to each other and the larger, redefined “protoclassic” ceramic stage also are examined. A spatial distribution for protoclassic ceramics considerably expanded over what has ever been reported previously is described, and Chronometric data are presented to support a revised chronology for the protoclassic ceramic stage. Finally, ceramic data are offered that suggest a real subdivision of the protoclassic ceramic stage into an early, emergent facet originating entirely within Late Preclassic lowland traditions, and a later, fully “Classic” facet corresponding to the early Tzakol (Tzakol 1) ceramic horizon.
QuoteBoth the IDAEH and NAP investigations at Nakum yielded copious evidence of occupation and architectural activity pertaining to the poorly known Protoclassic or Terminal Preclassic period. This period was characterized by drastic socio-political changes in the Maya Lowlands, resulting in the abandonment of many Maya centers. The Protoclassic is defined as a transitional phase dividing the Preclassic and Classic eras (ca. 100/50 B.C.–A.D. 300), which witnessed the collapse of many Maya cities (notably including El Mirador, the presumed capital of the first Lowland Maya protostate), and the growth of new powers along with the founding of new dynasties. In terms of the ceramic material, the Protoclassic is especially marked by the appearance and spread of the first polychrome ceramics in the Maya area.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00934690.2018.1438690
QuoteThe era of transition between the Late Preclassic (300 B.C. – A.D. 250) and the Early Classic (A.D. 250-550) Periods is one which saw great change within ancient Maya society. This change is reflected in the ceramics of this transitional era. Ceramicists have had difficulty isolating distinct ceramic complexes within the transitional era and have instead tended to focus on specific stylistic markers (e.g., mamiform tetrapods) that were thought to be hallmarks for this transition. These stylistic markers became known as the “Protoclassic” and, while easily identified, they were never securely anchored within broader patterns of change. To this day the Protoclassic Period remains enigmatic within Maya archaeology. There are disagreements on whether or not the term should be used in Maya archaeology and, if used, how and to what the term should refer. Much of what has been used to identify the Protoclassic falls within the realm of ceramics and, thus, that data class will be the primary one utilized here. This paper first examines the history of and use of the term Protoclassic in Maya archaeology; it then uses data from Caracol, Belize to assess the relevance of the term both to Maya Studies and to interpretations of ancient Maya society.The era of transition between the Late Preclassic (300 B.C. – A.D. 250) and the Early Classic (A.D. 250-550) Periods is one which saw great change within ancient Maya society. This change is reflected in the ceramics of this transitional era. Ceramicists have had difficulty isolating distinct ceramic complexes within the transitional era and have instead tended to focus on specific stylistic markers (e.g., mamiform tetrapods) that were thought to be hallmarks for this transition. These stylistic markers became known as the “Protoclassic” and, while easily identified, they were never securely anchored within broader patterns of change. To this day the Protoclassic Period remains enigmatic within Maya archaeology. There are disagreements on whether or not the term should be used in Maya archaeology and, if used, how and to what the term should refer. Much of what has been used to identify the Protoclassic falls within the realm of ceramics and, thus, that data class will be the primary one utilized here. This paper first examines the history of and use of the term Protoclassic in Maya archaeology; it then uses data from Caracol, Belize to assess the relevance of the term both to Maya Studies and to interpretations of ancient Maya society.
The era of transition between the Late Preclassic (300 B.C. – A.D. 250) and the Early Classic (A.D. 250-550) Periods is one which saw great change within ancient Maya society. This change is reflected in the ceramics of this transitional era. Ceramicists have had difficulty isolating distinct ceramic complexes within the transitional era and have instead tended to focus on specific stylistic markers (e.g., mamiform tetrapods) that were thought to be hallmarks for this transition. These stylistic markers became known as the “Protoclassic” and, while easily identified, they were never securely anchored within broader patterns of change. To this day the Protoclassic Period remains enigmatic within Maya archaeology. There are disagreements on whether or not the term should be used in Maya archaeology and, if used, how and to what the term should refer. Much of what has been used to identify the Protoclassic falls within the realm of ceramics and, thus, that data class will be the primary one utilized here. This paper first examines the history of and use of the term Protoclassic in Maya archaeology; it then uses data from Caracol, Belize to assess the relevance of the term both to Maya Studies and to interpretations of ancient Maya society.
http://www.caracol.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/ACDC2018.pdf
From a 2016 book, titled "The Origins of Maya States":
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35 minutes ago, ChronA said:
Maybe there are some valid cybersecurity arguments why one would not want to support a feature like that, but this might be a case this requires soberly considering a tradeoff. 0AD is niche entertainment software with an active user base of a few thousands maybe, it's not exactly a prime target for black hats to exploit. Maybe at worst someone with a grudge might think use this nefariously against specific objects of their ire.
