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aCanthis, obviously

Again on 28 Oct 2026: 500 Internal Server Error Gitea Version: 1.26.4+1-g1ac57c9699

Ok thanks, I figured it out. So, we need to submit that on mod.io, not the one without those files?

How about: Cute caustic cats cutting cold carbonated chilly, continually cooking cool cucumber chips celebrating californium carbide; Considering collective credible creativity covering chaos conquering cool corrosive cookies changing current Carthage; challenging cheese community could corrupt cool codenames! Chasing cool carbonated calfinoium closet cats considering crazy codenames could cause caustic cancer continually close-to California! Collectively, cool codenames co-exist!

I'm deleting my contribution notes but I think this one I wrote down in May is worth leaving here since it addresses some clear issues with the previous answers (although the point has already been made, but even more clearly here). I just didn't care to post it, still really don't, but it has some interesting information (even when the mentality of not giving much worth to these type of contributions has been recently demonstrated):   Are you even aware that my screenshot is from your own reference Towards a New Edition of the Épinal-Erfurt Glossary, by Michael W. Herren and Hans Sauer, from 2016? Why wasn't it an "appeal to authority" when you used it? Or when you quote anything at all?   That's not "completely illogical", but just how language works. The word tuun did designate village because they could be an 'enclosure', after all Kluge "mentions OE betȳnan (a derivative of tūn), "to enclose, hedge in", before quoting this highly significant sentence found in the ASC (about the foundation of Bamborough in 547): "sēō wæs ǣrost mid hecge betȳned and þǣr æfter mid wealle" ("it/which was first enclosed by a hedge and then by a wall"). In his OE dictionary, Borden gives us an exhaustive list of all the meanings of tūn (within a semantic continuum between what is smallest and what is largest at both ends): "enclosed place; dwelling, enclosure, garden, field, yard, farm, manor; homestead, house, mansion; group of houses, village, town"", while the meaning of "'village' must have arisen at an early date as shown among other things by the numerous names in -tūn, even -ingatum found in Normandy and the Boulogne district and apparently due to early Saxon colonization in the district. Saxons are mentioned here by Gregory of Tours in the 6th century", when already "in the Vth century, Saxons became "permanent settlers" in northern and western Gaul" (https://www.persee.fr/doc/bamed_0240-8805_2017_num_90_1_1160), and all this is so well documented (even you couldn't avoid quoting a translation contradicting your own position) "that I don't understand how you can't see it". In addition, although in Classical Latin conpetum/conpitum means "cross-roads", by the time of the EE glossary settlements would have developed at many of these junctions (https://www1.leiza.de/transformation/posterexposition/transformationposter08uk.pdf), and this really doesn't have much to do with just a single farm. That's why the combination of tuun and conpetum, used to describe þrop, is translated as "village or hamlet" by the people specifically studying the EE glossary, who were cited by you in the first place. Besides, the letter C, under which this translation is placed, was extensively reviewed between 2022 and 2023, if not also more recently (https://epinal-erfurt.artsci.utoronto.ca/index.php/corrections). None of this changes because of particular and/or outdated quotes that have been of course considered in the bigger picture already.   As mentioned, you already cited a current relevant reference specifically focused on what those early OE glosses say. When shown its actual translations in my screenshot, you disavowed it, accused me of "appeal to authority", and now found instead, first, some 2009 random reference dealing with another subject, and then another from an author who died over 60 years ago. This cherry-picking leads nowhere. But sure, let's use that old Oxford dictionary, let's compare the haimaz and þurpą OE cognates, that is, ham and thorp, using your new (older) reference: "ham from the first meant 'home, homestead'" (which you completely ignored), while for þrop "its meaning is doubtful", and was used "possibly in the sense of hamlet" (and similar things you quoted), which is what I've been saying all along, and the actual point of the discussion you are just dancing around: originally haimaz was ambiguous and more related to home or house, while þurpą was some kind of larger, whatever small, settlement. It doesn't need to refer to a full-blown "village" to be the better option for Phase 1 (and you are just returning yet again to the point of where you would put the line between a hamlet and a village at that time anyway, which is not even necessary).   