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Undo

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  1. Since the day I've seen this project, I have always wanted to help! Unfortunately, I have few computer skills... I know more or less how to work with Corel PhotoPaint... I am quite good at modelling 3D buildings in Sketchup, but I guess that doesn't suit you. The only things I think I could do are: 1) Drawing icons/portraits/landscapes, etc., because I would just have to handdraw and then scan them. 2) Translating the game to Portuguese. I can do it for sure, I've already made unofficial translations for 3 games, but I suppose the translating phase is far away.
  2. Undo

    Gaesats

    Well, I didn't understand anything, but... What is the answer, then?
  3. Undo

    Gaesats

    Interesting you mentioned that. Will each type of unit have different personalities?
  4. My reference book says: The Greek cavalry was not formed until the middle of the 5th Century BC. It was not in evidence at the battle of Marathon (490 BC) or later at Plataeus, but then the exploits of the Persian cavalary during the wars against the Medes inspired the Greeks to form a cavalry arm.
  5. It's not an invention of mine: If this was the situation in the 16th century, it's almost certain that it was the same some centuries ago too. He is me
  6. I would suggest Basque, because there is also few information on the origins of Basque - some people even say Basque is a leftover of ancient Iberian dialects. Spanish has its roots in Latin, so it wouldn't be a very good option, would it? But if you choose Spanish, don't forget the fact that Old Spanish sounded very differently than today's Spanish - some say it sounded more or less like Portuguese.
  7. Have you decided already what are you going to do with Iberians? Because there is almost no clue about the Iberian language...
  8. Hey nice feature there.
  9. I can do the Portuguese translation... Titus Ultor has already told me he was counting on me. I've translated 3 computer games, and in this moment I'm translating Age of Empires 3 and Medieval 2 Total War.
  10. Speak for yourself. M2TW is heavy for me pc.
  11. You see, a lot of people find micromanagement the most addicting thing in RTS games... It's difficult to please Greeks and Trojans, as we say in Portugal.
  12. Here is the first part of my translation of a book on History of Portugal: The Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula began with the Second Punic War (218-201 BC), which opposed Rome and Carthage, the greatest powers of the Mediterranean at that time. In August 218 BC, Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio, commanding a fleet which carried two legions, landed in the Greek city of Ampurias. Then, the Romans developed a series of military operations which ended, in 206 BC, with the expulsion of the Carthaginians from Hispania, after the surrender of the city of Gadir (Cádis). In the end of the Second Punic War the Romans dominated all the east and south coast of the Peninsula, up to the left margin of the river Guadalquivir. Although the hostilities with the Carthaginians were over, Rome continued the war, but with the Peninsular people this time. This first phase of the conquest occurred outside the current Portuguese territory. According to literary sources, the first armed confrontation between Lusitanians and Romans occurred in 194 or perhaps 193 BC. The bad economic situation of the Lusitanians – mainly the ones who lived in the mountainous regions between the Douro and the Tagus – forced them to sack the richer regions of the Guadalquivir valley. When they were retiring loaded with the plunder, they were unexpectedly confronted with Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica, praetor of Hispania Ulterior, who defeated them near Ilipa (Alcalá del Rio, Seville). In 191 or 190 BC, Lucius Aemilius Paulus lost 6000 soldiers in a battle against the Lusitanians, who had again attacked the southern territories, already subjected to Rome. But in 189 BC, as reported by Titus Livy, Lucius managed to defeat the Lusitanians, helped by some contingency forces of Hispanic soldiers. In the years of 188-187 BC, the Lusitanians and the Celtiberians attacked again the lands of the Roman allies in the Ulterior. Near the city of Hasta, they are defeated by Gaius Atinius, praetor of Ulterior, who afterwards captured this city which had supported the Lusitanians. A large army commanded