Hackers are targeting everything. There are some groups specialized in massive attacks against specific targets but most hackers are alone and independant, looking for easy targets to keep them busy, to learn new tricks and to earn a bit of fame.
Sadly, security is mandatory everywhere and people thinking otherwise are naive.
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On 20/04/2022 at 10:13 AM, wowgetoffyourcellphone said:
Pathfinding looks broken as Hell
Really? Honestly, do you really find it broken? Because I am quite surprised, the game still managed to be playable with such population and movements.
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A nice reenactment of a 1st century BC legionary with a real bronze helmet
Blog post from Res-Bellica about the Montefortino helmet:
https://www.res-bellica.com/en/montefortino-type-helmets-a-chronology/
SpoilerA bronze helmet
A brass helmet:
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The principal ores used in the Roman iron industry were iron oxides (haematite, goethite, limonite, magnetite), carbonates (siderite) and, less commonly, weathered hydrated silicates and sulphides ores might be used [44]. The ore was broken up, then roasted to remove water and carbon dioxide and to increase permeability. The particle size produced would be somewhere between 5 and 20 mm in diameter. This preparation was often carried out near the ore source [45], although the furnaces were not necessarily in the same location. Roasted ore is found at smelting sites but the roasting sites themselves may be more difficult to identify. During the smelting process, the fragmented ore was reduced and metallic iron formed, sometimes forming as a skin on the surface of the ore particles, [46] and agglomerated in the hottest part of the furnace near the tuyères. At a temperature between 1100°C and 1300°C, molten slag was produced from the gangue, (mainly silica, lime, and alumina) which drained to the bottom of the furnace with unreduced iron oxide. It was removed either by tapping, while liquid, or as a solid block when the furnace cooled, depending on the design of the furnace.
- Roman iron and steel: A review. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 32(7-8), 857–866.
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On 04/04/2022 at 8:40 PM, haris.1978 said:
1. οταν κανει παυση καποιος παικτης να του βγανει ενα ρολοι με αντιστροφη μετρηση ωστε να μην εχει απεριοριστη παυση(προτεινω 3 λεπτα).
Hi. Welcome here.
The idea of a limited pause has already been suggested in the past:
I don't know if anything has been done in this regard.
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22 hours ago, AIEND said:
Kushite is now using the same Assyrian battering ram as Persian, I know this is definitely not the reality, but has anyone researched this, if we want to make a new model of the Kushite battering ram, what would it look like of?
We talked a bit about this there:
Also debated there:
And it is also related to this decision:
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20 hours ago, Stan` said:
Thanks! So it is a significant cause of the lag but in a different way than I thought. The suggestion is interesting, it would reduce the amount of computation by workers.
21 hours ago, Stan` said:That would be => [Differential] D2372 [WIP] - Support for mining. (wildfiregames.com)
Nice. But we could go further, the resources could be directly sent to the player instead of being carried to another building. Like this it would further decrease the computation cost for late game.
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On 05/04/2019 at 8:41 PM, Nescio said:
The way I see it, mine slots won't have to be enormous. It could be visually pleasing to have one or more mine slots near large hills or cliffs, but in principle they could be placed anywhere on the map.
Cossacks for comparison:
Mine slot + structure in red, farmstead in blue, storehouse in green, several small rocks for stone in yellow.
I wonder if there would be also a benefit in performance of having mine structures with villagers garrisoned inside.
What proportion of the lag is due to workers movements (or pathfinding calculation)?
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1 hour ago, no name yet said:
AIEND様の云う通り、アイヌと北東アジア人との遺伝子的なつながりを指摘する研究や身体的特徴の証言はあると聞いたことがあります。ただし、今現在純血のアイヌ人は存在しないとも云われているようです。
政治的工作としてそのことが使われる懸念があります。
具体的には今軍事力を使って隣国の領土を奪取しそうな国のうち3つがアイヌを自国民であると主張しています。
中国と北朝鮮とロシアです。
中国はアイヌが中国人であると主張しています。
北朝鮮はアイヌが朝鮮人であると主張しています。
ロシアはアイヌがロシア人であると主張しています。
ここ数年前から、自国民保護を言い訳にしたロシアの日本への軍事侵攻があるのではないかと日本人の一部が心配していました。
アイヌの権利要求団体がロシアに買収されたのかは知りませんが、アイヌの団体がプーチン大統領宛の「北日本のロシアへの併合とアイヌ自治州を要望する趣旨の要望書」を送り、インターネットにも公開していました。現在は削除済。
アーカイブをここにリンクします。
【魚拓】ウラジーミル・プーチン大統領あての要望書 - アイヌ政策検討市民会議 (archive.ph)
ちょくちょくアイヌの団体が問題を起こすニュースを見ます。
例えば、アイヌが漁業資源を維持するための禁漁期間を定める法律や条例を破り、見つかるとアイヌ差別や先住権を主張します。
https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/20/asia/japan-ainu-indigenous-peoples-bill-intl/index.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/03/world/asia/03ainu.html
We won't question that the Ainu are natives here, this is the consensus.