All that should be way more than enough, but let's take it further and do what I've been mentioning all along regarding other languages: look at the Celtic branch, for instance. According to the Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic, by Ranko Matasović, and taking a step back, the PIE cognate of þurpą, treb, is reconstructed as "settlement" (often just "dwelling"). Moving forwards, Proto-Celtic trebā is reconstructed as "settlement", as is Proto-Brythonic treβ. Are those also wrong, according to you? Let's look at immediate descendants for which there are actual texts (of course, you should cross-check everything): For Old Welsh, a very early attestation of the cognate treb can be found in margin entries of the 8th century Lichfield Gospels (the Old Welsh text added at most in the 9th century, according to the Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru). It says "Osdendit ista scriptio quod dederunt ris et luith grethi treb guidauc", which in the Palaeographia Sacra Pictoria, by J. O. Westwood, is rendered into Latin and modern Welsh as "Ostendit ista scriptio quod dederunt Rhesus et familia Gretlii Trev wydhog… (nomen loci)", where this Trev wydhog (Trefwyddog) is clearly big enough to be a named place. There are plenty of sources addressing this: Studies in Celtic History, edited by Broun, Ní Mhaonaigh and Pryce, states "'Lanecros' was a grange of Talley Abbey, occupying the eastern part of the parish between the rivers Camddwr and Twrch. Originally this had been a much larger estate, Trefwyddog, recorded as a marginal grant of mid-ninth-century date to Llandeilo in the Lichfield Gospel", clearly making a tref "much larger" than a grange, that is, a farm estate. The Agrarian History of England and Wales, by Joan Thirsk, discusses the previous case and defines multiple times the term tref as a township. In the Aberystwyth Studies, by Members of the University College of Wales, the 10th century codification of the Laws by Hywel Dda are mentioned, which define "the homestead, tyddyn, was somewhat less than four acres in extent. A tref consisted of 256 acres", showing how "much larger" a tref is compared to a homestead. I also checked for Old Breton, but it's hard to get a grasp on sizes, although in A Dictionary of Old Breton, by C. Evans and L. Fleuriot, the derivative "trebou" is given as a "division of a parish", and this is not just someone's farmstead, given one can refer to "elements within the parish, such as a particular settlement and its fields", as The Oxford Handbook of Later Medieval Archaeology in Britain, by C.M. Gerrard and A. Gutiérrez, states. On the other hand, and using the same sources, the PIE cognate of haimaz, ḱóymos, is reconstructed as "of the home, belonging to the family". Moving forwards, Proto-Celtic koymo is reconstructed as "dear, nice", as is Proto-Brythonic kʉβ̃. For Welsh cu is translated preferably as "dear, beloved, amiable, pleasant", and for Old Breton cum is translated as "sweet, dear". I'm not going to go through more immediate descendants like with the þurpą cognates because the point should be beyond clear by now. The point is: already with PIE cognates, þurpą seems to relate to a settlement (whatever small, more than enough to describe Phase I), and haimaz to something much more ambiguous, related to what's homely (not as appropriate to describe Phase I). In other languages where the cognate of þurpą is closer to a farm, the cognate of haimaz is still closer to what I've mentioned (for example in Old Irish). The only one I've come across seemingly inverting this relation is, you guessed it, Gothic, with haims meaning village (sometimes country anyway) and þaurp meaning farm (in only one instance anyway). There could be a few others, but considering what has just been said, the evidence you have tried to put forward is incomplete, circumstantial and unrepresentative, that is, Gothic closeness to PGmc is no guarantee of anything without the proper comparative studies. What is your explanation for all that has been mentioned? That both developments happened independently in the Germanic and Celtic languages? That there was a massive horizontal transfer? That the current PIE (and their descendants) reconstructions are somehow wrong? All with what evidence? Those who reconstructed all these languages back to PIE agree that the meanings I state were present at least back then (which is why I mentioned PIE in the first place long ago without explaining much, to which you remarked "I don't see any relevance in this line of argument", hopefully now it's clearer).   I left this one for last just to make more evident how absurdly it comes across, more so considering that you tried to wield the EE glossary while ignoring not only that it's included in the Corpus (one of the first things to know about it), but that its contents state what I say (as per my screenshot from your own specific reference). I even used the dictionary you tried to run to after that to expose both definitions (of ham and thorp), and then compared with the Celtic branch (not even needed, but it seems you are a bit stuck "repeating the same appeal to authority over and over"). So, don't fall into the apparent local tradition of denigrating people when you disagree with something, it doesn't further your argument, quite the contrary.   In conclusion, it's not correct to assume that þurpą (cognates) only meant at most a single farmstead at that stage, and less so that the meaning only changed to some kind of small settlement much later in the Germanic branch (with OHG), unconvincingly implying that it also happened independently in the Celtic branch. Its "crowd" etymology has been discussed already, and reinforces all this. The stated ambiguity of haimaz (cognates) is also constantly reinforced. It is then quite clear then why the accepted PGmc reconstructions say what they say, and why there are no sufficient arguments for any revisionism.   Anyway, that was mildly fun. I'm not reading the forum any more so I leave it to someone more impartial that might be able to deal with the matter, like @Ultimate Aurelian.