by Lucius Quincy Crispin and Gaius Calpurnius Piso, governors of Citerior and Ulterior, respectively, was routed by Celtiberians and Lusitanians in the region of Toledo, in 185 BC. The Romans probably lost 5,000 men, but in the following year, they achieved a clear victory. This may have brought some tranquility, because there is only news of new skirmishes between the Romans and the Lusitanians in 181 and 178 BC, unfavorable for the latter. The Lusitanian raids reinitiated in 155 BC. Commanded by Punic and dragging their oriental neighbors – the Vetons – along, they attacked the Ulterior, inflicting a heavy defeat to praetors Manius Manlius and L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, who lost 6000 soldiers. Punic died in the expedition and was succeeded by Caesarus, who was defeated in a first skirmish, in 153 BC, by L. Mummius. However, in that very year, he achieved a surprising victory which caused Romans to lose 9000 soldiers. Another group of Lusitanians, whose leader was Caucenus, headed for Algarve – already integrated in the Ulterior province – taking Conistorgis, a city of uncertain localization. Afterwards, the Lusitanians went to the Moroccan territory through the Gibraltar strait, sacking and besieging the city of Ocile (Arzila). Mummius pursued and completely annihilated them. In 152 BC, Atilius Serranus defeated the Lusitanians again, taking their capital city, Oxthracas, of uncertain localization. In the following year, Servius Sulpicius Galba, the new Ulterior governor, achieved another victory for the Romans. Thrilled with the triumph, Galba pursued the Lusitanians, suffering then a heavy defeat, in which he lost 7,000 soldiers. In 150 BC, the Citerior governor Lucius Licinius Lucullus helped Galba, violently repressing the Lusitanians: in a first encounter he killed 4,000; afterwards he eliminated more 1500 Lusitanians, and he also made a lot of prisoners, selling them as slaves when they tried to cross the sea to North Africa. After this disaster, the Lusitanians tried to negotiate, and sent a group of ambassadors. These were well-received by Galba, who promised them lands distribution. The Lusitanians concentrated themselves in the places proposed by Galba, but after putting aside their weapons, they were besieged and killed, 8000 in number, according to Valerius Maximus. Apianus says that among the few ones who escaped there was Viriato. In 139 BC, Galba was judged in court because of his criminal behavior; however, he was absolved. Despite suffering all these reverses, approximately 10,000 Lusitanians penetrated Turdetania (Valley of the river Guadalquivir) in 147 or maybe 148 BC. Praetor Gaius Vetilius went to besiege them. The Lusitanians were predisposed to surrender themselves in exchange for lands, but at that moment Viriato came forth, opposing himself to the negotiations, recalling the Roman perfidy. Exhorting his companions to the fight, Viriato was elected leader of the Lusitanians and commanded the operations which allowed them to escape the Roman siege. Vetilius pursued the Lusitanians, but he was defeated near Tribola, being arrested and then killed. The Roman army – initially consisting of 10,000 soldiers – was reduced to 6,000 men when it retired to Carteia under the command of quaestor Gaius Vetilius, who sent an ally army of 5,000 Celtiberians against Viriato, unsuccessfully. Who was Viriato? Nothing is known about his ascendance, although his humble origin seems clear. Date and place of born are also unknown; we can only consider him a native from the region between the Douro and the Tagus. Literary sources describe him as a shepherd and hunter who, later, participated in robberies in rich settlements and expeditions against the Romans, thus becoming an expert warrior. In 146 BC, Viriato headed for Carpetania, and C. Plaucius Hipseus, successor of Vetilius in the government of Ulterior, went to fight him with an army of 10,000 infantry soldiers and 1,300 knights. Simulating an escape, which was a tactic adopted many times by the Lusitanians, Viriato managed to attract a part of the Roman army, approximately 4,000 men, who are severely punished. After this victory, Viriato crossed the Tagus, camping on the mountain of Venus (the mountains of São Vicente, north of Talavera), where he was attacked by Plaucius, who was defeated again. At that time, Viriato took the city of Segobriga and also won over Claudius Unimanus, praetor of Citerior. With all these Lusitanian