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On 11/04/2022 at 4:27 PM, Ultimate Aurelian said:
Maybe these or the round pattern on cuirasses could be used for Gauls emblem?
Since the current round shield is innacurate.
Could also have the wheel of Taranis or one of the Gallic coins.
Sure. It can be used without issue. In general using the original art to decorate structures or models should be a good initiative.
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19 minutes ago, PyrrhicVictoryGuy said:
This is about the linen legion right?
Yes, the Samnites are described in length in the book 9 and 10 of Livy's history of Rome
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Concerning the topic of single geaves, this is attested by an account, Livy:
LIVY, 9, 40: Equal danger, and an issue equally glorious, soon after attended the war with the Samnites; who, besides their many preparations for the field, made their army to glitter with new decorations of their armour. [2] Their troops were in two divisions, one of which had their shields embossed with gold, the other with silver. The shape of the shield was this; broad at the middle to cover the breast and shoulders, the summit being flat, sloping off gradually so as to become pointed below, that it might be wielded with ease; [3] a cuirass also served as a protection for the breast, and the left leg was covered with a greave; their helmets were adorned with plumes, to add to the appearance of their stature. [4] The golden-armed soldiers wore tunics of various colours; the silver-armed, of white linen. To the latter the right wing was assigned; the former took post on the left. [5] The Romans had been apprized of these splendid accoutrements, and had been taught by their commanders, that “a soldier ought to be rough; not decorated with gold and silver, but placing his confidence in his sword.
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16 minutes ago, Grapjas said:
This discussion is pretty interesting. it is noted that romans typically wore their sword on the right side seemingly regardless of what hand you are fighting with.
25 minutes ago, AIEND said:In addition, it has little to do with the shape of the shield. This is mainly because the sword at this time is relatively short, the scabbard is on the right side of the body, and the sword is drawn upwards faster. You can't do this if the sword is longer than 80cm.
Celts wore their swords on the right side, even at the end of iron age when the swords reached very long sizes. This is attested by classical accounts and native depictions.
Edit: also this is correct that the Centurions wore their swords on the left as a distinctive feature. This is corroborated by funerary stelae.
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5 hours ago, Alar1k said:
Overall I see kennel as a potential differentiation of Britons from Gauls
I am not against the kennel, I said it in my first message in this thread. Further, people asked me my opinion about the kennel and I simply said what I think about the design.
The recruitment of the dogs can be done through a dedicated building (a kennel), through the houses or through the stables.
From an archaeological point of view, most buildings were what we call "roundhouses", with only a few different features although they still had dedicated functions/purposes. But obviously, we cannot have every building in the game depicted as roundhouses. So it is acceptable to drift from historical accuracy. However, it is important to make it credible and senseful/meaningful.
I think the Britons can be unique by being a civ focusing on skirmishing and mobility (basically guerrilla tactics). War chariots are a relatively unique feature they got access to in the second phase. I also suggested to highlight the bodypainting/tattooing tradition of the Britons but it would require new talents. If the two-handed swordsmen got removed due to their historical inaccuracy (it was really a fantasy unit), there is still an unique feature of British Iron Age that isn't depicted in the game, some warriors seem to have carried their sword on the back. This is still a simple one-handed sword but at least it is visually distinct. Finally the war dogs are indeed an interesting feature but it seems important to balance it correctly.
In my opinion, a war dog should be an unit delivering a lot of damage, moving quickly but being particularly fragile. This is the current direction in the game. I also think they would have been probably efficient against light infantry and cavalry. However the question of how they should be recruited is important because it seems to be the point debated. Personally I think the war dogs should be efficient as a defensive tool in the village phase (quick recruitment and movement) and should become more useful as an offensive tool during the town phase. One way to deal with it is to enable their recruitment from the houses directly at the first phase and enabling the research of some technologies during the town phase from the stables, to improve the war dogs and make them meaningful offensively. Such technologies could be simply converting the dogs from "hunting dogs" to "war dogs" as both were attested by historical accounts.
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5 hours ago, Stan` said:
Mmmh could be a stable upgrade ?
It could work yes.
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On 12/03/2022 at 2:41 PM, Stan` said:
Should we use something like what's proposed there http://battlebrothersgame.com/dev-blog-67-progress-update-specialized-shops/
A building with cages or something.
That's a way to interpret dog breeding. However, were dogs kept and bred in cages in the past? Not really, at least not the hunting dogs. You won't have good behaving dogs by mistreating them. During medieval times, hunting dogs were treated a bit like horses. They had people to take care of them, they had a place where to live and stay warm, a field where to exercise etc. The book "Livre de Chasse" by Gaston Phoebus gives plenty of descriptions and of depictions of the hunting dogs and their condition.
Spoiler
SpoilerThese animals, with the working greyhounds, were excellently cared for. Wealthy owners set up astonishingly high standards of kennel management, described in careful detail in Gaston de Foix’s ‘Traité de la Chasse’. The kennel where the hounds sleep, he says, should be built of wood a foot clear of the ground, with a loft for greater coolness in summer and warmth in winter, and it should also have a chimney to warm the occupants when they are cold or wet.
It should be enclosed in a sunny yard, and the door should be left open so that ‘the houndes may go withoute to play when them liketh for it is grete likyng for the houndes whan thei may goon in and out at their lust’ – as every dog lover knows. Hounds should be taken for a walk once or twice a day and allowed to run and play ‘in a fair medow in the sun’, and must be taken to a spot where they may eat grass to heal themselves if they are sick.
The kennel is to be cleaned every morning and the floor thickly strewn with straw, renewed daily. The hounds are to be given fresh water twice a day and rubbed down with straw each morning. The staple food is bran bread, with meat from the chase, and game to be killed specially for them even out of the regular hunting season. Sick hounds may be given more fancy diets, such as goat’s milk, bean broth, chopped meat, or buttered eggs.
Most of the kennel chores were performed by a dog-boy, an embryo huntsman who was expected to start learning his trade at the age of about seven and who, in addition to his other duties, had to learn the names and colours of the hounds and how to spin horsehair for their couplings. Besides this, he or some other child must be constantly in the kennel to prevent fights, even at night. In addition, it is laid down, in the uncompromising fashion of the age, that he should love his master and the hounds, and, furthermore, that he should be beaten if he fails to do as he is told.
https://www.historytoday.com/miscellanies/world-medieval-dogdom
And ancient war dogs were probably treated similarly.
On 12/03/2022 at 2:41 PM, Stan` said:Or do you have a suggestion for an interesting building that could increase briton diversity
A large building like the stables or the barracks could work.
You add a fence around the building. You can add a few cages with wild animals inside, suggesting they were used to train them.
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4 hours ago, LetswaveaBook said:
I assumed that we had good art for the kennel, but @Carltonus encouraged me to check it out. We have an older post on the forum that also shows the limitiations of the kennel
Indeed the kennel is badly designed. The problem is that people doesn't want to check what was a kennel in the past and prefer thinking on their own (and after they are surprised it was wrong). Preconceived ideas and an excessive amount of modern representations through cartoons and movies are making people to believe a kennel is a tiny single house for a dog. Anyone can check what was a medieval kennel and how it looked, it would be already a good start to realize that the idea of a tiny kennel is bad. So yeah, the current kennel is a lazy model with the least amount of critical thinking and realism.
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I think there are using both (spear, sword), even javelins, from a historical point of view. Something to consider is that it is motivated by gameplay, swords are much better in the game than spears.
And xiphos and machaira/kopis aren't that short. There are long ones:
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Caral, the oldest pre-Hispanic civilization
in Game Modification
Posted
In English, I suggest those articles:
Dating Caral, a Preceramic Site in the Supe Valley on the Central Coast of Peru
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12010372_Dating_Caral_a_Preceramic_Site_in_the_Supe_Valley_on_the_Central_Coast_of_Peru
The Evolution of Social Institutions in the Central Andes
The chapter traces the evolution of complex socio-political institutions in the Andes from their appearance in the north coast of Peru at the end of the 4th millennium BCE to the sprawling Inca Empire of the fifteenth century CE. For each period, the author describes the kinds of social institutions that developed among the varied societies of this vast region. The evolutionary process centers on monumental architecture requiring coordinated labor. After two millennia of complex social development, state societies emerged by coopting trade networks and barter fairs. The states focused on the control of roads and strategic colonies throughout their region. An elite style of architecture and statecraft was based on earlier, nonstate political, and economic institutions. These grew slowly and lasted for at least a half a millennium. State collapse was followed by political and social realignments, the context for the rapid growth of the Inca Empire in the fifteenth century. Unlike the first states, the Inca Empire was characterized by contiguous provinces and an imperial bureaucracy that administered dozens of distinct ethnic groups and provinces. The earlier relationships between trade, production, and distribution were coopted by the Inca into a grand imperial strategy of population concentration and the creation of industrial enclaves. The rapid rise of the Inca was followed by its relatively quick political collapse at the hands of European invaders.
https://docdro.id/EpB1Td1
And this thesis:
Caral and the rise to civilization in the Norte Chico Peru