victories, all the province of Ulterior – mainly the occidental regions – were seriously threatened. Aware of this grave situation, Rome sent in 145 BC a consular army of 15,000 infantry soldiers and 2,000 knights to the Ulterior, commanded by Quintus Fabius Maximus Emilianus, brother of Scipio Africanus. Viriato defeated G. Nigidius, successor of Unimanus in the Citerior, while Fabius Maximus Emilianus carefully avoided any decisive confrontation, restricting his activities to studying the reactions of the enemy and training his soldiers. In the second year of his mandate, Fabius defeated Viriato, helped by G. Lely Sapientae, praetor of Citerior, and then took a Lusitanian-friendly city and burnt another. Consequently, Viriato had to abandon the valley of Guadalquivir, sheltering himself in the city of Baecula, currently Bailéon. In 143 BC, the war extended to Celtiberia, whose oriental part was already dominated by the Romans, and where Viriato instigated the mobilization of the @#$%, the Bels and the Arevacs. Quincy, praetor of Ulterior, managed to win over Viriato, who strategically retreated to the mountain of Venus and successfully fought back, taking the Romans who had gone after him by surprise. While Quincy was running away to Cordoba, the Lusitanians took Tucci (current city of Martos, southwest of Jaén) and invaded the region of Bastetania. Sources do not refer important military operations during 142 BC. But, in the following year, Rome tried to eliminate the Lusitanian problem again, nominating Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus, from the house of Scipii, as the new proconsul of Hispania Ulterior. The new governor forced Viriato to abandon Tucci with an army of 18,000 infantry soldiers, 1,600 knights and 10 elephants sent by Micipsa, king of Numidia. After their retreat, the Lusitanians fought back, killing 3,000 Romans. Fabius Maximus Servilianus did not give up, and forced Viriato to back away to Lusitania, punishing the Lusitanian-allied cities in Beturia; however, when he went forward to Alentejo and Algarve, he was defeated and forced to retreat. Still in the same year, the Roman proconsul was unexpectedly besieged by Viriato in Erisane (maybe Arsa, in Beturia). Although the situation was entirely favorable for the Lusitanians, who were able to smash the Roman army, Viriato proposed the peace. An agreement – later ratified by the Senate – was established between the Lusitanians and Fabius Maximus Servilianus, in which the latter recognized the independence of the Lusitanians and declared Viriato to be “a friend of the Roman people”. The reasons of this pact are somewhat controversial. Perhaps it can be explained due to the situation at the moment: the Lusitanians were exhausted due to the war and this pact was the best opportunity to guarantee peace, maintaining a territorial independence recognized by the Romans at the same time. Quintus Servilius Scipio, consul in 140 [bC] and proconsul in 139 [bC], succeeded to his brother Fabius Maximus Servilianus in the province of Ulterior. Right then, the new governor tried to reinitiate the hostilities against the Lusitanians, with consent of the Senate, which considered the pact to be shameful for Rome. In 139, Viriato had to retreat from the cities of Beturia, such as Erisane, and headed to Carpetania, avoiding the confront with Servilius Scipio, who went on pursuing the Lusitanians, penetrating the region of the Vetons, and maybe even crossing the river Douro, entering the lands of the Calaics. During these military operations, Servilius Scipio built settlements near the current city of Cáceres – Castra Servilia – and near Sesimbra – Castra Caepiana. Meanwhile, the Lusitanians established themselves on the mount of Venus, where they were unsuccessfully attacked by Servilius Scipio. Viriato tried to establish peace again by negotiating with the consul of Citerior, M. Popilius Lenate, who forced Viriato to give him Roman deserters and hostages. It is believed that Viriato killed his father-in-law, Astolpas, at this moment, because he was among the hostages demanded by the Romans. Popilius Lenate cut the right hand of every hostage, and he made a new demand to Viriato: the deposition of weapons. The Lusitanian leader interrupted the negotiations and, maybe constrained by his soldiers, he tried an agreement with Servilius Scipio, sending three ambassadors – Audax, Ditalco and Minurus, from the city of Urso (Osuna) – who returned to the Lusitanian settlement and killed Viriato while he was sleeping. The Lusitanians organized extraordinary funerals in honor of their leader, thus narrated by Apianus: “(...) after magnificently dressing him, they burnt him in a very high balefire, sacrificing many victims in his honor. The infantry soldiers, as well as the cavalry ones, were running around the balefire, armed and in platoons, and worshipping him; and even when the fire was extinguished, they were still running around it. When the funeral ceremony ended, hand combats were celebrated on his tomb. Such a longing Viriato left behind himself!” The death of Viriato didn’t mean the end of the Lusitanians resistance. Thus, in that very year of 139 BC, the Lusitanians, led by Tautalus, successor of Viriato, unsuccessfully attacked the city of Sagunto. Later, they headed to the valley of Guadalquivir, where they were forced to make an agreement with Servilius Scipio. In 138 BC, Rome nominated Decimus Junius Brutus to be the consul of Hispania Ulterior. His mission was to dominate the central region of Lusitanian, because the Lusitanian raids had not ceased. The Roman general installed his settlement in Moron, at the right bank of the river Tagus. This operation base is probably situated in the area of Chões de Alpompé, Vale de Figueira, north of Santarém. Brutus also fortified Olisipo (Lisbon), surely to guarantee supplies for the army and maritime access. Knowing it would be difficult to dominate the Lusitanian hosts settled on the mountainous regions, unfavorable for Roman tactics, Brutus preferred to attack the Lusitanian cities. This strategy was totally successful, as it forced the sheltered guerrillas to come out in aid of their villages. In 137 BC, Brutus crossed the river Douro, marching northward up to the legendary river Letes (current Lima), which the Roman soldiers refused to cross, being afraid of losing their memory. In fact, there was an indigenous belief diffused among the soldiers that the waters of the river Letes caused total loss of memory – even their origins and their homeland – for those who crossed it. In order to get rid of this fear, Brutus was the first one to cross the river, holding a flag, then being followed by the whole army. Brutus continued to march up to the river Minho, but he has threatened by the Bracarii, who had taken hold of the supplies of his army, thus forced to retreat. On the 9th July 137 BC, the Romans attacked the Bracarii, razing their powerful army. Orosius wrote that 50,000 Calaics died in this battle and 6,000 were captured. During the return of Brutus to the settlements of Tagus, new rebellions happened, such as in Talabriga, a city localized between the rivers Douro and Vouga, which had to surrender after being besieged by the Romans, occurrence related by Apianus: “after incusing fear among them, and convincing them that he would do something terrible, Brutus content himself in playing with them. He took the horses, the wheat, and the public treasury from them, and also all common goods, and then he gave them the city back, against all their hopes.” Decimus Junius Brutus returned to Rome probably in 133 BC. During his government, he pacified Lusitania and inflicted heavy losses among the Calaics who were theoretically subjected to the Romans, despite maintaining their independence. The Lusitanian Wars ended with the expedition of Brutus. Actually, judging by the literary sources, peace prevailed for some years, since there is no news on confrontations in the Ulterior. Viriato’s death and Brutus’ actions must have been determinant for this tranquility.
  13. Hey, why don't you? Where are you from, specifically?
  14. Sim, claro, sou de Portugal. Mas é melhor falarmos inglês senão os administradores não vão gostar. Is that alright?
  15. I guess all help is welcome... But let me disagree with you: Spain is NOT the most fascinating country of Europe.
  16. Yeah, I agree with the distinction of Lusitanians and Iberians. However, I think the information one have on Lusitanians is not suffice to create a different "branch" of Iberians.
  17. They sure were! What was ES thinking when they created "the Atlanteans"? Everyone knows those gods were plain greek. IMHO they faked those atlanteans because they didn't want to tire themselves researching for another civ-set. :@
  18. I've played it a long time, you know... But eventually those rude and primitive 3D graphics made me stop.
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